现在完成时讲解与练习.doc

现在完成时讲解与练习一、现在完成时定义：(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；(2)也可表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续持续下去。2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其他。（1）当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。（2）当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。（3）现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，（4）过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。3.基本句式：否定式: 主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has. (肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt. (否定)4.基本用法：（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ -Yes,I have. Ive just had it.我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语，多为延续性动词。 如：He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这教书。(可能还要继续教) I havent seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。（4）现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志：already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 * 以ever和never为标志： ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志： 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 * 以so far为标志： so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。5.现在完成时的时间状语: For+一段时间（时间段），since+时间点或时间状语从句，so far (到目前为止，迄今为止), ever（曾经）, never（出来不）, just（刚刚）, yet（还）， till now, until now, up to now（直到现在）, in the past two yearsmonths(在过去的两年里数月), the last few years(近几年里), before(以前), already（已经）, recently（最近）, lately（最近）, once（一次），twice(两次),three times（三次）等等。（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, just now, in the past, three years ago等(一般过去时常常与具体的时间状语连用)。但是，现在完成时在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和模糊的、能延续的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 just: 刚刚，不是动作刚刚结束，常位于助动词和过去分词之间。already: 已经，常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词后、过去分词前，也可放在句末。yet:常和现在完成时连用，yet用在疑问句中“已经”，否定句中“还”，常放在句末。 already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。用ever （曾经）和never（从来没有）。多用于否定或疑问句中。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few years. 近几年他去过那里三次了。(2)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month,year,term)等。 如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？6.如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。把时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时. 如： We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 We began to study English three years ago. 我们三年前（开始）学英语。 (3)用句型It is +一段时间+since从句（从句的谓语动词用短暂性动词的一般过去式）表示.如：It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。7.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。 （现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。 （昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）8.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)表示“去过某地（人现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； have gone(to)表示“去了某地（人还没有回来）”，常用于第三人称； 前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。 如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。 如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。四、非延续性动词与一段时间连用可采用下列三种方法: (1)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy, go, leave, start, die, finish, end, become等短暂性动词(终止性动词)不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为延续性动词(如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know等)来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe here begin(start)be on diebe dead come backbe back come be here go be there wake up be awake leavebe away get upbe upgo outbe out fall illbe ill fall sickbe sick fall asleepbe asleep finishbe over end be over borrowkeep lendkeep buy have lose not have closebe closed come to workwork get to knowknow put onwear 或be on joinbe in或 be a member of 或be aan begin to studystudy catch(a cold) have(a cold) go to schoolbe a student openbe open或keep sth openI. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_already_(see) the film. I_(see) it last week.2. _he _(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I _(be) there twice.4. you ever _ (eat ) chocolate sundaes? No, never.5. My father_ just _(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Wheres Li Ming? He _(go) to the teachers office.7. Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a large city.8. I _(work) here since I _(move) here in 1999.9. So far I - (make) quite a few friends here.10. How long _the Wangs_(stay) here ? For two weeks.II. 句型转换 _1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句) We _English _three years.IV. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _three days. 3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days. 4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _October1. Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it for two years. A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 2. His grandfather _ for over two years.A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died 3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _ England for 5 years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He London. A. has been toB. has beenC. has goneD. has gone to5. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. for B. since C. from D. on6. John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. Study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. After D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, see12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, i14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. Bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A.finishes B. has finished C. Finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three yearA. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joine24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days？ I have to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter 36I have watched the game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；watch CDid;watch Dwill；watch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan AAfter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. Shell return next year ALeft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 二、以适当形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it_ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I_ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_ . -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ (you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua_(come) yet? -Yes. She_(come) already. She _ (come) just no23. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 24. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 三、句型转换(每空一词)。 1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ learned English 4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _ English _ three year.6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.（否定） They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.（同义句） My father _ _ _ for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句） My father _ _ _ England _. 13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句） John_ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 14. His company closed in 2003. （同义句） His company _