书面表达的两项万能以及七大原则.doc

书面表达的两项万能以及七大原则 写作绝招开头万能公式：1 开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that2 开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管它三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。当然要点里面已经给了准确的数据就不能瞎编，要灵泛些哟。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生 向 老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 写作绝招结尾万能公式：1结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus，in a word，all in all，in short更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that2结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则”：一、 长 短 句 原则工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 主 题 句 原则国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一 二 三 原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place,lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！四、 短语优先 原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个比较有文气的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚 原则原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, wonderful，gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！六、 多变句式 原则1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only is the fur coat soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2）转折（拐弯抹角）批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding（prep.尽管）3）因果（so, so, so）昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that当然其他的一些关联词我就不多说，我们的一本通啊，前次发的作文覆盖面广的句型，常用关联词等等都有很多，大家要去记哟！4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go, Why he goes away5）附加（多此一举）如果有了女朋友或者是老婆或其他喜欢多嘴的女性在场(呵呵，当然也包括一些男性gossips)，总会遇到这样的情况，当你在讲某个人的时候，她会插那么一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，那么在这种情况下如果把她的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。嘿嘿，就这么简单！The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy that book you are reading.Mr. Liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之后。6）排比（排山倒海句）文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章形成排山倒海之势，气势恢弘！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated（老于世故的） or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！七、 挑战极限 原则既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非遥不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。其实就是两个句子主语不同，把其中一个用来作从句的句子改成不是句子的形式，就好像你们平时写错了谓语一样，它的主语不变，把它的谓语改成非谓语就是这种结构，哈，太简单了吧。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可以写出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！写作绝招文章主体段落三大杀手锏：一、举实例思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且这也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.更多句型：To take as an example, One example is, Another example is, for example二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with , 三、换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我们举过的例子：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply 总之啊，写文章有很多的应变方式方法，因此孩子们,只要用点心思啊，作文打高分很容易，但是前提是审题要到位哟。祝大家高考作文都打25分！那是不可能的！那就都是2024分吧。哈哈！附英语作文52活用句型1. 不用说It goes without saying that子句= (It is) needless to say (that)子句= It is obvious that子句= Obviously, S. + V.例不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2. 是不可能的; 无法There is no Ving= There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例不可否认的成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3. 我深信I am greatly convinced (that)子句= I am greatly assured (that)子句例我深信预防是于治疗。I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4. 在各种之中Among various kinds of , = Of all the , 例在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. 5. 是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved (that)子句例时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6. 无论如何强调都不为过 cannot be overemphasized例交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7. 就我的看法；我认为In my opinion, = To my mind, . = As far as I am concerned, = I am of the opinion that子句例就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8. (A) 每个人都知道Everyone knows (that)子句(B) 就我所知As far as my knowledge is concerned, 例就我所知下列方法对我帮助很大。As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9. 毫无疑问地There is no doubt (that)子句例毫无疑问地近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10. 根据我个人经验According to my personal experience, = Based on my personal experience, 例根据我个人经验微笑已带给我许多好处。According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11. 在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than 例在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher. 12. 在我的求学过程中我忘不了In the course of my schooling. I will never forget 例在我的求学过程中我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered inlearning English.13. (A) 随着人口的增加 With the increase/growth of the population, (B) 随着科技的进步, With the advance of science and technology, 例随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。With the rapid development of Taiwan s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14. (A) 在这信息的年代扮演重要的角色。In the age of information and communication, plays an important role.(B) 在今日工业社会中是生命不可或缺的。In todays industrial society, is indispensable to life.例在这信息的年代计算机扮演非常重要的角色。In this age of information and communication,the computer plays an extremely important role.15. 在讨论一个人不得不承认。In dealing with , one cannot but admit (that)子句例在讨论未来的职业一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。In dealing with ones future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide ones future career as early as possible.16. 世上没有什么比更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as 例世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17. 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V例我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.18. 每当我听到我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear , I cannot but feel excited.每当我做 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do , I cannot but feel sad.每当我想到我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of , I cannot but feel nervous.每当我遭遇我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with , I cannot but feel frightened.每当我看到 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see , I cannot but feel surprised.例每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19. 据说 It is said (that)子句 一般认为 It is thought (that)子句大家都知道 It is known (that)子句 据报导 It is reported (that)子句一般预料 It is expected (that)子句 一般估计 It is estimated (that)子句一般相信 It is believed (that)子句例一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20. 的主要理由是The main reason why . is (that)子句例青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.21. 俗语说得好：。Well goes an old saying, = As an old saying goes(runs, says), = An old saying goes, = Its an old saying (that)子句例俗话说得好：诚实为上策。As an old saying goes, Honesty is the best policy.22. (A) 用下列方法 in the following ways.(B) 有三个主要理由。 for three major reasons.(C) 要至少我们可做三件事。 To , there are at least three things we can do.例(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C) 为了维护健康我们每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II. 用于文章承转句 23. 那就是(说)；亦即That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 例我们生活需有规律。也就是说早睡早起戒除烟酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24. (A) 基于这个理由 For this reason, (B) 为了这个目的 For this purpose, 例基于这个理由我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25. 我们有理由相信We have reasons to believe (that)子句例我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26. 事实上 As a matter of fact, = In fact, 例事实上健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27. (A) 例如 For example, (B) 拿做例子 Take for example. 例例如我们盲目地提高生活水准却降低生活品质。For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28. 此外我们不应忽视Besides (In addition), we should not neglect 例此外我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29. 相反地 on the contrary, = by contrast, 例相反地少数学生似乎还在鬼混。On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30. 另一方面 on the other hand, 例政府应严格执法另一方面大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.31. 然而很可惜的是 However, it is a pity that子句例然而很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32. 换言之in other words, = to put it differently例换言之我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal.33. 别人可能认为这是事实但我不是。我认为It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that子句例别人可能认为这是事实但我不是。我认为It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34. 从此之后我已发现 Ever since then, I have found that子句例从此之后我已发现Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35. 这样说来假如.当然毫无疑问地。In this light, if, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句例这样说来假如我们能善用时间当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36. 更严重的是。What is more serious is (that)子句例更严重的是我们不珍惜野生动物。What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.37. 鉴于社会的实际需要。In view of the practical need of society, .例鉴于社会的实际需要愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III. 用于文章结论句 38. 如果能实践这三点。If one can really put the three points into action (practice), 例如果能实践这三点。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39. 做这些简单之事我们一定可以。By doing these simple things, we surely can .例做这些简单之事我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。By doing these simple things, wesurely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40. 如此我相信。In this way, I believe (that)子句例如此我相信大家能够像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣。In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.41. 实践这些。By putting them (the above) into practice, .例实践这些在智育方面我一直能不断进步。By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42. (A) 唯有符合此三项要求我们才能Only by living up to the three requirements, can we .(B) 唯有通力合作我们才能。Only with combined efforts, can we . 例唯有通力合作我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43. 最后但并非最不重要。Last but no least, .例最后但并非最不重要教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44. 这证据显示的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of cannot be overemphasized.例这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45. 由于这些理由我。For these reasons, I .例由于这些理由我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46. 总而言之。In conclusion, = To sum up, 例总而言之好国民应该遵守交通规则。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47. 因此我们能下个结论那就是。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句例因此我们能下个结论那就是世上自由罪珍贵。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48. 如果我们能做到如上所