HistoryoftheAtom原子的历史.doc

History of the Atom Introduction All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. These atoms are so small that, in order to begin to see the atoms that make up a drop of water we would have to blow it up to a size of 15 miles across! These atoms are in turn made of even smaller particles called protons, neutron and electrons. Everything that matter is and everything that matter does can be explained by the behavior of atoms! How have scientists come to understand these particles we cannot see? How has this understanding changed and evolved over time? And what remains to be discovered? In a way, the scientists who have unraveled the properties of the atom have been like detectives solving parts of a mystery with new mysteries arising out of every discovery.Your TaskYou will work as a group of one or two to research the scientists and experiments that have lead to our current understanding of the atom and its properties. You will work in your group to find information on at least 5 scientists. Your group will research, and report on, the following-A. Biography: When did this scientist live? What was his or her education and background? How did the views of the scientific community influence their views and work? B. Discovery: What discovery is this scientist noted for? Thompson, Rutheford and Millikan are each noted for a landmark experiment what was it and what did it prove? C. Timeline: How did this discovery change our view of the atom or its properties? How did it influence future research? Each group will prepare a 1 2 page paper and will present one of their scientists to the class with the results of their research. You may use posters, demonstrations or any other visual you choose. Presentations should be between two five minutes, and no longer than five minutes.Each group will prepare a single poster to contribute to a class timeline of the discovery of the atom. Each poster in the timeline will note the date or period of the discovery, the major character and the advancement in our understanding of the atom that is associated with your 5 scientists.Finally, each group will prepare a report of their research on the biography, discovery and timeline of their topic. Just hit the major points! This task may be divided between group members but you must make the final product look like a single report not a cut and paste of two reports.A note on sources: All sources must be cited. Your report must cite at least two sources and include a bibliography. Do not just cut and paste from an internet site!Resources: The following resources should get you started. Questions in each area are provided as guides your report should answer these questions. In addition, use search engines on the internet to find additional data and the hard copy resources available through the media center.Each group should review the following sites:A discussion of the scientific process as detective work:/chem121/class/chemproj/typereasoning/holmruth.htmA timeline of the atom:http:/www.watertown.k12.wi.us/hs/teachers/buescher/atomtime.aspSites and guidelines for your task: 1. Early History of the atom:http:/www.watertown.k12.wi.us/hs/teachers/buescher/atomtime.asphttp:/www.chem.ualberta.ca/courses/plambeck/p101.new/p01021.htm(Information on John Dalton and his theories)What were the views of the Greek philosophers ideas of theories? What is the difference?/chem121/class/chemproj/typereasoning/holmruth.htm(see Holmes and Rutheford for a good analysis of theory vs. opinion)What were John Daltons theories? How did he arrive at his conclusions? What is the significance of Daltons work?For this task do the biography of John Dalton only and focus on how he changed our view of the atom.2. Rutheford and the Atomic Nucleus/electromag/java/rutherford/http:/dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/AtomicStructure/Rutherford-Model.htmlhttp:/www.watertown.k12.wi.us/hs/teachers/buescher/atomtime.asp(Applet showing gold foil experiment conducted by Geiger and Mardsen)Describe the gold foil experiment? What did Rutherford expect to see?Why did the results surprise Rutheford? How did this experiment change the view of the atom developed by Thompson?3. Thompson and the discovery of the electron/history/electron/http:/www.watertown.k12.wi.us/hs/teachers/buescher/atomtime.asp/faculty/giunta/thomson1897.htmlhttp:/dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/AtomicStructure/Thomson-Model-Intro.htmlWhat experiments did Thompson conduct? What was he investigating?What hypothesis did Thompson develop based on his experiments?What was Thompsons model of the atom?Why were Thompsons results controversial?What further research was needed?How has our understanding of the electron changed since Thomson and Millikan?4. Robert Millikans Oil Drop Experimenthttp:/www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html/19662/low/eng/biog-millikan.html(Biography of Robert Millikan)http:/dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/AtomicStructure/Determine-electron-charge.htmlhttp:/www.bun.falkenberg.se/gymnasium/amnen/fysik/millikaneng.htmlWhat was Millikans experiment? Did his experiment support the theory of the electron?How did Millikans experiment solve the problem that Thompson could not?How has our understanding of the electron changed since Thomson and Millikan?5. Marie Curie, Henri Bequerel and Radioactivity/AE/AEC/CC/historical_background.htmlhttp:/www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-bio.htmlhttp:/www.watertown.k12.wi.us/hs/teachers/buescher/atomtime.asp/history/curie/resbr1.htmWhat radioactive element did Bequerel discover? How did Bequerel observe the property of radioactivity?Who was M. Curies research partner?What radioactive elements did M. Curie discover?What is radioactivity?How can an element change its identity?What is a hal