英语四级短对话技巧及情境词汇.docVIP

四级历年真题听力核心考点1.观点态度题此类型的题目选项通常包含表示人物喜好、观点、态度或评价的单词或短语，例如：think, guess, like/dislike, prefer, insist, consider, would like to, find 等。提问方式通常有:What does the man/woman think about/of?What does the man/woman/two speakers say about?What does the man/woman imply/mean?What does the man/woman feel about?表示观点态度的常见词汇有：表示喜欢：like, love, prefer to, enjoy, funny, wonderful表示反感：dislike, boring, hate, shame, regret表示赞赏：appreciate, think much, be proud of, admire 表示批评：criticize, critical表示赞成：certainly, reasonable, favorable, wise, agree, approve表示反对：disagree, disapprove, foolish, ridiculous, unwise2.行动计划题此类型题目的选项通常是动词短语形式的、由不定式或动名词引导的句子。对话内容一般是谈话一方或双方计划做什么或曾经做过什么。提问方式通常有:What will the man/woman most probably do?What will the man/woman do first after/before?What will the man/woman going to do this?3.请求建议题此类型题目的选项通常与行动计划题的选项相近，因为大多是有关行动计划的建议。对话内容一般是谈话一方建议另一方做某事，此类型对话中经常会包含提出请求和表达建议的句子。提问方式通常有: What does the man/woman want/suggest the woman/man to do?How does the man/woman suggest the woman/man?Whats the man/woman suggestion to the woman/man?表达请求的常用句子有：Will/Would/Can/Could you.?Would you mind.?I wonder if/whether you.Ill be very appreciative if you.I hope you dont mind.I was wondering if you could.表达建议的常用句式有：How/What about doing?(怎么样？)Why not do? 或Why dont you/we do? (为什么不？)Maybe you should/shouldnt do(也许你应该/不应该)Maybe youd better do(也许你最好)Maybe you may/might as well do(也许你还是好，不妨好)Lets(让我们)We should(我们应该)Perhaps we can(也许我们能)If I were you, Ill(如果我是你，我将)4.身份关系题此类型的题目一般考查谈话两者之间的关系或者谈话某一方的职业，解答这类题的时候要注意谈话者的语气以及谈话的场景。提问方式通常有:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?What is the probable relationship between A and B?What most probably is?Whats the man/womans job?常考人物关系有：夫妻（husband-wife）父子（father-son）母子（mother-son）师生（teacher-student）同学（schoolmate）同事（colleague）老板与秘书（boss-secretary）雇主和雇员（employer-employee）医生与病人（doctor-patient）服务员与顾客（waiter/waitress-customer）主人与客人（host/hostess-guest）警察与司机（policeman-driver）图书管理员与借阅人（librarian-reader）房东与住户（landlord/landlady-tenant）常考职业身份有：教授（professor）秘书（secretary）老板（boss）医生（doctor）服务员（waiter/waitress）修理工（repairer,plumber管钳工,carpenter木匠，mechanic技工，electrician）家庭成员（father, mother, son, daughter,husband, wife, boyfriend, girlfriend.）5. 中心思想题此类题型主要考查学生对整篇对话的主题思想或某个事件的理解和把握。提问方式通常有:What are the two speakers mainly talking about?What is the conversation mainly about?Whats the main purpose of ?What is the main topic of the conversation?What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?6. 事实细节题此类题型主要考查学生是否把握住了对话中的重要细节部分。一般来说，长对话中80% 都是细节题。问题内容比较广泛，主要包括: 时间、地点、事件原因、事件结果、具体行动等。问题一般为wh- question 的形式，提问方式通常有:What does sb. say about?Why?When?Where does the conversation probably take place?这类题要求我们对文中出现的时间、数字等信息一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词（ 如because, so, due to 等） 和转折连词（ 如but, however, though 等） 引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。常考的地点场景有：诊所或医院(clinic or hospital)火车站(railway station )机场(airport )邮局(post office )银行(bank )学校或校园( school or campus)图书馆(library )书店(bookstore )餐馆( restaurant)旅馆(hotel )7. 推理推测题此类题型主要考查学生获取对话中的信息之后的推理能力，一般逻辑推理不会很难。主要内容是对对话中提到的细节进行延伸推断或对谈论一方的意见或行为进行推断。提问方式通常有:According to the conversation, what will the two speakers do then?What can be inferred from the conversation?What can we conclude from the conversation? What is the womans tone of voice when she first sees the man? What does the speaker think about the problem.? How does the writer feel about.?What does the speaker most concerned about?What would the man do for the womans practice if she were accepted?8. 判断对错题这类题常用以下提问方式：Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned? 听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有not 一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，not 一词会重读。英语四级短对话不能不记的设题问句1. 语义理解设题问句What does the man/woman mean/imply?What does the woman want the man to do?What do we learn from the conversation?What can be inferred from the conversation?What can we learn from the speakers?2. 逻辑判断设题问句What do we learn from this conversation?What can be inferred from the conversation?What are they talking about?What can we infer about the man from the conversation?What do we conclude from the womans words?3. 观点态度设题问句What does the man say about?What does the man imply/mean?What do the speakers say about the fact?4. 事实细节设题问句What does the man find ?What did the woman request to do?Who is the woman probably speaking to?5. 请求建议设题问句What does the man suggest the woman should do?What does the woman want the man to do?6. 行动计划设题问句What is the man/woman doing?What will the woman probably do?What are the speakers probably going to do?7. 原因目的设题问句What was the purpose of the man?英语四级短对话不能不记的句式语气通常各种句式语气是四级短对话题目的设题点或者是决定答案的关键部分，考生应该熟练掌握这些句式语气并且多加练习。1. 否定句式Wow, I dont like to let anyone else drive my car. （2010 年6 月）I guess its something I havent acquired a taste for yet. （2008 年12 月）I could hardly recognize her. （2007 年12 月）2. 建议句式Why not.?Why dont you.?Tell you what, why dont we go together?（2010 年6 月）So it might be time to invest in a more recent model. （2009 年6 月）How about joining me for a cup of coffee? （2008 年12 月）3. 转折句式But .Well,.However, .Yeah, but what troubles me is that I cant find the book in the library or inthe university bookstore.（2010 年6 月）But lets call right now to confirm our flight. （2009 年6 月）4. 比较句式Other than this Friday, one day is as good as the next. （2010 年6 月）Hes been sick all week, but Ive never felt better in my life. （2007 年12 月）5. 虚拟句式If I were you, I.How I wish .Id feel that way too if I were you. （2010 年6 月）What would you do if you were in my place?（2007 年12 月）I wish I hadnt thrown away that waiting list. （2007 年6 月）6. 反问句式Dont you think so?Really?You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didnt you?（2008 年12 月）You havent seen a blue notebook, have you? （2008 年12 月）Im so sorry sir, and youll let me pay to have your jacket cleaned, wontyou? （2008 年6 月）四级历年真题短对话主题及相关词汇四级听力中涉及的常见生活场景很有限，而且重复率很高。它们必然是学生日常学习生活中最为常见的场景，归纳起来可以分为这八大场景: 校园生活、工作职场、 娱乐活动、旅游交通、疾病健康、饮食起居、天气气候、购物装饰等。一、校园生活这类场景主要涉及: 申请学校、选修课程、听课、演说、阅读、写论文、考试、奖学金、同学交往及课余生活安排等方面的话题。相关词汇：concentration 集中 come up with 赶上 quiz 小测验 draft 初稿 postpone / put off 推迟 stay up 熬夜 further study 进修 postgraduate 研究生 a student loan 学生贷款fellowship/scholarship 奖学金enroll in 登记candidate 候选人diligence 勤奋 paper 论文 passing score 及格分 fall short of ones expectation 出乎意料graduate 毕业生enthusiasm 热情 be strict with 对严厉cancel / call off 取消reschedule 重新安排时间 earn a credit 修学分 study abroad 留学graduation 毕业 tuition 学费fee 学杂费participate in 参加，参与sign up for 参加（俱乐部、课程等）run for 竞选grant 助学金election campaign 选举活动the student union 学生会taste 兴趣，爱好二、工作职场这类场景主要涉及: 招聘面试、工作选择、工作安排、客户联络以及同事关系等方面的话题。相关词汇:hang on 坚持work addict 工作狂wear out 疲劳job hunting 找工作application letter 求职信jobhopping 跳槽appointment 约会be involved in 参与personality 品质determined 有决心的achievement 成就pioneer 先驱，开拓者turn down 拒绝cooperation 合作proposal 建议书pessimistic 悲观的perseverance 坚持不懈struggle 奋斗overwhelmed 疲倦的work like a horse 辛勤工作want ads 招聘广告 do odd jobs 做零工 appointment 任命in charge of 负责be on business 出差optimistic 乐观的diligent 勤奋的deserve 值得，应该tribute 赞美overwork 加班workload 工作负担devote oneself to sth. 致力于某事vacancy 空缺 lose ones job 失业worthy 值得的三、娱乐活动这类场景主要涉及: 休闲方式、文化艺术、体育活动、假期安排等方面的话题。相关词汇waiter / waitress 服务员junk food 垃圾食品medium 中等熟度cater 提供饮食及服务keep pet 养宠物gossip 闲话；喜欢谈论别人私生活的人violence movie 暴力片tragedy 悲剧menu 菜单roast 烤肉done 老的，煮熟了的buffet 自助餐gardening 园艺documentary 纪录片TV theatre 电视剧场snack 快餐rare 半熟的make a reservation 预定play chess 下象棋tennis court 网球场entertainment industry 娱乐业plot 情节eat out 出去吃order 点菜program 节目scenic spot 旅游景点landscape 风景comedy 喜剧entertaining 有趣的，愉快的organic food 有机食品四、旅游交通这类场景主要涉及: 景点介绍、宾馆住宿、交通方式、归来感受等方面的话题。相关词汇express train 特快列车return/round-trip ticket 往返票handbrake 手刹车speeding 超速jay-walker 无视交通规则任意乱行的人economy class 经济舱board 登机safety inspection 安检sightseeing 观光，游览set off to the seaside 去海边one-way ticket 单程票platform 站台run a red light /jump the light 闯红灯fast lane 快行车道give a ride 搭车a non-stop train 直达火车transfer 转车park a car 停车zebra 斑马线ticket 罚单intersection 十字路口first class 头等舱checking counter 检票处check in 办理登机手续travel agency 旅行社scenic resort 旅游胜地business class 商务舱miss flight 误机behind schedule 晚点reception desk 接待处landscape 风景五、疾病健康这类场景主要涉及: 生病就医、诊断过程、身体状况、医生建议等方面的话题。相关词汇:epidemic 流行病symptom 症状sore throat 嗓子疼prescription 处方vaccinate 注射疫苗put on weight 增加体重，长胖on diet 节食be in good shape 身体健康bird flu 禽流感sneeze 打喷嚏runny nose 流鼻涕fracture 骨折contagion 传染have a temperature 发烧allergy 过敏dosage 剂量exercise machine 健身器械be out of shape 身体不好physical inspection 体检fitness center 健身中心slimming drug 减肥药be in poor shape 身体状况不佳black and blue 青一块紫一块六、饮食起居这类场景主要涉及: 外出就餐、饮食健康、租房信息、居住环境等方面的话题。相关词汇:landlord /landlady 房东monthly rent 月租settle 定居subway entrance 地铁入口household expense 家务开支 interest rate 利率 deposit 存款 leisure time 闲暇时间 hospitable 好客的operator 接线员residence 居住，住所accommodate 供给住宿或房间suburb 郊区house keeper 管家tenant 房客available 可利用的downtown 市中心put up with the noise 容忍噪音keep down the cost 降低开支 pay off 还清 addressee 收信人 call on sb. 拜访某人 long-distance call 长途电话property 财产 addresser 寄信人take a message 捎口信hold on 别挂电话七、天气气候这类场景主要涉及: 气候温度、天气状况以及对人们日常生活的影响等方面的话题。相关词汇:weather forecast 天气预报thunderstorm 雷雨chilly 严寒的environment protection 环境保护ecosystem 生态系统purify 净化endangered species 濒临危险物种pour 倾盆大雨foggy 有雾的snowstorm 暴风雪deforestation 滥砍滥伐vegetation 植物，植被humidity 湿度drizzle 毛毛雨breezy 微风的blizzard 暴风雪reclaim 开垦，改造over-fishing 过度捕鱼recycle 回收再利用drought 干旱greenhouse effects 温室效应extinction 灭绝deterioration 恶化dust-storm 沙尘暴global warming 全球变暖acid rain 酸雨八、购物装饰这类场景主要涉及: 商场采购、家具添置、服饰搭配等方面的话题。相关词汇:supermarket 超市 bargain 便宜货，讨价还价display 展示 budget 预算 cosmetics 化妆品luxurious item 奢侈品 furnished 已装修的cupboard 衣柜plumber 管子工air conditioner 空调grocery 杂货店 complaint 投诉chain store 连锁店 out of stock 没货 famous brand 名牌catalog 商品目录 convenience store 便利店 department store 百货大楼 in stock 有现货sports goods 体育用品 discount 折扣 furniture 家具shower 淋浴washing machine 洗衣机install 安装decoration 装饰leak 漏水furnace 暖气锅炉，熔炉heater 加热器shopping list 购物单英语四级听力短对话不能不记的分类词汇选择专业或课程 :register for/sign up for/enroll in/enlist in/take 选（课或专业）semester 学期quit/drop a course 逃课pick up 学习，选择major in 专修earn a credit 修学分workload 负担primary 初步的，初级的advanced course 高级课程optional/elective/selective course 选修课required/compulsory course 必修课science courses/arts courses 理科 / 文科geology 地质学archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学botany 植物学zoology 动物学math 数学linguistics 语言学philosophy 哲学accounting 会计学finance 金融学architecture 建筑学curriculum 课程上课，讲座lecture 讲座speech 演讲presentation 陈述，介绍schedule 课程表build the interest 培养兴趣absence 缺席presence出席punctual 准时，守时take notes 做笔记make up弥补doze off 昏昏欲睡postpone/ put off 推迟professor 教授dean 系主任lay 拖堂boring 枯燥thought-provoking 发人深思的catch/follow 跟上，听懂figure out 弄懂get lost/confused/puzzled 不明白cancel/call off 取消attendance 出席人数考试mid-term exam 期中考试final exam 期末考试quiz 小测验national test 全国统考reschedule 重新安排时间exam week/period考试周open-book exam 开卷考试make up the exam 补考review/go over/go through 复习stay up all night 熬夜full marks 满分high grade/score/mark 高分straight As 全得 Aplus加fall in the exam 考试不及格retake 重修课余活动taste 兴趣爱好extracurricular activities 课余活动chorus 合唱队drama club 剧社the Students Union 学生会president/chairman 主席run for 竞选vote选票questionnaire 问卷调查candidate 候选人contest/competition 竞赛award奖semi-final 半决赛get eliminated 被淘汰guitar 吉他violin 小提琴a roll of film 一卷胶卷develop the film 冲洗胶卷photo studio 照相馆focus 焦距shutter 快门lens 镜头photo album 相册part-time job 兼职winter/summer vacation 寒暑假picnic 野餐graduation party 毕业晚会saxophone 萨克斯oil painting 油画water color 水彩画sketch 素描further study 进修家庭琐事trivial affair 日常琐事housework 家务活housekeeper 管家housemaid 女佣housewife 家庭主妇laundry 洗衣店do/clean the dishes 清洗餐具in a mass 一团乱put sth. away把收拾好mop the floor拖地keep an eye on 照料，照看living expense 生活费deposit 存款withdraw 取钱property 财产debt债务pay off 还清addresser 寄信人addressee 收信人parcel 包裹registered letter 挂号信ems (express mail service) 特快专递zip/postal code 邮政编码household expense 家务开支购物消费convenience store 便利店chain store 连锁店supermarket 超市mall 购物中心grocery 杂货店bakery 面包店invest in 投资down payment 首付款deposit 押金costly/expensive/dear 昂贵的overcharge 多收费afford 负担得起salesman 售货员customer 顾客display 展示counter 柜台cosmetics 化妆品kitchenware 厨房用具sports goods 体育用品discount 折扣shopping list 购物单receipt 收据price tag价签on sale 出售bargain 便宜货，讨价还价luxurious item 奢侈品sell out 售光out of stock 没货in/out of season 正和 / 过了季budget 预算catalog 商品目录stationary 文具外出就餐eat out/dine out 出去吃join in sb. for dinner 与共进晚餐treat 款待，宴请make a reservation 预定book a table 订桌子buffet 自助餐caf/cafeteria 咖啡店menu 菜单specialty 特色菜snack 快餐dessert 甜点appetizer 开胃菜champagne 香槟酒toast 烤面包course 一道菜napkin 餐巾junk food 垃圾食品french fries 炸薯条fatty food 油腻食品organic food 健康食品roast 烤肉mutton 羊肉pork 猪肉beef steak 牛排rare 半熟medium 中等熟的done 老的，煮熟的sauce 汁spicy/hot 辣的bland 无味的，味道淡的tangy 味道浓烈的tip 小费度假出行tourist 游客take a vacation 休假，度假package trip/tour 由旅行社全包的旅行book a room 订房间reception desk 接待处service counter 服务台check in 住宿登记go down to the beach/shore/seaside去海边go surfing 冲浪hiking 徒步旅行canoe （划）独木舟sightseeing 观光，游览scenic resort 旅游胜地garage 修理厂，车库rush hour/peak hour 高峰期traffic jam 交通堵塞heavy/light traffic 交通流量大 / 小bus terminal 汽车终点站zebra 斑马线jay-walker 无视交通规则的人ticket 罚单fine罚款driving license 驾驶执照make a wrong turn 拐错弯car crash 撞车traffic accident 交通事故injury 受伤landscape 风景beyond description 难以描述broaden ones horizon 开阔眼界headlight 车前灯one-way ticket 单程票round-trip ticket 往返票platform 站台dining car 餐厅punch a ticket检票cabin 机舱hostess 空姐miss flight 误机airsick 晕机give a ride 搭车express train 快车see off 送行departure time 起飞时间crew全体乘务人员captain 机长pilot飞行员declare 申报customs 海关board 登机passport 护照visa 签证住房搬家landlord/landlady 房东tenant 房客rent and utilities 房租和水电费house-warming party 乔迁宴会apartment/flat公寓spare rooms 空余房间available 可利用的downtown 市中心suburb 郊区parking 停车noisy 吵闹的messy 乱的neat 整洁的second-hand 二手的decoration 装饰cupboard 衣柜shower 淋浴sink 下水槽pipe 管道leak 漏水fix 维修heater 暖气air conditioner 空调cramped 拥挤的spacious/roomy 宽敞的furniture 家具生病看病epidemic 流行病bird flu 禽流感sars 非典symptom 症状sneeze 打喷嚏sore throat 嗓子疼runny nose 流鼻涕diarrhea 腹泻，拉肚子stomachache 胃疼fill teeth 补牙a