语法之定语从句.doc

定语从句 定语从句定义：作定语作用，放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面的从句称为定语从句。分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，连接先行词与从句之间的关系代词或关系副词常用的有who, whom, which, that, whose (of which), when, where, why.判断关系代词的用法依据：一， 当修饰的名词代表人或物1. 所修饰的是人还是物(一般修饰人用who和that，修饰物用which和that)2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，相当于并列句， 也可代指主句整句话。修饰人和物只可用who，whom和which，不用that，不可省略）e.g. I want this man, who can speak English.e.g. They gave up the plan, which was a very good one.e.g. Betty lost her teddy bear, which made her sad.3. 根据它在从句中所充当的是主语，宾语，还是表语。 （1）限制性定语从句中修饰人，作主语，用who或that；作宾语，用who，whom或that，此时可以省略；当作表语时，只用that。 e.g. He is not the man that he was. （2）限制性定语从句中修饰物，做主语，用which或that；作宾语，用which或that，此时that可以省略；作表语，只用that。 e.g. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 4. 限制性定语从句中以下情况只能用that，作宾语时that可省略。 （1）当先行词是不定代词（some，any，every，no及其复合词，all，no one，one，none，each，other，another，either，neither，many，much，few，little，both，half，a lot of a great many plenty of a large number of等表示很多的词组，only，very） e.g. All that live must die. e.g. Do you have anything ( that ) you want to say for yourself? e.g. This is the very book (that) Im looking for. （2）当先行词既有人又有物的时候： e.g. He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. （3）主句中有最高级或序数词时： e.g. This is the best that has been used against the pollution. e.g. The train is the last that will go to Shanghai. e.g. What is the first American film (that) you have seen. (4) 表示物体固有的特点： e.g. There is a house that has green windows. （5）当主句是疑问句时： e.g. which is the bike (that) you have lost? （6）当有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用which，另一个适宜用that, 反之亦然。 e.g. They built up a small factory which produced things that can cause pollution.5.限制性定语从句中修饰人只用who或whom,修饰物只用which，不用that. (1) 先行词是those 加名词： e.g. He admires those who looks beautiful.e.g. Please throw away those rotten apples which have been kept in the fridge for two months. (2)从句中介词前置，人一般用whom 物用which： e.g. This is the factory in which we worked. e.g. This is the book for which I have asked. = This is the book (which/that) I have asked for. e.g. This is the person for whom I bought birthday present. 不定时用法：The poor man has no house in which to live. = the old man has no house to live in.注意由于一些动词与介词是固定搭配，所以不可分割：This is the pen (which)I am looking for. （3）名词与关系代词离得远 e.g. Mary told her daughter the story of the young man which her mother told her when she was a child. 二当先行词表示时间，地点，所属，原因等用when（on which或that），where（in which），whose（of which）, why(for which) 注意用介词与不用介词的区别 e.g. Do you remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qindao. = Do you remember the days (that) we spent in Qindao.句中先行词the days在从句中是spent的宾语 e.g. Do you remember the day when first met. =Do you remember the day on which we first met. e.g. They went to the cinema where they saw “Titanic”. = They went to the cinema in which they saw “Titanic”. e.g. I like the room whose windows are blue. =I like the room of which windows are blue. e.g. He refused to tell me the reason why he did it. I dont believe the reason (that) you told me.三， the way后面用in which或that，that可以省略。 e.g. The way in which/(that) you answered the question was easy to understand. 四先行词是stage point case situation等表示阶段，情况，形势等含有模糊地点含义的词关系代词用where。 e.g. He has reached the point where a change is needed.五，习惯用语1. Please do the job as he told you to. He will do anything (that) his mother asks him to.2.以as开头的习惯用语（常用于被动语态，省略形式主语it） as (it) is known to all/everybody众所周知 as everybody can see as we had expected as (it) often happens as (it) has been said before as (it) is mentioned above如同前面提到的e.g. The book is not such as I expected.e.g. As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth once a month. =what is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth once a month.(划线部分是主语从句而非定语从句)e.g. He is not the same as he was.六，sothat和suchthat 如此以至于