动词的时态和语态复(答案).doc

动词的时态和语态复习(答案)一, 动词的时态 1, 英语动词可分为四种: 实义动词, _系动词_, _情态动词_,和_助动词_.2, 实义动词分为: _及物动词_和_不及物动词_.二, 时态: 1, 一般现在时, 一般现在时表示经常的, _反复的_, _习惯性_的动作或状态; 还可以表示客观事实和永恒的真理.与一般现在时连用的时间状语:1), 频度副词; often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, frequently, 2), every phrases: every day; every year , every month vevery week 3), 表客观真理时要用一般现在时.4), 条件状语从句和时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来.把下列句子译成英语1), 他很少到这来, 是不是 He seldom comes here, does he? 2), 吉姆不总是迟到, 但是迈克从来不迟到.Jim isnt always late, but Mike is never late. 3), 每年都有许多大学毕业生被派到国外. A lot of college graduates are sent abroad every year. 4), 老师告诉我们光以直线传播. The teacher told us that light travela in a straight line. 5), 如果明天下雨, 我们就不去颐和园了. If it rains tomorrow, we willl not go to the Summer Palace. 6), 我们要在明天日落之前完成任务. We ll finish the task before the sun sets tomorrow. 2, 一般过去时: 表示在过去时间里经常发生的动作或状态.与一般过去时连用的时间状语:1), 表过去时间的名词: yesterday, _the day before yesterday. 2), last phrases: last year , _last month _last week _last night_ 3), ago phrases: an hour ago _two days ago_, _many years ago_ _ _a minute ago_4), 过去具体的年, 月, 日: on Junuary 1st, 1980 : in October; _on October 1st_ _in May_ _on March 8th_5), the other day (_前几天_)_6), 副词短语: just now, then7), used to do 表过去常常.(但现在这种结果已经不存在.)8), would do 表过去常常(现在或许是那样, 或许不是那样.)把下列句子译成英语1），前天晚上我接到了一个陌生人打来的电话。 I received a telephone call from a stranger the night before last. 2， 姚明在上个季篮球赛中，平均每场得30分。 Yao Ming scored 30 , on average, in every match last season. 3），很久很久以前，中国人就发明了指南针。 Long , long ago, the Chinse people invented the compass 4），中华人民共和国成立于1949年10 月1日。 The Peoples Republic of China was founded on October 10th, 1949. 5)，前几天, 我们在那家饭店吃了午餐. We had lunch in that restaurant the other day. 6), 他们俩现在经常吵架, 斥责. 谁能想到他们过去曾是朋友. Now both of them often quarrel and scold each other. No one can imagine they used to be good friends.7), 他住在农村时,总是每天起得很早, 现在他一直保持着这种习惯. When he lived in the country, he would get up very early every mornig, and now he still keeps the habit.8), 他过去不经常到这来, 是不是? He usednt to come here, used he? (He didnt use to come here, did he ?)3, 一般将来时: 表示在将来的时间里发生的的动作或存在的状态.与一般将来时连用的时间状语.:1), 表将来时间的的名词: tomorrow, _the day after tomorrow_2), next pgrases: next year _next month _ _next season_ _next wweek_3), in + 一段时间: after +点时间4), : soon, in the future将来时的6种表达法: 1) to be going to do 2) _will/shall do _3) _to be about to do _4) _to be to do_5) _用进行时表将来_6) _用一般现在时表将来_把下列句子译成英语1), 后天他打算去伦敦. He is going to London the day after tomorrow. 2), 这座高楼来年就会完工. The tall building will be completed next year. 3), 我们约定在学校大门外面相会. We are to meet outside the school gate. 4), 机器人在将来会进入我们的家庭. Robots will come inti our families in the future. 5), 在我们面前会有许多困难, 但是我们一定要设法克服它 There will be a lot of difficulties ahead of us, we must try our best to overcome them. 6), 我刚要动身, 这时天下起雨来. I was about to leave when it began to rain. 7), 这列从上海来的火车将在10:00到达.The train from Shanghai arrives at 10 8), 我的朋友露西明天动身往英国. 所以明天上午我去机场为她送行. Mw friend Lucy is leaving for England tomorrow, so I will go to the aorport to see her off. 4, 现在进行时: 表示在此时此刻或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(不表示状态) 与现在进行时连用的时间状语:1) now, at the moment, 2) Its 10 oclock3) 根据具体的语境: Look,. Listen, 把下列句子译成英语1) 此刻孩子们没在做作业, 他们正在花园里玩. At the moment the children arent doing their homework, they are playing in the garden. 2) 现在是早晨6点钟, 格林一家人正在吃早饭. Its six oclock now. and the Greens are having breakfast. 3) 听, 他们正在隔壁房间里唱歌. Listen, they are singing in the next room. 5, 过去进行时: 表示在过去具体时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作(不表示状态)与过去进行时连用的时间状语:1), this time yesterday; from 7 to 9 o clock yesterday evening.2), when 引导的时间状语从句3), while 引导的时间状语从句4), was/were doingwhen把下列句子译成英语;1), 昨天的这个时候我们正在玩电脑游戏. I was playing a computergame this time yesterday. 2), 你昨晚8点到9点正在干什么? What were you doing from 8 to 9 oclock yesterday evening? 3), 我到达那里时,他们正在练习唱歌. They were practising singing when I arrived there. 4), 昨天晚上正当我看书时, 我爸爸正在看报纸. While I was reading a book last night, my father was reading a newspaper 5), 我们正在吃晚饭, 就在这时电话响了. We were having supper when the telephone rang. 6, 现在完成时: a), 过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在产生的结果或影响.连用的时间状语: already _yet_ _just _ _ever_ _never_ _before_ _recently_ _so far_ _lately_b), 发生在过去的延续性动作或状态一直持续到现在, 对现在产生结果或影响. 常与表示一段时间的状语连用: 1), for +段时间2), since+点时间3), since+段时间 + ago4), since 引导的时间状语从句* 瞬时动词可用现在完成时,但不能与表示持续时间的状语连用. 这类动词有: buy; join, die, leave, begin, become, arrive, come, go, borrow, lend等.另外还与in the last/past +段时间连用.( 在过去的时间里/ 时间以来)把下列句子译成英语.1), 吉姆已经为期中考试作好了准 Jim has already prepared for the mid-term exam 2), 你已经把书还给图书馆了吗? Have you returned the book to the library yet? 3), 他刚来这.他到这只有几分钟. He has come here, He has been here for noly a few minutes. 4), -你以前曾经去过美国吗? Have you ever been to the USA before? - 我从来没去过那里. I have never been there . 5), 你最近收到他的来信了吗? Have you heard from him recently/lately? 6), 到目前为止, 我们国家已经赢得了四十块金牌. So far our country has won forty gold medals. 7), 他弟弟在那个工厂工作已经八年了. His brother has worked in that factory for eight years, 8), 自从他家搬到这个城市以来,就一直住在这. He has lived here since his family moved to the city. 9), 十年来我们城市建起了许多高楼. Many high buildings have been set up in our city in the past/last ten years. 10), 自从他大学毕业以来,就参了军. He has been a soldier since he graduated from college. 7, 过去完成时a), 表示过去某一动作之前发生的动作或状态.(是一个与一般过去时对比而存在的一个时态.)时间状语;1), by the end of+过去时间到上学期未, 我们已经学了2,500多个英语单词了, By the end of last term we had learned more than 2,000 English words. 到上月未, 他们已经建完了那座桥. By the end of last month, they had completed the bridge. 2), by the time 引导的时间状语从句(从句的时态为一般过去时)爱因斯坦到十四岁时, 就自学了高等数学. Einstein had taught himself advanced maths by the time he was fourteen yeas old. 3), before, until, when 引导的时间状语从句.我哥哥上大学之前在这所工厂里工作了两年. My brother had worked for two years before he went to college. 昨天他一直很忙, 直到他完成所有的工作, 他才回家. He was very busy yesterday, and he didnt go home until he had finished all his work. 当他到达火车站时,火车已经开走了. The train had left when he got to the railway station. 4) Hardly/scarcelywhen一就 No sooner than一就1), 他刚一入睡, 就听见有人敲门. Hardly had he fallen asleep when he heard someone knocked at the door. 2) 张老师刚一公布完运动会结果, 学生们就欢呼起来. No sooner had Mr Zhang announced the result of the sports meeting than the students cheered up. 5) as soon as 和after 引导的时间状语从句, 可用一般过去时, 也可用过去完成时.吉姆一完成作业, 他就出去踢足球. As soon as Jim (had) finished his homework he went out to play football. 他们克服许多困难之后, 才成功地到达了有希望的土地. After they (had) overcome a lot of difficulties, they had reached the promised land. b), 过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态延续到过去某一时刻或持续下去.时间状语:1) for+段时间昨晚他睡觉之前, 工作了4小时. He had worked for four hours before he went to bed. 他上大学之前, 在我校学习了三年. Before he went to college, he had studied in our school for three years. 2) since从句我昨天见到了莉莉. 自从我们大学毕业毕业以来一直没见过面. I met Lily yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since we left university. 上周我做完了试验. 自从我开始做这个试验以来我一直在研究它. Last week I finished the experiment. I had done research on it since I began to do it. 8, 过去将来时: (不独立存在, 主要用于宾语从句中)should or would +原形动词时间状语: the next ; the following爸爸答应如果我通过考试他就给我买一辆自行车. My father promised that he would buy me a bike if I passed the exam. 他告诉她第二天早晨他去用车接她. He told her that hw would pick her up the next / following day. 9, 现在完成进行时: (have/has been doing) (现在完成时+现在进行时): 发生在过去的延续性动作一直持续到现在, 对现在产生结果或影响., 但动作还继续进行.1) 他已经工作了6个多小时了, 你应该让他停下来休息一会儿. He has been working over six hours. You should ask him to stop to have a rest. 2), 今天上午他一直在写信. He has been writing letters this morning 10, 将来进行时: ( will be doing) 表将来某个时候或某个时段将会进行的动作(将来进行时表示的动作发生的可能性最大.)1), 明天的这个时候, 我们会正在公园里高兴地玩着. We will be playing happily in the park this time tomorrow. 2), 后天上午学生们会在实验室里做试验. The students will be doing the experiment in the lab in the afternoon the day after tomorrow. 11, 将来完成时: (will/shall have done).表到将来某一时刻为止某一动作的结果或影响.时间状语:1), by+将来时间到下个月末, 他们就建完了这座楼. By the end of next month,they will have finished setting up the building. 到明天的这个时候, 我在这呆三天了. By this time tomorrow, I will have been here for three days. 2) by the time引导的时间状语从句(从句的时态用一般现在时)他到达的时候我们会完成整个任务, Be the time he arrived, we will have finished the whole task. 她22岁时,就会大学毕业了. By the time she was twentytwo, she will have graduated from college. 二, 动词的语态1, 语态表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系. 主动语态表示_主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者被动语态表示 主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者2, 被动语态的构成: be + 过去分词3, 把下列句子变成被动语态.1), He is repairing my bike now. My bike is now being repaired .