大学英语四-1教师用书.doc

新视野大学英语综合技能训练 Teachers Book Unit 1, Book 4Unit 1Part WritingA. 四、六级作文观点子类模版(对立观点)1. 写作流程第一种人的观点。需要起始句。第二种人的观点。第一句为过渡句，简明。明确自己喜欢哪种观点。2. 经典模版Outline: 1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为2. 有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为3. 我的看法。My View on Job-hoppingPeoples opinions are always different once they talk about job-hopping. Those who never change their job throughout their life maintain that they have accumulated enough experience to work smoothly and efficiently, so whats the point in changing to another job? They also firmly believe that anyone who wants to excel in his specialty has to work hard on the same post for years to acquire the required skill and knowledge. Many people think otherwise. On the one hand, if the present job can offer neither satisfactory working conditions nor future opportunities, they will not hesitate a moment to leave. On the other hand, they hold that life is only once and job-hopping can provide rich and exciting experiences. My own opinion is that job-hopping, in this fast-developing information era, has become more common and acceptable. If we want to keep pace with the times, we have to change for the faster, the higher and the stronger. If life is a journey, we have nothing to regret so long as we put meaning into it. So why not make a change?【结构点评】本文先提出两种对立的观点，而后再阐述自己的观点。第一段是第一种人的观点，第二段是第二种人的观点，第三段说明自己的观点，即同意后者的观点。第一段第一句的模板用once要比when好得多。第二句是个非常好的模板句式，它能把持某种观点的人与他们的想法用一句话就说出来。第三句中使用了also，说明这是进一步地说明这种观点。第二段第一句使用了副词otherwise，表示“不一样地”，非常简洁。此段用了一对连接词引出了两点理由。第三段首先包含了一个插入语，其次使用了两个平行的形容词，并用more来加强语气。而后的条件状语从句用两个if连续使用，效果不错，最后以一个反问句结尾，表示建议，非常新颖、活泼。B. 范文My View on Major-hoppingPeoples opinions are always different once they talk about major-hopping. Those who never change their major throughout their life maintain that they have been loving their major for years and dreaming of applying what they have learned to their future work, so whats the point in changing to another major? They also firmly believe that anyone who wants to excel in his specialty has to work hard in the same field for years to acquire the required skill and knowledge. Many people think otherwise. On the one hand, if they are not interested in or satisfied with their major at college, they decide to make a change when they pursue postgraduate studies. On the other hand, they are also likely to make the transition because they want to find a satisfactory job in the future. My own opinion is that major-hopping, in this fast-developing information era, has become more common and acceptable. If we want to keep pace with the times, we have to change for the faster, the higher, and the stronger. If we are sure that the new major fits us better and will add meaning to our life, why cannot we make a new beginning?Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) New Words and Expressions1. embrace: vt. to take up willingly or eagerly乐意地或渴望地从事于2. to avail oneself of: 利用3. in the vanguard: the foremost or leading position in a trend or movement先锋，前驱，在一种趋势或运动中的最前面或领导性的位置4. bio-diesel: n.生物柴油5. fanatical: adj. possessed with or motivated by excessive, irrational zeal狂热的，充满狂热或受不理智的热情所支配的，不理智的，热诚的6. formulate: vt. to devise or invent规划或构想7. formulate strategy: 制定策略8. infrastructure: n.基础设施，社会或社区正常运作所需要的基本设施，服务和安装设备等，如交通与通信系统，水与电力供给线，以及学校、邮局和监狱等公共机构9. dispense: vt. to deal out in parts or portions分配，分发，分成几部分或几份10. pop up: 突然出现11. conglomerate: vt. & vi. (使)聚集12. jump-start: vt. (Informal) to start or set in motion (an otherwise stalled or sluggish activity, system, or process)【非正式用语】推动，使(受阻或缺乏活力的活动，系统，或程序)启动或开始运转13. subsidize: vt. to assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助14. cellulosic: adj.有纤维质的【短文大意】本篇是有关一种新能源以及社会各界对其使用领域看法的文章。美国大众和美国政府采用酒精作为替代能源是源于美国降低对外石油的依赖。联邦政府开始制定政策提高对生物燃料的利用，但开发生物燃料不是一帆风顺的。生物燃料并没有缓解美国目前的燃料不足带来的痛苦，但有人认为痛苦是暂时的。与此同时英国大企业家也宣布要投资酒精生产。1.【答案与详解】 Y。主旨题。本题直接涉及文章的主题，快速阅读的文章应首先看文章的大标题和小标题，确认文章的主题。本文主题有关一种新能源以及社会各界对其使用领域的看法，因此可以判断本题正确。2.【答案与详解】 N。主旨题。本题涉及主题内容，着重考察文章的整体结构。通篇阅读后应该看出，作者重点介绍政府和大众对这个问题的看法，而没有提到自己对这个问题的看法，更谈不上提供支持的例证，因此本题叙述错误。3.【答案与详解】 Y。细节题。原文“Reasons for the change”部分的两段分别谈到了美国大众和美国政府对采用酒精作为替代能源的原因，由此可以看出降低美国对国外石油依赖是一个原因。4.【答案与详解】 NG。细节题。根据“petroleum shortage”确定相关信息应在“Reasons for the change”部分，但是这部分内容没有提到任何与国际局势相关的内容，因此判断为文中未提到此内容。5.【答案与详解】 Y。主旨题。根据“Future”部分第二段“Unfortunately for Mr. Bushs political fortunes, a bio-fuels revolution will not happen in time to ease Americans current pain at the pump.”，可以看出即便有美国政府的支持，生物燃料的发展也不会是一帆风顺的。此题符合文章的内容，同时题目的叙述也符合这部分小标题的概括。6.【答案与详解】 Y。细节题。此题根据专有名词“Britain”定位相关信息在“Future”部分的第四段“But others are persuaded, despite the pains at the beginning stage. If I had to bet $ 100, Id bet on bio-fuels, says Hunter Lovins, ”，并且由这句“Rich investors also believe its growth. Richard Branson, a British entrepreneur who heads the Virgin conglomerate, recently announced plans to invest up to $400 in ethanol production. ”，可以看出来自英国的这位企业家对乙醇的生产还是满怀信心的。7.【答案与详解】 N。细节题。根据题目中“increased scale of producing”可定位相关信息在“growing production”部分的前两段。生物工程技术进步可能提高酒精的生产规模，但对于“bio-diesel”没有影响，因此这个判断错误。8.【答案与详解】 environment and wallets。细节题。根据题目中的“American farms”可以判断相关信息在“Bio-fuels and American farms”部分第一段“Could bio-fuels, in addition to easing the strain on the environment and on wallets, help to save American farms? Some policymakers certainly hold out this dream, ”。通过这几句可以看出决策者相信生物燃料除了能减轻对环境和人们收入的压力外还能够拯救美国的农场。9.【答案与详解】 glorious delusion。细节题。在“Bio-fuels and American farms”部分的第二段“The notion of American farmers defying the tide of capitalism to grow their own fuel is a glorious delusion.”，通过这句话可以看出，这是一种看似很好但却不符合实际的想法。10.【答案与详解】 fuel efficiency and city planning。细节题。这个题目涉及的信息在“Bio-fuels and American farms”部分的最后一段，根据“His organization argues that although American production could rise to 100 billion gallons of bio-fuels by 2050, such changes also need to be combined with improved fuel efficiency and better city planning.”，可以看出为了解决能源问题，燃料利用率和城市规划也要考虑进去。Part Listening ComprehensionA答案与详解Section A 11.【答案与详解】 C。细节推断题。根据女士的话“I thought you wanted to take the 7:30 one.”可以判断是女士误解了男士，所以答案为C。12.【答案与详解】 B。推断题。根据女士的话“How would you like your steak, sir? Well-done or medium?”可推断出她是一名服务员，所以答案为B。13.【答案与详解】 A。推断题。根据女士的话“One never knows about the weather this time of year.”可推断出天气多变，无法预知，所以答案为A。14.【答案与详解】 D。数字计算题。通过对话内容我们可以知道一个碗一美元，两打碗价钱24美元，所以答案为D。15.【答案与详解】 C。细节题。根据女士的话“We found a nice little coffee shop at the end of the street.”可知她们去了一个咖啡店。故C为正确答案。16.【答案与详解】 C。细节题。根据女士的话“Why dont you just get a cake at the bakery?”，“为什么你不到面包店买块蛋糕呢？”，可知C为正确答案。“Why dont you”为表示建议的句型。17.【答案与详解】 A。同义替换题。根据男士的话“That takes a lot of nerve.”，“那需要极大的勇气”，可知：只有A项与此句话同义，所以答案为A。18.【答案与详解】 D。推断题。此题涉及虚拟语气。根据女士的话“I wish he had listened to my advice.”，可推断出Steve并没有听从她的建议，所以答案为D。19.【答案与详解】 C。细节题。根据对话中男士的话“Im doing a survey on how people use the Internet.”，可以知道他正在做一项人们怎样使用因特网的调查。故C为正确答案。20.【答案与详解】 D。细节题。根据对话中女士的话“Most of my time is spent sending and reading e-mails.”，可以知道她花大部分时间发送或阅读邮件。故D为正确答案。21.【答案与详解】 B。数字计算题。根据女士的话“I am on-line about two hours a day. my husband; hes usually on-line for three hours in the evening. Our sonHes allowed to use the Internet two hours on weekdays and four hours on Saturday.”，得出这一家人周一上网时间共计为七小时。22.【答案与详解】 A。推断题。根据“I can still say that I enjoy shopping so I will continue to do most of my shopping in stores rather than on-line.”，可推断出她喜欢去商店而不是网上购物。故A为正确答案。23.【答案与详解】 C。细节题。根据女士的话“Im calling to find out about renting an apartment.”可以知道她想租一个房子。故C为正确答案。24.【答案与详解】 B。细节题。根据对话中男士的话“Rental apartments within walking distance of campus are more expensive.”，可以知道离学校越近的房子房租越贵。故B为正确答案。25.【答案与详解】 A。细节题。根据对话中男士的话“Theyre actually quite nice. It is a one-room apartment with a bathroom. There is a small kitchen area. Usually there is enough room for a sitting area as well as a bed.”，可以知道“studio apartment”由一室、一卫、一厨构成，所以答案为A。Section BPassage One【短文大意】本文主要介绍了各地不同的婚礼风俗。每个国家都有独特的风俗。在印度，婚礼当日娘家送给新娘金首饰，新郎家送新郎新衣服。傍晚婚礼在小楼或者由鲜花做成的围场内举行，婚礼仪式由牧师主持。此时新郎、新娘还有牧师将环桌而坐，桌子上摆放着甜点和由鲜花做成的项链。在牧师身后的标牌上写着“上帝是爱”几个字。接着牧师会进行一个长达一小时的讲话，之后新郎和新娘会把鲜花项链戴在彼此的脖子上并给彼此甜点吃。仪式的最后，这三个人手牵手站成一个圆，共同祈祷上帝对这对新人的祝福。26.【答案与详解】 D。主旨题。根据文章开头的三句话“Wedding customs are different in different countries. Each country or group of people will have its own traditions that are unique. India is a good example.”，可知本文以印度为例，论述了各国不同的婚俗，所以答案为D。27.【答案与详解】 A。细节题。根据“The priest makes a speech that will last as long as an hour. The speech is about marriage and how it is a partnership.”，可以知道牧师讲了一些关于婚姻方面的事情。故A为正确答案。28.【答案与详解】 B。细节题。根据“The speech is about marriage and how it is a partnership. Then the bride and groom put the flower necklaces around each others necks and give each other some of the sweet things to eat.”，可知在牧师讲话之后新郎和新娘互戴鲜花项链，并给彼此甜点吃。故B为正确答案。Passage Two【短文大意】本文主要介绍了Ulysses S. Grant(尤利塞斯)生平。尤利塞斯自从出生以来就没给人留下什么深刻印象。他胆小、害羞，而且懒散。1861年内战爆发，他申请服兵役，因为酗酒被拒绝，之后便开始集中精力组织当地的志愿者。他成功地得到了林肯的重视，被任命为将军，他作战英勇成为北方军的首领和国家英雄。29.【答案与详解】 B。细节题。根据第二句话“As a young boy he was timid, shy, and tended to be lazy.”，我们可以了解Grant是个怯懦、害羞并且有点懒惰的男孩。30.【答案与详解】 D。细节题。根据“he became the best horseman at the academy.”得知他在学院的马术比赛中表现突出。31.【答案与详解】 A。细节题。根据“he began to concentrate on organizing the local volunteers. His efforts were very successful and brought him to the attention of Abe Lincoln.”，我们可以得知他在组织当地志愿者工作中吸引了林肯的注意。Passage Three【短文大意】本文主要介绍了海边动植物的生存情况，两种因素将决定哪些动植物能生活在海岸：气温和日照量。其生存环境有三种：泥潭、海边的沙滩和海岸的礁石。在泥潭中水流较缓，通常生活着非常微小的动植物；在海边的沙滩上水流较快，当退潮时小的植物往往就成为了小动物的食物；而在海岸的礁石上生存的动植物要远超过前两种，但生活在那里的动植物必须克服海浪的冲击和拍打。32.【答案与详解】 B。细节判断题。根据第二句话“They live under the water for part of the day.”，可以知道他们一天中部分时间会呆在水里。由此可以看出B项错误。33.【答案与详解】 A。细节题。根据“Sandy beaches are not as still as mudflats because water moves more quickly.”，可以知道沙滩上水流要比泥潭快，由此可以看出两者之间的差别。34.【答案与详解】 C。细节题。根据“Plants such as seaweed come from rocky shores”得知岸边礁石可以生长一些海藻植物。35.【答案与详解】 D。细节题。根据“Birds, for example, do fly along the seacoast looking for food.”，我们可以知道鸟沿着海岸飞的原因是寻找食物。Section C 【短文大意】本文主要介绍了纽约女警官Cook营救一个企图跳楼的人。1999年，一男子蜷缩在32层楼几寸远的边缘上，威胁要跳楼。纽约的警官们试图与他交谈并使其回到楼内，但没有得到回应。于是他们立即请来了Cook，当Cook了解到他是聋子，便用手语和他交流。15分钟后他回到楼内，Cook用拥抱给了他安慰。When Officer Elizabeth Cook arrived at the 32-story building in April, 1999, a man was crouched inches from the edge, (36) threatening to leap.New York City police officers had tried to talk to him and make him come into the building but got no (37) response. Then they sent for Cook. She spends her days keeping (38) track of evidence in a windowless police property room. But the man was deaf and (39) mute, and Cook was was (40) fluent in sign language.Cook hit her ring on a metal (41) pipe, hoping the slight continuous (42) shaking movement would get his attention.“Im here to help you,” she (43) signed. “Tell me what happened.”After several minutes the man responded. (44) “My girlfriend died in a car accident last week,” he said, gesturing with his hands.“Im very sorry,” she replied.In her 14 years as a police officer, Cook had never studied crisis negotiation. But (45) her 30-year-old brother was born deaf, and she recognized that not being able to hear can lead to great loneliness.She listened to the would-be jumpers grief. (46) Slowly, she tried to show him that he had the power to change his life. She reminded him of friends and relatives who loved him.After 15 minutes he glanced over the edge, then climbed back inside. Cook put a comforting arm around him.BScript of Unit 1 Section A11. M: Did you make a reservation on the 8:00 flight for me? W: I thought you wanted to take the 7:30 one. Its too late to change now. Q: Whats the problem?12. W: How would you like your steak, sir? Well-done or medium? M: Rare, please. Oh, Id like to see the wine list. Q: What is the womans job?13. M: How come you brought your umbrella? W: One never knows about the weather this time of year. Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: How much are those blue plates and bowls? M: The plate is one and half dollars, and the bowl is one dollar each. Q: How much will the woman pay if she buys two dozen bowls?15. M: Where did you go last night? W: We found a nice little coffee shop at the end of the street. Q: Where did the woman go?16. M: I have to take a dish to a potluck, but Im a terrible cook. Maybe Ill just stay home. W: Why dont you just get a cake at the bakery? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?17. W: Bill climbed up on the steep roof to rescue the cat. M: That takes a lot of nerve. Q: What does the man mean?18. M: Why does Steve look so tired and depressed? W: He failed his chemistry exam. I wish he had listened to my advice. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Now youll hear two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Excuse me. Do you have a few minutes to answer some questions?W: What about?M: Im doing a survey on how people use the Internet.W: Well, sure, I can answer a few questions.M: First of all, do you have a computer at home?W: Yes. In fact we have two computers, one for me and my husband and another one that our son uses.M: I see. Are both computers connected to the Internet?W: Yes.M: How much time would you say that the three of you spend on-line?W: Most of my time is spent sending and reading e-mails. I think that I am on-line about two hours a day. On the other hand, my husband spends a lot of his free time reading the news and checking sports scores; hes usually on-line for three hours in the evening. Our son loves to play computer games and we have to limit his time. Hes allowed to use the Internet two hours on weekdays and four hours on Saturday.M: Do you ever shop on-line?W: I actually prefer to check what I buy. Lately, though, Ive been too busy to do much shopping and I have bought some gifts for friends on-line.M: Have you enjoyed that experience?W: Well, it certainly saved time and I was pleased with what I bought. However, I can still say that I enjoy shopping so I will continue to do most of my shopping in stores rather than on-line.M: Well, thanks for your time. Goodbye.W: Youre welcome. Bye.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is the man doing?20. What does the woman do on-line?21. How many hours altogether is the family on-line on Monday?22. What does the woman say about shopping?Conversation TwoM: Hello. Century Properties!W: Hello. Is this Century Real Estate?M: Yes, thats right. May I help you?W: Im calling to find out about renting an apartment. My name is May Johnson.M: Yes, Ms. Johnson, what kind of apartment are you looking for?W: Im a student, so I would like something near the university. Im hoping to find a one-bedroom apartment thats not too expensive.M: Of course, thats a popular area. Youll have to pay a little more the closer you get to the university. Do you drive or will you be depending on public transportation?W: I do drive but Im hoping to be able to walk to campus.M: That makes it a bit difficult. Rental apartments within walking distance of campus are more expensive. However, if you would be happy with a studio apartment, it would be easier to find one that is not too expensive.W: Just what is a studio apartment?M: Theyre actually quite nice. It is a one-room apartment with a bathroom. There is a small kitchen area. Usually there is enough room for a sitting area as well as a bed.W: That sounds okay. How much is it?M: Its $250 a month. There is one on Hawthorne Street.W: That sounds perfect. When can I see it?M: Ill meet you there this afternoon at 2 if you like.W: Great. See you then.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What does Ms. Johnson want?24. Which apartments are more expensive?25. What is a studio apartment?Section BPassage OneWedding customs are different in different countries. Each country or group of people will have its own traditions that are unique. India is a good example. In India, on the day of the wedding, the bride is given gold jewelry by her family. The groom is given new clothes by his family. The new clothes and jewelry are part of the Indian tradition. The ceremony usually takes place in the early evening in a small building or enclosure made out of flowers. A priest from the Hindu religion performs the ceremony. The bride, the groom, and the priest sit around a small table inside the enclosure. The table is covered with sweet things to eat and necklaces made from flowers. Behind the priest is a sign that says, “God is love.” The priest makes a speech that will last as long as an hour. The speech is about marriage and how it is a partnership. Then the bride and groom put the flower necklaces around each others necks and give each other some of the sweet things to eat. At the end of the ceremony all three of the people in the enclosure hold hands and pray that God will bless the marriage.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?27. What does the priest talk about?28. What happens after the speech?Passage Two From the day he was born in 1822, Ulysses S. Grant impressed few people. As a young boy he was timid, shy, and tended to be lazy. Few things excited him except horses. At the age of 18, much to the surprise of many people in his hometown of Point Pleasant, Ohio, Grant was appointed to West Point. Because Grant was not aggressive in any way, nor did he enjoy active sports, it was to his credit that he became the best horseman at the academy. The same was not true of his studies. He graduated in 1843 at the lower ranks of his class. In 1861, one year after he moved to Galena, the Civil War broke out and Grant applied for service. Because of his drinking, he was turned down. Bored and aimless, he began to concentrate on organizing the local volunteers. His efforts were very successful and brought him to the atte