《剑桥遗传知识园》doc版.doc

螀莀莂薇膈荿薅袂肄莈蚇蚅羀莇莇袀袆莆葿蚃膅莆薁衿肁蒅蚄蚁羇蒄莃袇袃肀薆蚀衿肀蚈羅膈聿莈螈肄肈蒀羃罿肇薂螆袅肆蚅蕿膄膅莄螅肀膄蒇薇羆膄虿螃羂膃莈蚆袈膂蒁袁膇膁薃蚄肃膀蚅衿罿腿莅蚂袅芈蒇袈螁芈薀蚁聿芇艿袆肅芆蒂蝿羁芅薄羄袇芄蚆螇膆芃莆薀肂节蒈螅羈莂薁薈袄莁芀螄螀莀莂薇膈荿薅袂肄莈蚇蚅羀莇莇袀袆莆葿蚃膅莆薁衿肁蒅蚄蚁羇蒄莃袇袃肀薆蚀衿肀蚈羅膈聿莈螈肄肈蒀羃罿肇薂螆袅肆蚅蕿膄膅莄螅肀膄蒇薇羆膄虿螃羂膃莈蚆袈膂蒁袁膇膁薃蚄肃膀蚅衿罿腿莅蚂袅芈蒇袈螁芈薀蚁聿芇艿袆肅芆蒂蝿羁芅薄羄袇芄蚆螇膆芃莆薀肂节蒈螅羈莂薁薈袄莁芀螄螀莀莂薇膈荿薅袂肄莈蚇蚅羀莇莇袀袆莆葿蚃膅莆薁衿肁蒅蚄蚁羇蒄莃袇袃肀薆蚀衿肀蚈羅膈聿莈螈肄肈蒀羃罿肇薂螆袅肆蚅蕿膄膅莄螅肀膄蒇薇羆膄虿螃羂膃莈蚆袈膂蒁袁膇膁薃蚄肃膀蚅衿罿腿莅蚂袅芈蒇袈螁芈薀蚁聿芇艿袆肅芆蒂蝿羁芅薄羄袇芄蚆螇膆芃莆薀肂节蒈螅羈莂薁薈袄莁芀螄螀莀莂薇膈荿薅袂肄莈蚇蚅羀莇莇袀袆莆葿蚃膅莆薁衿肁蒅蚄蚁羇蒄莃袇袃肀薆 剑桥遗传知识园知识公园(Knowledge Park) 是上世纪90年代末出现的一个新型名词。2001年英国政府决定建立六个遗传知识园(genetic knowledge park)。知识公园的出现，使得企业孵化与大专院校和科研机构挂得更紧，更加加快了知识产业化实现的速度。一、剑桥遗传知识园简介(一)园区背景1997年，剑桥卫生协会（Cambridge health community）投资建立了公共卫生遗传学中心（Public Health Genetics Unit，PHGU)。2002年英国政府加大投入，公共卫生遗传学中心扩建并正式更名为剑桥遗传知识园（Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park ，CGKP)。剑桥遗传知识园是英国和威尔士六大遗传学知识园（其余五个园区依次分布在Newcastle、the North West、Oxford、Cambridge和London）其中之一，由英国卫生部和贸易与工业部资助，专注于公共卫生遗传学领域的研究。（二）园区使命剑桥遗传知识园（the Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park）的使命是联合科研院所、医院和企业，促进基因组研究成果向人口健康应用领域的高效转化。园区汇集了大量的专家，开展人类遗传学领域的科学研究、技术开发、技术评估及审查等。另外，园区还鼓励孵化新的企业，为遗传学研究成果的咨询服务、技术转化和市场开拓提供平台。园区主要致力于开发新药、新的治疗手段（包括基因治疗法）以及拓展范围了的诊断测试和单基因/多基因疾病筛选程序。同时，园区还将就人类遗传学相关伦理、法律和社会问题开展一些项目，增加普通大众的参与度。（三）业务领域剑桥遗传知识园所涉及的业务领域包括：（1）知识整合：融合临床、科学、经济、政治、伦理和法律知识，提供可信任的卫生保健知识和政策建议，并广泛传播和共享。（2）流行病学：对遗传基因和疾病之间关系的全球研究成果进行分析，评估遗传变异对人口健康的影响；（3）基因测试的评估：为英国国家健康中心在临床引进新的遗传技术和测试之前的安全性、可靠性和有效性评估提供建议。另外还包括服务拓展、教育培训和情报服务等支持。（四）组织管理 园区管理层包括主任、公共卫生遗传学顾问，首席知识官，权威流行病学专家，业务经理等五个岗位；其下属的执行部门包括：科学、政策及公共卫生部，流行病学部，培训部，业务执行部及项目组等。二、剑桥遗传知识园的管理模式 剑桥遗传知识园归艾登布鲁克斯医院的国家健康中心基金所有，并得到公共卫生遗传学中心、医学遗传学及政策所（剑桥大学校内）的支持。知识园区的主管通过执行委员会管理日常事务，通过监管委员会执行管理职能,通过战略管理委员会代表知识园区各成员网络的意见。剑桥遗传知识园通过监理会向投资人负责。监理会主要确保园区的战略发展方向与他们的初衷和目标一致，负责对项目进行批准和监管，并定期对其财务进行审核。执行委员会就项目操作过程中的问题向管理层提供支持。当地的股东可通过顾问团向剑桥遗传知识园捐款建立办事处和项目组。各层的具体管理职能如下：（一）监管会l 确保剑桥遗传知识园的战略方向与英国卫生部、英国贸易与工业部以及 “ Wellcome Trust ”基金等投资方的意见一致；l 批准并监管剑桥遗传知识园的项目；l 对园区即将开展的项目提供建议；l 确保园区的开销与投资机构的预算一致，对超出预算的重要开销进行审批；（二）执行委员会l 向主管就知识园区的项目管理和目标管理问题提供建议；l 接收主管针对关于重要事件及未来目标、新进展及预期项目、预算及知识园区办事处其他问题的季度报告；l 就园区下一步开展的活动提供计划；l 对园区的活动和经费进行有效监管；（三）顾问团顾问团的职责是为当地的股东向园区捐建办事处和项目组提供平台；三、剑桥遗传知识园的资金政策剑桥遗传知识园截至2007年3月为止主要由英国卫生部、英国贸易与工业部提供资助，另外，园区也接受部分其他基金的资助，还有一部分收入来自项目盈利。未来几年里，园区计划多渠道吸引资金赞助，以保证其在公共卫生遗传学领域的领先地位。同时，园区也就继续争取政府的资助，并争取从其他基金和项目组中获得更多的收入。2006年，园区在国内开展一个新的国际性慈善基金遗传学与公共卫生基金，其目的在于支持有助于促进全世界人口健康的活动，促进现代生物科学（尤其关注人类遗传学领域）的研究和技术成果向临床、公共卫生服务等领域的转化。四、剑桥遗传知识园的成功启示 （一）园区的专业优势剑桥遗传知识园拥有大量生物类的企业，具备流行病学、生物统计学和卫生经济学等领域的专业技术。目前，园区的许多项目都基于对遗传疾病的相互作用及基因测试的分析和评价。园区在遗传学的伦理、法律和社会影响等问题方面的研究项目主要设计基因库、科研管理、遗传药理学、干细胞药物及人体器官使用的规则和相关法律问题等。园区不断致力于与其他机构合作，开发新项目。我国科技园区数量并不少，但普遍存在结构雷同现象。建议国内生物园区的建设借鉴英国科技园的做法，建设有特色的生物园区，每个园区都制定严格的公司入园标准，结合园区的目标和特色，把好入口关，为建立一流的园区打下良好的基础。（二）剑桥地区的环境优势剑桥遗传知识园的临床医学家、科学家、公共卫生从业人员以及伦理学家和企业家，为后基因组时代的发展贡献了一份力量。英国剑桥地区独特的剑桥产学研模式，不断创造新技术和新产业，引领欧洲产业创新，是欧洲领先的高新技术产业研发中心。剑桥大学是催生剑桥地区高技术产业集群的源头，不断创造了大量的技术和企业，催生了以研发为主的产业。科技园区能否发展好，关键一条就是要有源源不断具有开发价值的科研成果进入园区。要实现这一点，需要政府、大学、科研院所和科技园等多方面共同努力与相互配合。因此，我国在生物园区的建设上要注意形成完善的生物技术产业链。另外还要拓展融资渠道，提供政策上的支持。（三）创新优势 剑桥地区形成了企业研发机构、高校研究机构和技术咨询机构为三大创新主体的独特产学研合作网络。企业研发机构、高校研究机构和技术咨询机构是剑桥地区技术创新的主体，在剑桥高技术产业集群发展中发挥着关键作用，被称为剑桥地区的“技术提供者”。剑桥地区企业研发实验室每年都会衍生许多新的高技术企业；欧洲研发中心衍生出来的技术咨询机构也在积极利用它们在咨询工程中产生的核心能力。创剑桥地区以小公司为主，新创业活动活跃，大量的中小企业诞生。知识、技术转移和创新创业活动十分活跃，大量的中小企业诞生，是欧洲知识型企业的中心。独特的创新氛围和创新机制，也为剑桥遗传园的发展提供了支持。 我国生物科技园区企业之间普遍缺乏合理的学习、合作与竞争机制,彼此戒备森严，失去了集聚布局的重要目的。要发展具有高度的开放性地生物医药园区，密切与区外的经济技术联系，同时注重园区内部企业、机构间的创新网络建设。 参考文献：1 .uk/ 2007-3-102世界八大园区扫描分析 /zsyz/ 2007-3-103余晓. 英国大学科技园区发展现状、趋势及相关政策.全球科技经济瞭望J,2000(7):36-381、Who we are: The Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Parks mission is to enable the responsible and effective translation of genome-based research into improvements in population health. We began life as the Public Health Genetics Unit (PHGU) in 1997 with a small investment from the Cambridge health community. The award of further UK government funding in 2002 allowed us to expand our activities under the banner of Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park (CGKP). CGKP belongs to a network of six Genetics Knowledge Parks in England and Wales, funded by the Department of Health and the Department of Trade and Industry (see Overview of the Genetics Knowledge Parks Network from the Department of Health website). We bring to the network our unique focus on public health genetics.2、What do we do? Fuller details of our work programme and outputs are available on our public health genetics website. We undertake work in these areas (links go to the relevant area of the work programme on the Public Health Genetics Unit website): Knowledge integration - blending clinical, scientific, commercial, policy, ethical and legal knowledge to create a trusted source of healthcare knowledge and policy advice, widely shared through our staff, websites and publications Epidemiology - analysing the results of studies from all over the world on possible links between genes and disease to assess the impact of genetic variation on population health Evaluation of genetic tests - advising the NHS in assessing whether new genetic technologies and tests are safe, reliable and effective before they are introduced in the clinic Service development - working with the NHS on strategic development of genetics services and on projects to evaluate and improve service provision to patients and their families Education and training - working with government at a strategic level to promote genetic literacy amongst health professionals and to increase capacity for teaching and learning in genetics delivering training in public health genetics Informing policy and regulation - promoting new ways of thinking about policy and ethical questions to contribute to a supportive environment for genetics research and its applications. Click here to take part in our ethical e-scenarios on this website. Networking - sharing knowledge and learning through national and international networks 3、Management team 组织结构Director - Ron ZimmernConsultant in Public Health Genetics - Hilary BurtonChief Knowledge Officer - Alison StewartSenior Epidemiologist - Julian HigginsBusiness Manager -Carol LyonStaff and associates Science, policy and public health - Philippa Brice, Alison Hall, Stephen John, Mark Kroese, Simon Leese, Leorita Stubbs, Simon Sanderson, Susan WallaceEpidemiology - Gurdeep SagooEducation - Pamela Black, Corinna AlbergBusiness and operations - Ireena Dutta, Prasanth Francis, Brendan Gogarty, Jane Lane, Nicola Harvey, Dijana MaricProject staff and associates - Adam Butterworth, Calvin Cheah, Angela Frodsham, Richard Hardy, Stuart Hogarth, Subu Iyer, Miranda Mugford, Paul Pharoah, Therese Williams4、Governance CGKP is accountable to its funders through the Supervisory Board, chaired by Professor Sir Brian Heap. The Supervisory Board ensures that the strategic direction of CGKP is consistent with its aims and objectives, approves and monitors delivery of the work programme and oversees financial management.An Executive Board, chaired by Professor Richard Himsworth, supports the management team in operational matters.Local stakeholders are able to contribute to setting the agenda and work programme of the CGKP through the Advisory Panel, chaired by Professor Sir Brian Heap.5、Governance - Supervisory Board terms of reference 相关的监管委员会 The Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park is hosted by the AddenbrookesHospital NHS Trust and is supported by the Public Health Genetics Unit (anNHS facility), and the Centre for Medical Genetics and Policy (an institutionwithin the University of Cambridge). The latter was established to bringtogether academics with an interest in the policy implications of humangenetics. The Director of the Knowledge Park is accountable to an Executive Board forday-to-day operational matters, and to a Supervisory Board which willundertake performance management functions. In addition, there will be aStrategic Advisory Board representing the network of partners that make upthe Knowledge Park.（1）supervisory MembershipSir Brian HeapChairman Former Master of St Edmunds College, CambridgeProfessor Richard HimsworthFormer Director of Research & Development, Eastern RegionProfessor Tim CoxProfessor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes NHS TrustMr Martin HarrisDepartment of Trade and Industry, LondonDr Peter GreenawayDepartment of HealthProfessor Lionel BentlyDirector of the Centre for Medical Genetics and PolicyMr Stephen GravesAddenbrookes NHS TrustMs Hilary MansfieldRegional Co-ordinator, Age Concern Eastern RegionDr Gina RadfordRegional Director of Public Health, Midlands and East of England Directorate of Health and Social Care (DHSC)Mr Walter HerriotManaging Director, St Johns Innovation Centrel To ensure that the strategic direction of the CGKP (incorporating the PHGU) is consistent with the aims and objectives set out in the proposals for funding approved by the Department of Health (DoH) the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and the Wellcome Trust. l To approve and monitor the delivery of the work programme of the CGKP (incorporating the PHGU). l To make suggestions about the future work programme of the CGKP and the PHGU. l To ensure that the expenditure of the CGKP is consistent with the budgetary framework agreed with funders and to approve major variations of expenditure against budget. (2)excutive l To advise the Director in matters relating to the management of Knowledge Park work programmes and achievement of objectives. l To receive quarterly reports from the Director setting out progress towards milestones and objectives, new developments and future work programmes, budget position and other matters relating to the Knowledge Park agenda. l To contribute to the forward planning process for Knowledge Park activities. l To contribute to the effective governance of Knowledge Park activities and finances. Membership:Professor Richard HimsworthChairman Former Director of Research & Development, Eastern RegionDr Hugh AldridgeDirector for Industry, The Cambridge-MIT InstituteDr Hilary BurtonConsultant in Public Health Medicine, Public Health Genetics UnitMr Stephen GravesAddenbrookes NHS TrustDr Julian HigginsSenior Epidemiologist, Public Health Genetics UnitMrs Carol LyonBoard Secretary Business Manager, Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park and Public Health Genetics UnitMrs Maggie PonderChairman, Genetic Interest GroupDr Alison StewartChief Knowledge Officer, Public Health Genetics UnitDr Joanne WhittakerDirector, East Anglian Regional Genetics ServiceDr Ron ZimmernDirector Director, Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park and Public Health Genetics Unit(3) advisory panel The role of the Advisory Panel is to provide a forum for local stakeholders to contribute formally to setting the agenda and work programme of the CGKP. Prof Sir Brian Heap ChairmanMaster of St Edmunds College, CambridgeProf Graham BenthamUniversity of East AngliaProf John DaneshUniversity of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary CareDr Megan DaviesMedical Research CouncilCllr John DurrantCambridge City CouncilMr Martin GarrattGreater Cambridge PartnershipDr Peter HewkinThe Cambridge NetworkProf Miranda MugfordUniversity of East Anglia School of Medicine, Health Policy and PracticeProf Martin RichardsUniversity of Cambridge, Centre for Family ResearchDr Jeff SolomonEastern Region Biotechnology InitiativeMr Mark WathernEast of England Development AgencyDr Tom WeaverMRC GeneserviceProf John YatesUniversity of Cambridge, Dept of Medical GeneticsLast updated 5 October 20067、Funding CGKP is funded by the UK Department of Health and the Department of Trade and Industry until March 2007. We also receive income from grants and commissioned work.Future plans未来的计划Public health genetics is growing in significance as health systems around the world tackle the challenges of translating the fruits of genetics research into practical health benefits. We intend to maintain our leading role in this field by attracting funding from a variety of sources. We will continue to attract government funding for many aspects of our work, and we aim to raise more income through grants and fees for commissioned work. In addition, in 2006 we are launching a new UK-based, international charity the Foundation for Genomics and Population Health to “improve and benefit the health of individuals and populations worldwide by funding and undertaking activities that will enable the responsible and effective translation of modern biological science, in particular knowledge, research and technologies that derive from an understanding of the human genome, into clinical and public health services, policies and interventions”. 8、BioBusiness Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park has expertise in a number of areas of relevance to the bioscience business community including epidemiology, biostatistics and health economics. We are currently involved in a number of projects based on the analysis and appraisal of gene-disease interactions and genetic tests. CGKP programmes of research into the ethical, legal and social implications of genetic science cover topics including genetic databases, research governance, pharmacogenetics and the regulatory and legal issues surrounding stem cell medicine and the use of human tissue. Another key focus of our work is education and the dissemination of genetics knowledge. One of our many activities in this area is the organisation of our highly successful Genetics and Health Policy course for policy makers and health sector leaders from the public and private sectors.CGKP has undertaken a collaborative project with Cambridge based firm Linguamatics, to explore the use of natural language processing in text mining for epidemiological applications. A key tool in epidemiology is the use of systematic reviews. Following a systematic search, relevant information from publications is then extracted manually, which is both resource-intensive and time-consuming. This project aims to assess the utility of text mining in the systematic review process, develop ontologies relevant for epidemiology and ultimately support the commercial exploitation of research. CGKP is always willing to explore ideas for collaboration and new projects. 9、The business environment 商业环境IntroductionClinical research Business environment History of life science research in CambridgeThe eastern region and the city of Cambridge have been at the heart of the biotechnology industry from its inception. Since the discovery of the structure of the DNA double helix by Watson and Crick in 1953, Cambridge has been world famous for its groundbreaking genetic research and scientific breakthroughs. The research conducted by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a remarkable moment in the history of life science research. It heralded the era of molecular biology and so formed the foundation on which most of the bioscience industry in existence today has been built. Following further work at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in the 1960s, by Francis Crick and Sidney Brenner, the three base genetic code for amino acid synthesis was also deciphered. The 1970s saw huge steps taken in the progress of biological research with the elucidation of the primary structure of insulin by Fred Sanger, whilst a member of the Department of Biochemistry, and the development of the chain termination method of DNA sequencing, for which Sanger was awarded a second Nobel Prize. This technique underpinned the sequencing of the human genome, much of which appropriately took place at the Sanger Institute. Further work at the LMB saw the production of monoclonal antibodies by Cesar Milstein and George Kohler, thus creating the platform for the development of a wide range of diagnostic devices and medical treatments.Cambridge scientists have also led the way in innovative new areas such as bioinformatics, stem cell medicine, and RNA interference.Cambridge Genetics Knowledge Park is contributing to this new era of post-genomic biology, through its work with clinicians, scientists, public health practitioners, ethicists and industry. Innovation in the bioscience industry 剑桥地区生物产业的创新In addition to its critical contribution to the life sciences, Cambridge has also been a centre for innovation in the field of enterprise and the commercial exploitation of its research base. This approach has led to the development of the Cambridge biotechnology cluster, within the city and the surrounding area. Many institutions in Cambridge, and the wider area have made commercially valuable contributions to the biotechnology sector, either through collaborative projects or the formation of spin-out companies. Research carried out at the University of Cambridge has led to the formation of