非谓语动词讲解3.doc

非谓语动词讲解1 非谓语动词包括：不定式to make; to be making; to have made; to be made; to have been made；动名词making, having made; having been made; being made； 分词(现在、过去making made2 请完成下列表格（以动词make为例，没有的请划）名称一般式进行式完成式被动式完成被动式不定式to maketo bemakingto have madeto be madeto have been nade动名词making/Havind madeBeing madeHaving been made过去分词 made现在分词3 请完成下列表格（非谓语动词它能充当的句子成分划，不能的划）名称主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词过去分词现在分词Im too tired and dont feel like _ today.a. to study b. study c. studyingd.to be studied (2011)To swim in the river is dangerous.Swimming is good for your health.u 动名词作主语常用句型It is / was no use / good + doing sth.如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。There is some difficulty( problem, trouble, a hard time ( in ) doing sth.There is no doing “是不可能的”如：There is no _ what may happen. A. know B. knowing C. to know D. knownu 不定式在句中作主语的常用句型 It is / was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth如：It is difficult for me to learn English grammar.Eating too much is not good _you.a. to b. for c. at d. ofIt is / was + adj. + of sb. + to do sthIt is kind of you to help me solve a problem.如：It was foolish of you to tell a lie to your teacher. ( clever, polite, kind, nice, brave, considerate, patient) It takes / ( took ) sb. +some time+ to do sth. (sometimes , sometime)It took me half an hour to do my homework.u 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help (plan , plane , planet)此外，afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：I cant afford to tell a lie. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.The radio is very loud. Cant you turn it _ a little? (2010)a. off b. on c. up d. down In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练.否认完成停欣赏.不禁介意准逃亡。想象禁止去冒险。1)consider ， suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, iks eks igz2)admit, delay, put off, postpone/ fancy Fancy meeting you here!3)avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice 4)deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate 5) cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, 6)imagine, forbid, risk此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, 例：He objects to _ like this.A. treating being treated get down to, pay attention to, thanks to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, ( persist in) put off, thank you for, apologize to sb.for sth, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。例：Mary didnt have much time to go to the concert last night because she was busy_ for her examination.(2010)a. to prepare b. to be preparedc. preparing d. being prepared The squirrels were so lucky that they just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 stop to read / stop readingtry to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 打算（意欲/想/企图）做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事例：There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. ( 2010)a. making b. to make c. to have made d. having madego on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend.例：He prefers_ to_.(2007)a. staying at home; go out b. stay at home; go out c. stay at home; going out d. staying at home; going outI prefer to stay at home rather than go out on weekends.例：Id prefer him _ the key under the carpet. (2010)a. to leave b. leave c. leaving d. left3在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.例：The girl doesnt allow_ in her drawing-room. She doesnt allow her family _ at all. (2008)a. to smoke; smoking b. to smoke; to smokec. smoking; to smoke d. smoking; smokingThese flowers want watering./ to be watered The book is worth reading.4动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：need / require / want doing / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.例：Ill tell him what needs_.A. to repair B. repairedC. to be repaired D. being repaired (2011)be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)be worth doing be worthy of being donebe worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done如：窗户需要擦一下。The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.那个地方值得一去。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of a visit.The place is worthy of being visited.The place is worthy to be visited.The house needs_, but we plan to wait until next summer. ( 2008)a. painted b. to be painted c. being painted d. to paint四、动词不定式用在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait.We had nothing to do but / other than wait.We have no choice but to wait.I cant choose but laugh.u 分词作定语 ( 判断所修饰的名词与非谓语动词的关系 主动、被动 时间)1作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Toms.I have never seen a more moving movie.2作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V ing 和过去分词。V ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）u 不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别被动式这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。 过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is a man loved and respected by all. 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one.练习：1. I couldnt understand the language_ in that country.a. to speak b. speaking c. to be spoken d. spoken2. Lessons_ easily are soon forgotten. a. to learn b. learn c. learned d. learning3. The workman_ a hat is lying on the bench. a. to wear b. wears c. worn d. wearing4.The meeting_ now is of great importance.a. to hold b. to be held c. being held d. held5. The meeting_ yesterday is of great importance.a. to hold b. to be held c. being held d. held6.The meeting _ tomorrow is of great importance.a. to hold b. to be held c. being held d. held7. The flowers_ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. a. being smelt b. smelling c. smelt d. to be smeltu 不定式、现在分词，过去分词作宾补小窍门 （ 判断宾语与非谓语动词的关系）下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“5看3使2听1感觉”5看（look at, see, (saw, seen) watch, notice, observe）reserve preserve deserve conserve3使（make,( made) let, have）2听（listen to, hear( heard)）1感觉（feel，felt）。I saw a dog come into our classroom.A dog was seen to come into our classroom.Will see will be seenam is are seeing am is are being seenhas / have seen has have been seensee/ sees am is are seensaw was / were seenwill have seen will have been seencan see can be seen以上动词还可用分词作宾语补足语即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep ,leave也可以用分词作宾语补足语。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 练习：1. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point_ a. understand b. understanding c. to understand d. understood 利用关系：利用时间2. The scientists were waiting to see the problem_. a. settle b. settled c. to settle d. settling 3.He got his shoes_ last week.a. mended b. mend c. to mend d. mending4. -Why did you go back upstairs ? -I thought I had left the windows_. a. opened b. open (adj.) c. being opened d. to be openedI like to sleep with the window open.I like to sleep with the light on.The shop has been open for ten years.I am angry. I am sad They are happy We are in the classroom. She is against/ objected/s to the idea.5. As he entered the room, he found many books_ scattered on the floor.a. laying b. laid c. lain d. lyinglie: lied lied （ 撒谎）lyinglie: lay; lain ( 躺；位于) lyingtell a ( white ) lie to sblay: laid; laid ( 下蛋, 放置) laying say said said sayingMother saw her son_ football happily. (2010)a. play b. to play c. playing d. playedu 不定式、分词作状语用法要点一、不定式作状语They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）tootoIm too tired to say a word.在某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐、”的形容词、过去分词、动词之后跟不定式表示原因。( happy, sad, surprised, shocked, astonished, delighted, pleased, weep, cry, laugh ) 如：I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。（ 表示原因 ）在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。I have something interesting to share with you.She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car.( 2010）a. very b. so c. too d. enoughMen cannot have too many ties.注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to +不定式(为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。In order that+句子He got up early in order to catch the first bus. He got up early in order that he caught the first bus他早起为了赶上第一班车。although in spite ofin case in case ofThe bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分) (dis)honestyu 分词作状语 （ 判断句子主语与非谓语动词的关系 ）1分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓 或 动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。2分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)When they heard the news, they got excited.Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)BLD be let doHaving been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. Once bitten, twice shy.Because she had been bitten, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)If I am given a chance,The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)3独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generally speaking 一般说来 Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from /by 根据来判断 Considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话练习：1. If_ green, the door might look more beautiful. a. paint b. painted c. painting d. to paint2. When_ that it was getting late, I put out the light and went to bed. a. find b. finding c. found d. founded3. _anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. a. Not know b. Known not c. Knowing not d. Not knowing4. When only a small boy,_. a. my father took me with him to France b. I went with my father to Francec. my father went with me to France d. my father took me to France非谓语动词练习题1 Ive heard him _ about you often.A spoke B speaks C speak D. to speak2 Im hungry. Get me something _.A eat B to eat C eating D for eating 3 There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know_.A where to choose B which to chooseC to choose what D to choose which4 The teacher told them _ make so much noise.A dont B not C will not D not to5 I saw him _ out of the room.A go B had gone C has gone D goes6 Im going to have my radio _.A fixed B to fix C fix D fixing7 The workers want us _ together with the.A work B working C to work D worked8 The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle.A have killed B to kill C to be killed D being killed9 _ the letter, he went out to post it.A Writing B Being writing C Having written D Written10 If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face.A moved Bmoving C moves D to move11 Dont you remember _?A seeing the man before B to see the man beforeC saw the man before D to have seen the man before12 People couldnt help _the foolish emperor in the procession.A laugh at B to laugh at C laughing at D laughing on13 Whats the language _ in Germany? A speaking B spoke C spoken D to speak14 Were looking forward _ the photo exhibition.A to visiting B to visit C to having visited D visiting15 Our headmaster often told us _ things for granted.A not to have B not to take C didnt take D not to make16 The girl _ under that tree is my sister.A sitting B sits C is sitting D sat17 _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed by18 Do you remember _ me at a party last year?A meet B to meet C meeting D met19 This sentence needs _.A an improvement B improve C improving D improved20 What are you going to do this morning?Im thinking of _ to visit my aunt.A go B going C having gone D my going21 _ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A Not known B Known not C Knowing not D Not knowing22 Have you decided when _?Yes, tomorrow morning.A to leave B to be leave C will you leave D are you leaving23 I really enjoy _ that kind of job.A do B doing C to do D to be doing 24 There is a hole in your bag.I know I am going to have it _.A mend B mending C mended /repair /fix D to be mended25 The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.A lying B lie C lay D laying26 Tell him _ the window.A to shut not B not to shutC to not shut D not shut27 Only one of these books is _.A worth to read B worth being read C worth of reading D worth reading28 He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.A to break B broken C break D breaking29 I cant imagine _ that with them.A do B to do C being done D doing30 Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting31 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _.A catching B to be caught C being caught D to caught32 Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A cry; to cry B crying; cryingC cry; cry D to cry; cry33 They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A to risk going B risking to goC for risk to go D risk going34 She didnt remember _ him before.A having met B have met C to meet D to having met35 They knew her very well. They had seen her _up from childhood.A grow B grew C was growing D to grow36 Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A lay B lain C laying D lying37 Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A to do B doing C with D to be doing 38 There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A followed B following C to be followed D being followed39 What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. It is worth _ a second time.A to read B to be read C reading D being read40 She pretended _me when I pass by.A not to see B not seeing C to not see D having not seen41 Good morning. Can I help you?Id like to have this package _, madam.A be weighed B to be weighedC to weigh D weighed42 _ your coat at once. We must hurry.A Wear (a smile ) B Weari