福州长乐国际机场口岸蝇类种群分布及季节消长调查.doc

福州长乐国际机场蝇类种群分布及季节消长调查林 峰 福建出入境检验检疫局福州机场办事处张述铿 福建出入境检验检疫局保健中心 徐保海 福建省疾病预防控制中心 摘要 目的调查长乐国际机场蝇类的种群分布与季节消长，掌握口岸蝇类本底资料。方法 采用捕蝇笼诱捕法，于2005年7月至2006年6月份进行诱捕蝇类调查，每旬一次，以平均诱获蝇数计算种群密度（只/笼*日）。结果共捕获蝇类20342只,隶属于5科44属81种,大头金蝇是口岸的优势蝇种，占全部捕获蝇数的49.2 0%。其它依次为东方芒蝇(17.90%)、家蝇(17.43%)、市蝇(4.47%)。其中半透优毛蝇为福建省在沿海地区首次捕获。蝇类全年平均密度为23.54,从5月份开始上升，9月份最高为107.82，10月份后开始下降,12月份为零。结论 福州长乐国际机场2005年蝇类全年平均密度为23.54较1997年全年平均密度94.08有明显下降4，主要是大量消灭了口岸蝇类孳生地以及机场卫生设施条件的改善；本次调查为今后搞好机场蝇类防制工作提供了可靠依据。关键词： 蝇类 笼诱捕法 种群分布 季节消长 密度A Survey of the Distribution and Density Growth and Decline of Musca Species in Fuzhou Changle International Airport Lin Feng Zhang ShuKeng Xu BaoHai (The Airport Branch of Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau 350209)Abstract Objective To investigate the species distribution and the growth and decline of all kinds of adult fly density in seasons so that to understand their background data in Fuzhou Changle International Airport. Method Applying fly cage to catch flies, investigating the number and kinds of them once in ten days for one year(2005.72006.6) and observating an average catching fly (number/cage/day). Results It shows that the adult flies 20342 found belonged to 5 families 44 genera, 81 species. Among them,the ratio: Chrysomya megacephala 48.20%,the highest, a majority kind; Musca domestica vicina17.90%,the second; Atherigona orientalis and Musca sorbens got the ratio of 17.43% and 4.47% respectively. The higher density index of musca species began from May, decline down from October. Average year density index of adult fly was 23.54 flies/cage/day, the highest 107.82 flies/cage/day in September, the zero flies/cage/day in January and February. Conclusion This investigation conclusion shows that the average year density index 23.54 compared with the density index 94.08 of 1997 had decline remarked. The fly density index continues declining down over the past years. Its main reasons in the changing and improving of the instruction in the respective prevention measures. This survey has laid a solid foundation for the control of flies in airport correctly in the future. Key WORDS: Musca, cage-catch, component distribution, density index, seasonal growth and decline.蝇类是肠道传染病的重要传播媒介，其密度指数和季节消长情况与肠道传染病的传播和流行有着密切关系。为了解福州长乐国际机场口岸蝇类的本底调查情况，以期对蝇类的防制及控制口岸肠道传染病传播提供生态依据，自2005年7月2006年6月对口岸的蝇类进行了本底调查。现将调查结果报告如下：1.自然生境概况福州长乐国际机场位于东经 119039 ，北纬25056地处福州市南部，距离福州市区约50公里，滨临海岸。常年平均气温 18.30C。年平均相对湿度79%。气候温和，雨量充沛。2调查方法21选择调查点：根据机场的不同生境，选择候机楼、货运站、食品加工厂、职工生活区、酒店、修理厂、大鹤村、码头、市场9个调查点。22调查方法：采用捕蝇笼诱捕法，以臭鱼虾、水果、剩饭等为诱饵。每旬调查一次。上午9：00布笼，次日上午9：00收回。为尽可能真实反映本地区蝇种分布状况，在笼捕的基础上；在每旬、每个生境均补充网捕采集。标本采回后，采用冰冻处死，然后进行插针整形，做好标签并进行分类鉴定和登记。3调查结果31 种群分布 共捕获蝇类20342只，经分类鉴定为5科44属81种。其名录如下：蝇科 MUSCIDAE 家蝇属 MMusca Linnaeususca Linnaeus家蝇 Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758市蝇 Musca sorbens Wiedemann,1830 逐畜家蝇 Musca conducens Walker,1860带纹家蝇 Musca confiscata Speiser,1924突额家蝇 Musca convexifrons Thomson,1869肥喙家蝇 Musca crassirostris Stein,1903腐蝇属 Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830厩腐蝇 Muscina stabulans (Fallen,1823)综蝇属Synthesiomyia Brauer et Bergenstamm,1893 裸芒综蝇 Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Van der Wulp,1883)齿股蝇属 Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy,1830斑跖齿股蝇Ophyra chalcogaster Wiedemann,1824优毛蝇属 Eudasyphora Townsend,1911半透优毛蝇 Endasyphora Semilutea Malloch，1923蛰蝇属 Stomoxys Geoffroy厩蛰蝇 Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus南蛰蝇 Stomoxys sitiens Pondani翠蝇属 Neomyia Walker 印度翠蝇 Neomyia indica Robineau-Desvoidy黑斑翠蝇 Neomyia lauta Wiedemann紫翠蝇 Neomyia garisa Walker芒蝇属 Atherigona Rondani,1856钝突芒蝇 Atherigona crassibifurca, Fan et Lin裸跖芒蝇 Atherigona falcate Thomoson东方芒蝇 Atherigona orientalis Schiner,1868高粱芒蝇 Atherigona soccata Rondani, 1871毛跖芒蝇 Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1925妙蝇属 Myospila Rondani双色妙蝇 Myospila bina Wiedemann短盾妙蝇 Myospila breviscutellata Xue et Kuang,comb.nov.1992扁头妙蝇Myospila lenticeps Thomson, 1869纹蝇属 Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy,1830疏斑纹蝇 Graphomya paucimaculata Ouchi,1938池蝇属 Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 端鬃池蝇 Limnophora apiciseta Emden,1965斑板池蝇 Limnophora exigua (Wiedemann,1830)隐斑池蝇 Limnophora fallax fallax Stein,1920溜蝇属 Lispe Latreille,1796黄跖溜蝇 Lispe kowarzi Becker,1903白点溜蝇 Lispe leucospila (Wiedemann,1830)东方溜蝇 Lispe orientalis Wiedemann,1830瘦须溜蝇 Lispe pygmaea Fallen,1825肖溜蝇 Lispe assimilis Wiedemann,1824秽蝇属 Coenosia Meigen,1826瘦弱秽蝇 Coenosia attenuata Stein,1902缘秽蝇属 Orchisia Rondani,1877黑缘秽蝇 Orchisia costata (Meigen,1826)尾秽蝇属 Pygophora Schiner,1868露尾秽蝇Pygophora confusa Stein,1915 净翅尾秽蝇 Pygophora immaculipennis Frey,1917裸池蝇属Brontaea Kowarz,1873升斑裸池蝇 Brontaea ascendens (Stein,1915)黑灰裸池蝇 Brontaea nigrogrisea Karl,1939重毫蝇属 Dichaetomyia Malloch,1921铜腹重毫蝇 Dichaetomyia bibax (Wiedemann,1830)阳蝇属 Helina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830六斑阳蝇 Helina sexmaculata (Preyssler,1791)厕蝇科 FANNIIDAE厕蝇属 Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 元厕蝇 Fannia prisca Stein,1918白纹厕蝇 Fannia leucosticta (Meigen,1826)8丽蝇科CALLIPHORIDAE绿蝇属 Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830铜绿蝇 Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann,1830紫绿蝇 Lucilia porphyrina (Walker,1857)丝光绿蝇 Lucilia sericata Meigen,1826海南绿蝇 Lucilia hainanensis Fan 1965带绿蝇属 Hemipyrellia Townsend,1918瘦叶带绿蝇 Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann,1830）阿丽蝇属 Aldrichina Townsend,1934巨尾阿丽蝇 Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich,1930)裸变丽蝇属 Gymnadichosia Villenenve,1927黄足裸变丽蝇 Gymnadichosia pusilla Villeneuve,1927盂蝇属 Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830盗盂蝇Bengalia latro de Meijere,1910 裸金蝇属Achoetandrus Bezzi,1927 绯颜裸金蝇 Achoetandrus rufifacies Macquart,1843金蝇属 Chrysomya Robineau-Desovidy,1830 蛆症金蝇 Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve,1914大头金蝇 Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius,1784)鼻彩蝇属 Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy,1830鬃尾鼻彩蝇 Rhyncomya setipyga Villeneuve,1929鼻蝇属 Rhinia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 黄褐鼻蝇 Rhinia apicalis (Wiedemann,1830)口鼻蝇属 Stomorhina Rondani,1861不显口鼻蝇 Stomorhina obsoleta (Wiedemann,1830)黄腹口鼻蝇Stomorhina xanthogaster (Wiedemann,1820)花蝇科ANTHOMYIIDAE花蝇属Anthomyia Meigen,1803 横带花蝇 Authomyia illocata Walker,1856海花蝇属Fucellia Robineau-Desvoidy,1841 黑斑海花蝇 Fucellia apicalis Kertesz,1908中华海花蝇Fucellia chinensis Kertesz,1908地种蝇属 Delia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830灰地种蝇 Delia platura (Meigen,1826)泉蝇属 Pegomya Robinean-Desvoidy武夷泉蝇 Pegomya wuyiensis Fan et Huan纤目花蝇属Lasiomma Stein,1916扭叶纤目花蝇 Lasiomma pectinicrus Hennig,1968麻蝇科 SAROPHAGIDAC析麻蝇属 Blaesoxipha Loew,1861亚非析麻蝇 Blaesoxipha rufipes (Macquart,1838)台湾析麻蝇 Blaesoxipha formosana Baranov黑麻蝇属Helicophagella Enderlein,1928 黑尾黑麻蝇Helicophagella melanura Meigen,1826缅麻蝇属 Burmanomyia Fan,1964松毛虫缅麻蝇Burmanomyia beesoni (Senior-White,1924)细麻蝇属 Pierretia Robineau-Desvoidy,1863杯细麻蝇 Pierretia calcifera (Boettcher,1912)鸡尾细麻蝇Pierretia caudagalli (Boettcher,1912)别麻蝇属 Boettcherisca Rohdendorf,1937棕尾别麻蝇 Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)鬃麻蝇属Sarcorohdendorfia Baranov,1938 羚足鬃麻蝇 Sarcorohdendorfia antilope (Bottcher,1913)辛麻蝇属 Seniorwhitea Rohdendorf,1937 拟东方辛麻蝇 Seniorwhitea reciproca (Walker,1856)钩麻蝇属 Harpagophalla Rohdendorf,1937曲突钩麻蝇 Harpagophalla kempi (Senior-White,1924)亚麻蝇属 Parasarcophaga Johnston et Tiegs,1921 白头亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga albiceps Meigen,1826短角亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga brevicornis (Ho,1934）酱亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga dux Thomson,1868黄须亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga misera Walker,1849秉氏亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga Pingi (Ho,1934)褐须亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga sericea Walker,1852野亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga similis Meade,1876叉形亚麻蝇 Parasarcophaga scopariiformis (Senior-White,1927)多突亚麻蝇Parasarcophaga polystylata (Ho,1934)3.2 种群结构 在福州机场口岸的蝇类岸优势种中大头金蝇最多，占种群总数的49.20%；其次为东方芒蝇占17.90%、家蝇占17.13 %；市蝇占4.47%。（见表1）表1 福州机场口岸蝇类种群构成 蝇种 捕蝇数（只） 构成比（%） 大头金蝇 10009 49.20东方芒蝇 3642 17.90家蝇 3546 17.43市蝇 909 4.47巨尾阿丽蝇 358 1.76铜绿蝇 352 1.73横带花蝇 339 1.67丝光绿蝇 192 0.94其它 995 4.89 合计 20342 100.00 3.3 蝇类密度及季节消长 福州机场口岸的年平均蝇密度为23.54只/笼，（表2）从蝇类季节消长图上来看，福州机场口岸的蝇类密度从5月份开始上升，9月最高为107.82只/笼，11月份后开始下降。（图2）表2 福州长乐国际机场口岸蝇类密度 调查月份 捕获只数密度(只/笼) 123456789101112001750019129961684131977633956211084000.246.9426.5613.8323.3918.32107.8254.9629.311.17合计2034223.54 图 13.4 不同生境蝇密度比较 福州机场口岸不同生境中平均蝇密度不同。其中以居民区平均蝇密度最高，为70.97只/笼；其次为生活区和工作区，分别为18.57只/笼、12.99只/笼。（表3）表