英语阅读在中学英语教学中有着十分重要的地位.doc

螆肀荿芇蚂聿聿薂薈聿膁莅袇肈芃薁螃肇莆莃虿膆肅蕿薅螂膈莂蒁螂莀薇袀螁肀蒀螆螀膂蚆蚂蝿芄蒈薈螈莇芁袆螇肆蒇螂袆腿艿蚈袆芁蒅薄袅羁芈薀袄膃薃衿袃芅莆螅袂莇薁蚁袁肇莄薇袀腿薀蒃羀节莃螁罿羁薈蚇羈肄莁蚃羇芆蚆蕿羆莈葿袈羅肈节螄羄膀蒇蚀羄芃芀薆肃羂蒆蒂肂肅艿螀肁膇蒄螆肀荿芇蚂聿聿薂薈聿膁莅袇肈芃薁螃肇莆莃虿膆肅蕿薅螂膈莂蒁螂莀薇袀螁肀蒀螆螀膂蚆蚂蝿芄蒈薈螈莇芁袆螇肆蒇螂袆腿艿蚈袆芁蒅薄袅羁芈薀袄膃薃衿袃芅莆螅袂莇薁蚁袁肇莄薇袀腿薀蒃羀节莃螁罿羁薈蚇羈肄莁蚃羇芆蚆蕿羆莈葿袈羅肈节螄羄膀蒇蚀羄芃芀薆肃羂蒆蒂肂肅艿螀肁膇蒄螆肀荿芇蚂聿聿薂薈聿膁莅袇肈芃薁螃肇莆莃虿膆肅蕿薅螂膈莂蒁螂莀薇袀螁肀蒀螆螀膂蚆蚂蝿芄蒈薈螈莇芁袆螇肆蒇螂袆腿艿蚈袆芁蒅薄袅羁芈薀袄膃薃衿袃芅莆螅袂莇薁蚁袁肇莄薇袀腿薀蒃羀节莃螁罿羁薈蚇羈肄莁蚃羇芆蚆蕿羆莈葿袈羅肈节螄羄膀蒇蚀羄芃芀薆肃羂蒆蒂肂肅艿螀肁膇蒄螆肀荿芇蚂聿聿薂薈聿膁莅袇肈芃薁螃肇莆莃虿膆肅蕿薅螂膈莂蒁螂莀薇袀螁肀 赵秀霞老师： 您好！你的以下文章见地深刻，条理清晰，在实际的教学实践中有很强的可操作性，本培训中心拟将之选入资源库作业集。以下是译文，请你参考。阅读技能复习备考计划The program of reading skill and review for exam英语阅读在中学英语教学中有着十分重要的地位。在我国的基础教育中，提高学生的英语阅读能力是中学英语教学的重要目标之一，英语阅读是中学生英语学习的重要内容手段。但是学生英语阅读目前还存在以下特点：（1）学生英语阅读受外部动力驱使的因素较大，阅读计划性不强；（2）大多数学生英语阅读时需要借助汉语思维，较多运用词、句意分析、推理判断等策略，但句子结构分析能力较差，推理判断能力有待提高；（3）学生有阅读自己感兴趣材料的愿望，但还没有建立起真正意义上的英语阅读；（4）学生期盼教师传授阅读方法，训练阅读技巧。Reading comprehension has a very important position in english teaching in middle school. In our basic education, improving students english reading ability is one of important goals of english teaching. For students in middle school, english reading is an important matter and means of learning english. However, at present there are some problems for students reading as follows: (1) English reading is usually driven by external factors, instead of their own firm reading program; (2) Most students need the help of chinese thinking while reading english, and more utilizing the strategy of the analysis of word, sentence and consequence, but the analysis ability of the sentence structure is poor, and the ability of reasoning and judgement needs to be improved; (3) The students have desire of reading the articles in which they are interested, but they havent established a true sense of the english reading; (4 ) Students are looking forward to being trained by the teachers for reading methods and reading skills.事实上，阅读理解是要求学生利用英语语言获取、接受或评价别人的观点并分析相关问题的综合能力。要具备这种综合能力，学生需要在以下几个方面做出In fact, reading comprehension is the comprehensive ability to require students to use english language to acquire, accept or evaluate the views of others and analyze the relative questions. To have such a comprehensive ability, students need to make efforts in the following areas:一、 增加词汇量词汇量偏低是制约学生阅读速度的瓶颈。如果考生只满足于记住课本以内的词汇和用法，甚至连课本上的词汇都要大打折扣，怎么能适应大容量、快节奏的高考阅读要求？因此，扩大常用词汇必须成为我们英语教学中一项常抓不懈的工作。扩充词汇主要有三个渠道：精读、泛读、构词。在课本教学时要特别重视对学生词汇的考查，要通过听写、替换、造句等手段，促使学生首先记住课本上的基本词汇。其次教师要重视学生的泛读教学，通过补充大量英语课外读物，让学生在阅读中复习词汇、巩固词汇、增加词汇，并将补充词汇纳入考查范围之内。适当教给学生一些基本的构词知识有助于学生快速、高效地积累词汇，同时也为猜测生词提供一定的参考依据，便于学生在阅读过程中遇到生词时能观其形，知其意。I. Increase vocabulary Low vocabulary is the bottleneck constraining students to improve their reading speed. If they are just satisfied for remebering the vocabulary and usage on the text books, even the words on the tex tbook are also compromised, How can they adapt to the requirement of high-capacity, fast-paced reading in the college entrance exam? Therefore, the expansion of common english words must be our unremitting effort in our english teaching. There are three main channels for expanding their vocabulary: intensive reading, extensive reading and word formation. We should pay special attention to the vocabulary test of the students during our textbooks teaching, through dictation, replace, making sentences and other means to encourage students to first remember the basic vocabulary on the textbook. Second, teachers should pay attention to the teaching of extensive reading, let students to review, consolidate and increase vocabulary through supplying plenty of english reading materials to students, and to add these words into the test range. Its helpful for the students to accumulate vocabulary efficiently if teaching them basic knowledge of word formation, in the meantime it can also provide a reference for guessing strange words, and facilitating students to understand the new words at the sight of its shape.二、扩大知识面阅读速度与阅读材料所涉及的话题有很大的关系。如果阅读材料是自己熟悉的内容，阅读速度就会自然加快；反之，如果阅读材料所涉及的是非常陌生的话题，阅读速度便会很慢。所以增加一些题材广泛的泛读，扩大学生的知识面，让学生多掌握一些文化背景知识，了解当今英语国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识对提高阅读速度是极其重要的，即便是增加非英语阅读也有助于英语阅读速度的提高。因此，除了教材外，我们还应该重视泛读教学，要选定一种内容广泛、话题时兴、难度适当的国内外优秀英语教材，（如New Concept English，Oxford English，the Multicultural Workshop等）作为泛读课本，并将其列入正式的教学计划，与精读一起进行考查。另外，还要鼓励学生多读英语报刊、杂志，切勿将英语教学局限在有限的课文教学之内，否则，想要大幅度提高阅读速度就是不现实的。II. Expanding knowledgeReading speed is relative to the topic involved in the reading materials. If you are familiar with the reading material, reading speed will naturally speed up; on the other hand, if the reading material is involved in a strange topic, reading speed will be very slow. So increasing some extensive reading involved in comprehensive subject, expanding students knowledge, requiring students to understand the history and culture, personal biographies, science and technology education and other aspects of social knowledge of todays english-speaking countries, are very important to improve the reading speed, even the increase of the non-english reading can also help to improve english reading speed. Therefore, in addition to teaching textbooks, we also should pay attention to extensive reading to a wide range of content, the current topic, the domestic and abroad excellent english teaching materials with appropriate difficulty, (E.g. New Concept English, Oxford English, the Multicultural Workshop etc.), and plusing it to the official teaching program, together with the intensive reading for test. Also, encouraging students to read more english newspapers and magazines, not limited to the limited text teaching, otherwise, it is unrealistic to dramatically increase reading speed.朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音三、 克服不良阅读习惯，坚持意群阅读在快速阅读过程中，应注意克服一些不良阅读习惯以促进阅读速度有效提高。常见的不良阅读习惯有：指读、声读和回视。指读是指为了在阅读时能集中注意力，同学们常常用手指、铅笔、尺子等指着一个个的字或放在这些字的下面阅读。指读减慢了阅读速度，分散读者的注意力，因此，阅读中一定要克服这个毛病。声读一般有三种形式：出声读、默读和心读。事实证明，阅读速度缓慢一般都是因为读者采用了某种声读的方式，所以要提高阅读速度就必须自觉地克服这种习惯。回视又叫返读或复视。如果我们在阅读中多次返回重读，既会影响速度，也会影响理解。所谓意群，就是有意义的短语和语法结构。意群阅读是以意群而不是单词为最小阅读单位的一种快速阅读方法。它不仅可以提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解，而不是死抠字眼，逐词理解。因此，坚持意群阅读，要克服以下不良习惯：指字读、声读、不断回视；一次一词。III. Overcome bad reading habits, adhere to the meaning-group readingIn the course of fast-reading, in order to promote effective improvement of reading speed, should pay attention to overcome some bad reading habits. There are several common bad reading habits: point reading, sound reading and review.Point reading means that students often use their fingers, pencils and rulers etc. to point the word one by one so that they can focus on the article while reading. Point reading slow down your reading speed and disturb your attention, therefore, this bad habit must be overcomed. Sound reading usually include three cases: sound reading, silent reading and heart reading. Fact proved that slowing down of reading speed are usually due to one kind of sound reading, so in order to improve the reading speed, students must consciously overcome this habit.Review is also named as return reading or repeat reading. If we return to re-read several times in reading, not only will it affect the speed, but also affect the understanding.The so-called meaning-group, is meaningful phrases and grammatical structures. Meaning-group reading is a kind of fast reading method based on the smallest reading unit as meaning-group, instead of word. It not only can improve the reading speed, but conducive to the overall understanding of the sentence, rather than snatching word one by one to understand. Therefore, adhere to meaning-group reading need to overcome these bad habits: point reading, sound reading,repeat reading and word by word.四、 掌握阅读技巧，使用文题文阅读方式对于怎样在提高阅读速度的同时，又能提高做题的准确性，历来有三种阅读方法：IV. Master reading skills, adopt the reading way of article - question articleHow to improve the reading speed and the accuracy of the answer? There areusually three reading methods:1、 先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是在读懂全文的同时，容易降低读速。另外，由于阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。1. First article and then question. It also to say reading the article first, and then answer the questions. The shortage of this method is easy to slow down reading speed while understand the full article. In addition, because the purpose of reading is not clear, the details you remembered may not be useful, and the useful content you might not remember. So you still need look for the answer in the article, it actually reduced reading speed, and reduced efficiency.2、先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。缺点在于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，但这种方法比较适合于类似广告性质的阅读理解题。2. First question and then article. That is, first read the question, and then read the article with the questions. This method has the advantage of clear purpose, emphasis while reading, and save time. For you havent read the article, the disadvantage of this method is that you do not understand the subject and details of the article, and therefore can not quickly find the information you need, but this method is more suitable to the kind of Reading Comprehension such as advertising. 3、文题文阅读。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，然后读问题，再将全文认真读一遍，最后回答问题，这个过程列表如下：3. Article-question-article reading. That is, first quickly read through the full article and get an overall impression of it, then read the question,and then read the article carefully, and finally answer the question, the process is listed as follows:1 通读阅读材料速度（快速/略读/览读）掌握主旨大意1). Reading through the articleSpeed (rapid/extensive reading/skim reading)Master the main theme2 粗读思考题速度明确考查重点，以便排除干扰项2) Roughly reading questionsSpeedClarify the test emphasis, and eliminate the other interference3 复读阅读材料通篇跳读（寻读）局部精读理解全篇，初选答案3) Repeat reading the articleThroughout skip reading (seek reading), portioning intensive readingThroughout understand the article, and roughly select the answer 4 解答思考题精读（细读）确定答案该种方法避免了前两种方法的缺点，使同学们在快速阅读的过程中了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句。在跳读时，一目十行，目光自上而下寻视与答题内容有关的词句，无关的内容掠过，使回答有关who，what，when，where等文章细节问题时，能很快找到答案，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文题文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。4) Answer the questionsIntensive reading (carefully reading)Determine the answerThis method avoid the shortcomings of the previous two methods, and enable students to understand the theme, the main structure, the main idea, main paragraph, topic sentence while read rapidly. In the skip reading, read rapidly, search for the sentence and word related to the answer, and neglect the insignificant content, so that the students can quickly find answers as they answer the question with who, what, when, where and other details of the article, Thus it did not only improve the accuracy of the answers, but utilize time effectually. Therefore, Article-question-article reading method is mainly used, it is an effective way to improve reading speed.五、注重长句、复杂句的理解近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用能力。所选阅读材料均有大量复杂单句和复杂复合句，独立主格结构等高级语法；复合句采用多种从句叠现的复杂句型，来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。V.