定语从句特殊考点.doc

定语从句 *拨高篇*我们已经学过定从的基本考点，现在针对性地来学习特殊现象和难点。一、特殊关系代词1.常用关系代词有 that，which，who（m），whose2.as 也可作关代。 但是 ：先行词必须有 such 和 the same 或用于as / soas 结构 Such teacher as he knows are all kind to him.I want to know the same pen as you are using.Let students read such books as will make them learn more knowledge.He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.【注意】the same as结构中，后面为定从时，可换为that，指“同一个”3. As也可引导非限定从，待主句整个内容或部分内容。它引导的从句，主句前后都可放She was quite right, as Harry soon discovered.As is known to us all, China is a developing country.As we all know, the earth is round.4. 作介词宾语时，关代的位置。1 关代whom，which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。(例句一)为使关代紧跟它所修饰的N，也可把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面（例句二）例句一：The athlete to whom you talked is a famous long-distance runner.例句二：The person whom you talked to is a famous athlete.2 含介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面Is this the watch which he is looking for?3 关代that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能再在他的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面The city that she lives in is very far away.对比The city in which she lives is very far away.4 关代whose也可在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起做介词宾语The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.2、 关系副词的用法中需要注意的点1 表时间的先行词在从句中作S 或 O 时，不能用whenHis aunt is going to Beijing in October , which is the best season there.(which指october） 从句主语I never forget the days （that/which）I spent with your family.(that/which 指days) 从句宾语2 It is the first time 从句中，that时惯用法，不用whenIt is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.3 When有时可省，l 特别是当它的先行词是介词短语中的词He died on the days (when) his son arrived.In the days (when) the painter was in the countryside, he learned a lot.But help never stopped coming from the day (when) she was ill. 主句宾语l 先行词为：next time,the first time, the second time,by the time, any time , each time ,every time,the moment, all the time,the day ,the week ,the month ,the year等，后面的定从常省略whenBy the time (when) he was ten , he had already built a chemistry lab for himself.The cat burned her paw each time (when) she pull a nut(核桃) out.Im thinking about you all the time（when）you are away.4. that可代替关系副词的特殊情况5. Why指原因，引导的从句专门修饰reason.可用that / for which替换或者省略。The reason why he was late was that his wife was ill.I dont know the reason why he was late.I dont know the reason that he was late.I dont know the reason for which he was late.I dont know the reason he was late.当先行词时way时，连词用that/in which或不用连词： This is the way that he did it.This is the way in which he did it.This is the way he did it.3、 定语从句主谓一致 1. 关代作从句主语时 ：从句V的人称和数和先行词一致The record that has been given to me is homemade.2. 先行词为“ One of + 复数名词”时：l 从句V= 复数：He is one of the students who have made great progress.l The only ,the very 修饰该结构时，从句V= 单数：Lee is the only one of the students who knows me.4、 易混点1 ：只用who，而不用that1. 先行词是I, you ,he ,they (常用于谚语中)He who plays with fire gets burned.2. 先行词指特定的人时：The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers sister.注意不指特定的人时用that，People that have not been properly trained cant do this kind of work.6、 易混点3 ：是用“关系代词”还是“关系副词”？That 和which在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when和where时间状语和地点状语。l 如果从句中缺少S或O，应选用that 或which；l 如果从句中不缺主语和宾语，则根据先行词是时间名词还是地点名词来选择用when 或where试比较：Soon we got to the factory that/which made toys.Soon we got to the factory where toys were made.EXE.They want very much to visit Beijing, is the capital of china.They want very much to visit Beijing, there are many well-known places of interest.They want very much to visit Beijing, they visited for the firt time five years ago.7、 易混点4 ：分隔定语从句定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来，这种定语从句称为分隔定语从句。此时须注意辨别从句的先行词到底是哪个。The days are gone when we suffered so such.The boss of the company ,whose name is Mike told the story.8、 易混点5 ：time后接定语从句的情况l 表示次数时， 用that (可省略)l 表示一段时间时，用when,at/during whichThis is the second time （that） the President has visited the country.This was at a time when / during which there were no radio, no telephones or TV sets.9、 There be 句型中的定语从句当主句是there