Inventions伟大发明.doc

Unit 16Scientists at work.Teaching Goals:1.Think and talk about science and scientists.2.Learn how to give instructions.3.Study rules of word formation.4.Learn to write an argumentative essay.Teaching Time:Four periods.Background Information：1.Great Inventions伟大发明There have been many great inventions,things that changed the way we live.The first great invention was one that is still very important todaythe wheel.This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances.For hundreds of years after that,there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel.Then in the early 1800s the world started to change.There was little unknown land in the world people did not have to explore much any more.They began to work instead to make life better.In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made.Among them were the camera,the electric light and the radio.These all became a big part of our life today.The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions:the helicopter in 1909;moves with sound in 1926;the computer in 1928;and jet planes in 1930.This was also a time when a new material was first made.Nyloh came out in 1935.It changed the kind of clothes people had been wearing.The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases.They worked very well.They made people healthier and let them live longer lives.By the 1960s most people could expect to live at least 60.By this time most people had a very good life.Of course new inventions continued to be made.But man now had a desire to explore again.The world was known to man but the stars were not.Man began looking for ways to go into space.Russia made the first step.Then the United States took a step .Since then other countries,including China and Japan,have made their steps into space.In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth.Americans first walked on the moon.This is certainly just a beginning thought.New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never dreamed of.2.The First Planes最早的飞机Steam engines were first to be tried in planes,but they were too heavy to be really useful.In 1884,such a machine was made,which consisted of a large number of wings one above the other and was driven by a steam engine.It is said that it rose for a moment off the ground.Another rose,but fell and was damaged.The real success of planes began only when petrol engine was used in planes.On December 17,1903,Orville Wright,an American,flew safely in a heavier-than-air machine for twelve seconds.He and his brother Wilbur had made a lot of experiments and had taken great trouble to study the art of flying in gliders before they tried to fly their planes.Orville came down safely after the first short flight,and on the same day the experiment was repeated three times.The longest of these flights lasted 59 seconds.The speed of the plane was 35 miles an hour.The two brothers went on with their experiments after their first success,and in 1908 Wilbur gave some exhibitions of flying in France.All the people who saw the exhibitions were greatly surprised.Soon after the Wright brothers succeeded in their experiments,others followed in their footsteps.Louis Bleriot,a Frenchman,flew across the English Channel in 1909.Prizes were given for flights from place to another.Competition began later.The plane improved more and more when people began to understand it better.In 1919 Sir John.Alcock and Sir Arthur Brown made the first flight across the Atlantic Ocean,and in the same year a plane flew from England to Australia.And then,the age of air travel arrived.The First PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Learn and master the following words:experiment gas flame wheel engine nuclear economy unnecessary comfort2.Do some listening.3.Do some speaking to talk about advantages and disadvantages of many science discoveries.Teaching Important Points:1.Improve the students listening ability.2.Improve the students speaking ability by discussion,talks and making some dialogues.Teaching Difficult Points:1.How to finish the task of speaking.2.How to make dialogues correctly.Teaching Methods:1.Warming up to arouse the students interest in science experiments.2.Listening activity to help the students go through the listening material.3.Making simple dialogues to practise the students speaking ability.4.Individual,pair work or group work to make every student work in class.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder2.a projector and a computer for multimedia useTeaching Procedures:Step . GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step . Lead-inT:Now you learn several subjects at school,such as,maths,Chinese,English,physics,chemistry and so on.Which do you like best?Why?Any volunteers?S1:I like English.My wish is to go abroad some day,so I like English and I want to learn it well.S2:I like biology.I want to become a scientist to explore the secrets of life.S3:I like physics.Im interested in electricity.I want to know more about it and make more use of it to make our life better and better.S4:T:When I was your age,I often did experiments at school.(Teacher writes the word“experiment”on the blackboard.)Do you know the meaning of the word“experiment”?“Experiment”means“trial made in order to prove the truth of an idea”.For example,I hope to find the answer to this problem by experiment.(Write the example on the blackboard.)Do you often do experiments?S5:Yes.We often do experiments in physics,chemistry and biology in the labs or in the classroom.T:Do you do experiments by yourselves or do them with your teachers?S6:Most of the time,we make experiments by ourselves in the labs and we are directed by ourselves in the labs and we are directed by our teachers.In the classroom our teachers often show us some experiments.Step . Warming upT:OK.You have made many experiments.Can you describe some simple ones in English?Now,Ill show you three pictures on the screen.Please look at them carefully and then describe them.While doing this,the questions on the screen can help you.Please prepare this in pairs.(Teacher shows the questions and pictures on the screen.)Questions:1.Describe what you see in each picture.What is it about?2.What are the names of the school subjects in which you study science?3.Give an example of what you learn about for each field of science.No.1No.2Picture 1Picture 2Picture 3(Students begin to talk about the pictures and teacher goes among them and joins them.A few minutes later,teacher asks three students to describe them before class.)T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Who can give us a description of the first picture?S7:Ill try.This is an experiment in biology.From the picture,we can see two covers made of glass.The mouse dies after its put into the first cover because of lack of oxygen while the mouse in the second cover is still living,because there is a plant in it.From this experiment,we know that green plants can produce oxygen.T:Very good.Now well go on to talk about the other two pictures.S8,the second picture.S8:Sample writingIn picture 2,we can see an experiment of electrification by friction.In the experiment,the ruler after rubbed is put near the small pieces of paper.The pieces of paper are attracted onto the ruler.The experiment shows that electricity can be produced after two objects are rubbed.Thats very easy and interesting.Picture 3 shows an experiment of the boiling of water in physics.In the picture,we can see the water in the test tube is turned into steam after heated.Then the steam meets the cold piece of glass and is turned into drops of water again.The experiment suggests that the form of water can be changed,but it cant turn into other things.Step . ListeningT:OK.When you are doing experiments,what should you pay attention to?Can you tell me your ideas?S9:We shouldnt enter the lab without a teacher.When we are there,listen to the teacher.S10:We should follow the teachers instructions.Dont touch anything without the teachers permission.Some of the instruments are dangerous.S11:T:Very good.Next well do some listening practice.Lets see what Mrs Zhu talks about to the students.Now open your books to read the two exercises.In them,there are two new words:gas and flame.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)“Gas” means “substance like air and it cant be seen”；“flame”means“red or yellow burning gas and it can be seen.”Are you clear about the two words?Ss:Yes.T:Ill give you three minutes to read the exercises to make sure you know what to do.(Three minutes later.)T:Now listen to the tape.For the first time,you just listen to get the general idea.When I play the tape for the second or third time,youll try to finish your exercises.Are you clear?OK.Lets begin.Listen carefully.(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen.When students are doing Ex.2,teacher should pause the tape for the students to write down their answers.At last,check the answers with the whole class.If necessary,play the tape once more.)Step . SpeakingT:Lets do some speaking.In this part,there are also a few new words.First lets learn them.Look at the screen.Words:wheel n.年轮；轮子engine n.发动机engineer n.工程师nuclear adj.核子的；原子能的economy n.经济；节约unnecessary adj.不必要的；多余的necessary fort n.安慰；舒适comfortable adj.Teacher asks students to read the new words together,then gives them two minutes to remember the words.)T:There is a dialogue between two men in this part.They are talking about the advantages and disadvantages of a high-speed Maglev train from Shanghai to Pudong Airport.Now,please read the dialogue quickly and then find out its advantages and disadvantages.(After a while,teacher asks students to say the advantages and disadvantages.Meanwhile,teacher shows them on the screen.)Building a high-speed Maglev trainAdvantages:It is very fast.It has no wheels and no engine.Its clean.It makes no noise.Disadvantages:It is much too expensive.Its a waste of money.T:Please pay attention to the usages of some Phrases.Please look at the blackboard.(Write them on the Bb.)in my opinion_I think.In my opinion,he is clever.a waste of moneyDont buy an expensive computer.I think its a waste of money.make more/full/good use ofWe should make more use of every minute to study.(Teacher asks students to translate them into Chinese.)T:The work of scientists is often discussed.There are advantages and disadvantages to many science discoveries.Dont you think so?Now there are four inventions for us to discuss.While you are discussing them,the useful phrases on Page 18 can help you.(Students are divided into four groups.Each group talks about one invention.Teacher gives students enough time to prepare it and then asks them to give their ideas in front of the class.After that,teacher shows them on the screen.)Step .Summary and HomeworkT:Today weve talked about some pictures and known how to describe some simple experiments.Weve also done some listening and speaking practice.Now we know how to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some inventions.Meanwhile,weve learned some useful phrases.After class,remember the phrases and make a dialogue to talk about advantages and disadvantages of some inventions,using the information learnt today.Class is over.Sample dialogueA:Today I read a piece of news in the newspaper.It says that another cow has been cloned in our country.B:Really?The technique is very useful.It can save some rare species.Many animals will not die out.A:Are there any other advantages?B:Yes.It can be used to increase the number of some kind of animal in a shorter period if this technique is widely used.But it is impossible to do so at present in any country.Its said that some parts of human body can also be cloned.A:This is useful in medicine.But if humans can be cloned,that will be terrible.The whole society will be confused if it is not used properly.B:I am sure that scientists will agree on that in the future.Step .The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUnit 16Scientists at workThe First Periodexperiment n.I hope to find out the answer to this problem by experiment.in my opinionIn my opinion,he is clever.a waste of moneyDont buy an expensive computer.Its a waste of moneymake more/full/good/use ofWe should make more use of every minute to study. Step .Record after Teaching_The Second PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Learn and master the following:Words:conduct,charge,shock,prove,work,tear,fasten,explain,appearPhrases:do an experiment,a great deal of,tieto stopfromSentence Pattern:Having realised that I could use,I decided to do an2.Read the passage and learn how the scientist Franklin found lightning and electricity are the same.3.Improve the students reading ability through reading activities.Teaching Important Points:1.Learn the words and phrases listed above.2.Train the students to improve their reading comprehension.Teaching Difficult Points:1.Understand the following sentences correctly:(1)Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.(2)Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.2.How to help the students understand the passage better.Teaching Methods:1.Question-and-answer method to make students interested in what they will learn.2.Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.3.Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.4.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder2.a projector and a computer for multimedia useTeaching Procedures:Step .GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step .RevisionT:In the last period,we talked about advantages and disadvantages of some discoveries.And I asked you to make up a dialogue with the information of one discovery.Now Ill ask two students to act out the dialogue in front of the class.Any volunteers?S1:S2Step .DiscussionT:(Show a picture of a telephone on the screen.)Please look at the picture on the screen.Whats it?Ss:Its a telephone set.T:Do you know who invented the telephone?S3:Yes,I know.It was Alexander Bell who invented the telephone.T:You are right.Bell was a great inventor in America.In 1876,he invented the telephone.After 4 years,he invented photophone again.There are many famous scientists like him all over the world.They made many important inventions in many fields.Do you know the names of some famous scientists?What are they famous for?Any volunteers?S1:Edison.He was a great inventor.He invented the electric bulb,the phonograph and many other things.S2:Calilean.He made on astronomical telescope and first began to do a scientific experiment.S3:Harvey.He was a founder of experimental bionomy in modern times.S4:Einstein.He was famous for his theory of relativity.S5:T:Yes.You are right.In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,scientists all over the world also made many important discoveries in many different fields,such as in physics,medicine,chemistry and biology.Can you name some of them?Why are their discoveries important?Now please discuss the questions in groups of four and write down your answers on a piece of paper,then Ill check the answers.(Teacher gives them some minutes to discuss and then collects the students idea.)Suggested answers:S6:Newtons.He was the famous physicist and mathematician in the history of science.Also he made a telescope.He found the law of universal gravitation and Newton Law.Without Newton Law there wouldnt be modern physics.S7:Marie Curie.She was an extraordinary woman scientist.She found radium and uranium.She made a great contribution in physics.If there were no radium and no uranium,we couldnt take x-ray photos,which are very helpful to modern medicine.S8:Darwin.He was the founder of the theory of evolution.His theory makes us know the origin of human and the development of human better.His theory is very important to the development of biology.S9:Nobel.He was the inventor of the detonator and set up“Nobel Prize”.His invention made it safer for humans to use explosive.His Nobel prize encourages more people to make more contributions to the world.S10:Step .Pre-readingT:Well done.You have known much about some famous scientists and their important discoveries.Do you know something about Franklin?S11:Yes.Franklin was a Northern American scientist and discovered the secret of lightning.T:Very good.How did he discover the secret?He did it through a famous kite experiment.Today well read a passage to know about his experiment.Before reading it,well learn the new words first.Please look at the screen.Lets read the words together.(Teacher shows the new words on the screen.)New words:conduct vt.引导；管理；指挥n.行为；操行conductor n.charge vt.充电prove vt.证明；证实tear vt.(tore,torn)撕扯；撕裂；撕毁fasten vt.扎牢；拴紧；使固定explain vt.解释；说明explanation n.shock vt.打击；震动thunderstorm n.雷暴condenser n.冷凝器；电容器string n.线；细绳handkerchief n.手帕frame n.结构；框架foot n.英尺；脚feetl (pl.)n.ribbon n.缎带；丝带electric adj.电的electricity n.sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的(Teacher corrects the students mistakes in pronunciation,gives simple explanation and gets the students to have enough time to remember the new words.)Step .ReadingT:Now open your books on Page 18.Read the passage quickly and answer the two questions on the screen.(Teacher shows the questions on the screen.)1.Was the experiment done in June 1752 successful?2.What did this experiment prove?(Teacher gives students a few minutes to