语法专题冠词

语法专题：冠词一 冠词主要包括有：不定冠词（a/ an）,定冠词（the）,以及零冠词。二 冠词的用法：冠词主要放在名词前，说明名词所表示的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在1） 单数可数名词前一定要用冠词。 a(n) 泛指单一、每一、任一 指类别 上文提到过的事物被修饰语限定的说话双方所默认的 世界上独一无二的 the . 指类别 2） 复数可数名词、不可数名词前: 上文提到过的事物 the 被修饰语限定的 说话双方所默认的 泛指的一些事物零冠词 指类别三 中考冠词考点：考点一：不定冠词的用法：1. 表示“一个”的概念(a bag=one bag, an orange= one orange)2. 第一次提到某个人或某个物品(I have a cat. Its name is Mimi.)3. 表示”每一.”,相当于every（twice a day）4. 表示一类人和东西 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞注意：a用于辅音音素开头的词前eg : a university/ uniform/unit.eg: a useful/ unique/European.+ 可数单数名词。 a useful book.eg: a + 字母: Bb, Cc, Dd, Gg, Jj, Kk, Pp, Qq, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Yy, Zzan用于元音音素开头的词前eg: an hour/ honoreg: an ugly/ honest/ urgent.+ 单数可数名词 an honest boyeg: 以un-开头的单词前常用冠词an的如：uncle,umbrella, unusual, unlucky, unhappy, unhealthy, unfortunate, untidyunforgettable, , unpleasant, uncommon, unknown, uncomfortable, unnecessaryeg: 和an 连用的字母Aa, Ee, Ff., Hh, Ii, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Rr, Ss, Xx考点二：定冠词the的用法：1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物Do you know the man in back？This is the house where Luxun once lived.2.特指双方熟悉(特指某人或物/谈话双方都知道的人或物品)Open the door， please.请把门打开。3.上文已提及的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book cost me 15 yuan.4.世界上独一无二的事物the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界Id like to have a walk with the moon shinning in the sky.5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.6. 用在乐器名称前，如: play the piano7. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物the poor 穷人 the rich 富人；the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员；the good 好人The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。8. 用在姓氏复数形式前， 表示“全家人” The Greens are very kind to us.9. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国9. 表示方向，方位和地理专有名词(海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等)前in the east 在东方 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Yellow River 黄河 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海11. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危险12. 某些固定的表达法in the morning /afternoon / evening, all the year round on the way to in the future考点三：零冠词的用法（即不用冠词的情况）1. 名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等， 指示代词this/these, that/those,不定代词some, any等以及所有格限制时。 This is his book.2. 表示语言，学科，三餐，球/棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。Its difficult to learn Chinese well. I have lunch at schoolWe are going to play basketball this afternoon.3. 月份、周日、节日、季节前一般不加冠词in May/ on wednesday / on Childrens Day / in summer4. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等We selected him chairman of the club.5. 可数名词复数形式,表示一类。 I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。6. 某些固定短语中不用冠词.by bus/ car/ bike/ air/ ship/ train/ plane, on footat home/ school / noon/ night考点四：冠词易混淆知识点1. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the, 但如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a，an。the world； a peaceful world ；the moon；a bright moon类似的用法还有：表示一日三餐，语言，乐器，交通工具等的名词a quick breakfast, the English language(=English), play a borrowed violion2. 有定冠词和无定冠词的区别; go to school 去上学（学生） go to bed 就寝，去睡觉 go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生） go to the bed 走到床前 in hospital 住院 at table 吃饭 in the hospital 在医院 at the table 在桌子旁边 in future 今后 in front of 在（.外部的）前面 in the future 在将来 in the front of 在（.内部的）前面 by sea 乘船 on earth 究竟 by the sea 在海边 on the earth 在地球上3. 序数词前面用定冠词和不定冠词的区别。“the+ 序数词”表示“第几.” ”a + 序数词” 表示“又一，再一”He is always the first one to get to school.The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one4. 当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a, an 的位置应注意:(1) 当名词被such, half, what , many 修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。 He is such a kind man that everyone wants to be his friend. It took him half an hour to fold his clothes. What a great success he made in the New Years party. Many a man who live in the rural places has gone to big cities for work.(2) 当名词前面的形容词前有so,as, how, too 等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后 He was so kind a man that everyone wants to be his friend. How successful a film this is.It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.(3)当名词前有形容词和quite,rather 或very 时，不定冠词置于quite,rather 之后，very之前quite a good book, rather a useful tool, a very interesting story Happy ending:最后来个口诀，方便大家快速记忆，牢记哦不定冠词a和an，“”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前综合练习：( ) 1. -Lily is coming by plane tomorrow. (10 眉山) -Lets go to airport to meet her. A. a, a B. /, a C. the, the D. /, the( ) 2. There is 800-metre-long road behind hospital. (09 兰州) A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the( ) 3. _ old man behind Mary is university teacher. (09 广东) A. An, an B. A, the C. The, a D. The, an( ) 4. Greens had big dinner last Monday. （09 天津大港） A. The, / B. /, a C. /, the D. The, a ( ) 5. Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in hospital. （09 长沙） A. a B. / C. the D. an( ) 6. We can see full moon on the evening of August 15th every year. (09 绵阳) A. the, a B. a, a C. a, the D. the, the( ) 7. -What would you like for afternoon tea？ （09 广州） -Two pieces of bread and cup of coffee, please. A. an, a B. /, a C. a, the D. /, the( ) 8. -How about charity show? (09 苏州) -I should say it was cup of coffee, please. A. the, a B. the, / C. a, a D. a, /( ) 9. I want to go to Paris where I can learn French language. A. / B. a C. an D. the (09 沈阳)( ) 10. More and more foreign students come to China to learn ChineseA. a B. an C. the D. 不填 （08 南京）( ) 11. -Do you know university student who is talking with Joe. -Yes, shes my cousin, Kate. （07 成都） A. a, B. an C. the D. /( ) 12. Tom has honest face, and he never tells lies or play tricks on others. (07 南通) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填( ) 13. What exciting news it is! Is news true? (09 烟台) A. an, the B. an, a C. /, the D. /, a( ) 14.I hope we can fly to moon one day. (0