精编2019年高考英语考前冲刺试卷两套附答案

精编2019年高考英语考前冲刺试卷两套附答案2019年高考英语考前冲刺试卷（二）附答案考前冲刺卷(二)选择题部分第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACommunity(社区) service is important for many reasons.Taking part and volunteering teaches sympathy and understanding.One of my favorite things about it is that there are opportunities and choices right in your very neighborhood.When I was younger，I volunteered for a nearby animal shelter.At first I didnt know many people there and wasnt very enthusiastic.Later，as I got to know the animals and staff members I learned to enjoy my time there.It was a very rewarding experience and I got to do many things I wouldnt have had an opportunity to do otherwise.Sometimes when I was there I would see other kids taking part.Most of them were volunteering because they needed service hours for school.These kids sometimes just sat around waiting for their time to pass.But there were also others，who had apparently enjoyed their experiences，and wanted to do more afterwards.Not only is community service fun and rewarding，it also looks great on a resume(简历) or college application.Sometimes community service is even required for high school graduation.Last year in my life skills class we were asked to write a paper about whether we thought requiring students at a university to complete 75 hours of community service was a good idea.I wrote，“I dont think that is too much as long as the students are given enough time and a variety of choices.”As I move through life I will be always involved in community service，not just because it is important but also because it is something I enjoy and look forward to.So maybe it is the right time you should go out，volunteer your time and make a difference，even if your reward is only a nod or smile.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了作者参加过许多社区志愿服务，从中获益良多，并鼓励人们也参与进来。1The writer began to enjoy volunteering at the animal shelter when he .Arealized the importance of community serviceBwitnessed some students wasting their timeCgot inspired by the enthusiastic volunteersDadjusted himself to the new environment答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推知，当作者适应了动物收容所的环境后，他开始享受在那里的志愿者工作。故选D。2What might be the writers attitude to the 75-hour community service required for a university student?ACautious. BApproving.CUnconcerned. DDoubtful.答案B解析观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，作者对大学生要完成75小时的社区服务工作持赞成态度。故选B。3What is the writers purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce a growing trend of volunteering.BTo reflect on one of his volunteer experiences.CTo advocate participating in community service.DTo make the benefits of community service known.答案C解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句和全文内容可知，作者认为做社区志愿服务工作是非常有益的，所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区服务中去。故选C。B(2018?河北唐山一模)Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk，a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesnt.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup，like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way.Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply “stomach hunger”When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten，a hormone(荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain，the hypothalamus(下丘脑)，for more food.The hypothalamus regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst，hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite.And you eat.Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more complex.It activates(使活跃) brain areas related to emotion，memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.So，some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar release chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.So，the more you deny yourself a food that you want，the more you may crave it.However，fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So，the next time you crave something very specific，know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.语篇解读本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致饮食欲望的增加。4What is the function of the first paragraph?ATo deepen the understanding of hunger.BTo lead to the topic of the whole passage.CTo report the discovery of craving study.DTo remind readers of their own special food.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.”可知，第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题。故选B。5What do we learn about food cravings?AIt means the stomach functions well.BIt ensures a person survives hunger.CIt shows food is linked to feelings.DIt proves the brain decides your appetite.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar release chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.”可知，食物与情感有关系。故选C。KS5UKS5U.KS5U6Whats the likely result of dieting?AThe increase of food desire.BThe decrease of chemicals.CThe refusal of fat and sugar.DThe disappearance of appetite.答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.”可知，节食会导致饮食欲望的增加。故选A。7What does the passage mainly discuss?AThe findings of food cravings.BWhat hunger is all about.CThe functions of brain areas.DWhat dieting may bring us.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.”可知，本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。故选A。C(2018?浙江金华名校统练)Students in the United Kingdom will be using textbooks almost identical(完全相同的) to the ones that students in the Chinese city of Shanghai use from January 2018，in a bid to improve ailing mathematics test results.The UK government will carry out the plan，worth US $ 54 million，which allows half of all primary school teachers to use the real Shanghai mathematics textbook series.As a result，the courses 36 books will be adopted in their curriculum.The materials will be roughly the same，simply replacing Chinese Renminbi symbols with the British Pounds.According to a New York Times report，Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2010 based upon a “mastery”(熟练掌握) approach to maths education.“Maths mastery involves children being taught as a whole class，building depth of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of high-quality textbooks，” the British government said last July.With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total number in Englandwill receive support to adopt the approach，which is used by some of the leading performers in maths in the world，including Shanghai and Singapore.Unlike many Western countries，Chinese students performance in mathematics is above average in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment released in 2015 by the OECD showed one in four students in Shanghai are top performers in mathematics.This means students can handle tasks that require the ability to formulate(确切表达) complex situations mathematically，using symbolic representations.The UK，however，has slightly lower numbers of top performers in mathematics than the OECD average.“All the time，Asians have been learning from the Western education system，” Yong Zhao，a professor of education at The University of Kansas said as quoted by The New York Times.“Suddenly，its the reverse(相反的情况)”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。英国将引进上海的数学教学方法和配套的数学教材，以提高英国学生每况愈下的数学成绩。8What does the underlined word “ailing” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ACompetitive. BImpressive.KS5UKS5UCTerrible. DStable.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，从2018年1月起，英国的学生们将使用与中国上海的学生们所使用的几乎完全相同的数学教材，再结合第四段中的最后一句可知，数学成绩最好的英国学生人数低于OECD的平均数，故英国采取此方法的目的是提高英国学生糟糕的数学成绩。ailing意为“每况愈下的，状况不佳的”。故选C。9What makes Shanghais students stand out in mathematics tests based on the passage?AAdopting excellent teaching methods.BSimplifying complex maths concepts.CValuing students independent learning.DSubscribing to high-difficulty textbooks.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2010 based upon a mastery(熟练掌握) approach to maths education”可知，上海的学生数学成绩优异得益于一种优秀的教学方法，故选A。10What does the content of Paragraph 3 mainly indicate?ABritain has a lack of high-quality textbooks.BBritain devotes a lot to advancing its education.CBritish education falls far behind that of Singapore.DBritish primary schools need peoples support most.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total number in Englandwill receive support to adopt the approach”可知，英国投入了多达4 100万英镑来支持英国半数的小学采用上海的数学教学方法，由此可推知，英国在发展其教育方面投入很大。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Create Better Phone HabitsIf you find yourself constantly checking your cell phone，you may have a problem with overuse of the cell phone. 11 Here are four tips on how to create better phone habits：1Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.Staring at a screen right before you try to go to sleep is going to make it more difficult to fall asleep. 12 Dont try to sleep with it right next to your head because you will spend more time focusing on who might be texting you than sleeping.2Carry your phone in your bag or pocket.When you take your phone with you，dont carry it in your hand. 13 This is especially important when you drive.Make sure your phone is hidden away when you drive so you are not tempted to look at it and text.3 14 Think of the best times of the day for you to not be on your phone texting and make it a “no phone time”Turn your phone completely off and put it away somewhere where you cant get to it for a few hours.Forcing yourself to do this daily will help train your brain to not get anxious when you are not to your phone.4Pretend like your cell phone is a home phone. 15 Try pretending like your cell phone is a landline phone.Place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there and only use it there，instead of taking it with you everywhere you go.AAn hour before you go to sleep，text anyone you are talking to that you are going to sleep.BCell phones are an annoying invention.CHave set times when you are away from your phone.DTurn off your cell phone before you leave your home.EProbably one of the major reasons you are addicted to texting is because you can take your phone with you anywhere.FIt can lead to reduced quality of personal relationships and lack of productivity in daily life.GPut your phone somewhere where you cant see it.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何养成良好的手机使用习惯。11答案FKS5UKS5U解析空格前一句提到如果你发现自己不断地查看手机，那么你或许有过度使用手机的问题。F项指出了这一问题导致的不良后果，符合语境。12答案A解析A项与第二段第一句“Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.”相吻合。故选A。13答案G解析根据空格前的一句话和下文中的“Make sure your phone is hidden away”可知，此处应指把手机放在你看不到的地方。故选G。14答案C解析空格处是该段的主题句。阅读本段后面的部分可知，本段主要说的是每天留出一点不把手机带在身边的时间。C项概括了本段主旨，符合语境。15答案E解析E项中的“you can take your phone with you anywhere”与空格后的“place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there”相对应。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2018?东北三省三校联考)It happened to Susan Black in a cold winter.Everything seemed in a 16 those days.Both her parents suffering from depression，sending for a 17 became a common practice.As a woman in her 40s，it was a 18 job to be a teacher of 30 first-graders，who were always 19 ，and shed tried all sorts of methods，but 20 to get them quiet in class.2019年高考英语考前冲刺试卷（一）含答案考前冲刺卷(一)选择题部分第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。KS5UKS5UAOur first year in New York we rented a small apartment with a Catholic school nearby，taught by the Sisters of Charity，handsome women in long black gowns and hats.I liked them a lot，especially my grandmotherly fourth grade teacher，Sister Zoe.I had a lovely name，she said，and she had me teach the whole class how to pronounce it：Yo-lan-da.As the only immigrant in my class，I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window，apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them.Slowly，she pronounced the new words I was to repeat：laundromat，cornflakes，subway，snow.Soon I picked up enough English to understand horrible wars were in the air.Russian missiles were being collected and brought together，trained supposedly on New York City.On the television，President Kennedy，looking worried，was explaining we might have to go to war against the enemies.At school，we had air-raid drills：a worrying bell would go off and wed move into the hall，fall to the floor，cover our heads with our coats，and imagine our hair falling out，the bones in our arms going soft.At home，Mami and my sisters and I prayed for world peace.In class I heard new vocabulary：nuclear bomb，radioactive fallout，bomb shelter.Sister Zoe explained how it would happen.She drew on the blackboard a picture of a mushroom and a cloud of dusty fallout that would kill us all.The months grew cold，November，December.It was dark when I got up in the morning，and frosty when I followed my breath to school.One morning as I sat at my desk daydreaming，out the window，I saw dots in the air like the ones Sister Zoe had drawnrandom at first，then lots and lots.I screamed，“Bomb！Bomb！” Sister Zoe moved around，her full black skirt ballooning out as she hurried to my side.A few girls began to cry.But then Sister Zoes shocked look faded.“Why，Yolanda dear，thats snow！” she laughed.“Snow.” “Snow，” I repeated.I looked out the window cautiously.All my life I had heard about the white snow that fell out of American skies in the winter.From my desk I watched the fine powder dust the sidewalk and parked cars below.“Each flake(雪花) was different，”Sister Zoe had said，“like a person，irreplaceable and beautiful.”语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为移民孩子，作者在学校总会得到Zoe老师的特别关照，在一次下雪的时候，作者将雪误认为是炸弹，但Zoe老师告诉她说那是雪花，人如同这雪花一样，都是不可取代且美丽的。1According to Paragraph 1，which of the following words can best describe Sister Zoe?ADevoted. BFaithful.CAmbitious. DConsiderate.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句可推断出，Zoe是一位考虑周到的老师。considerate意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”，符合题意。故选D。2Why did the writer scream suddenly on that December morning?ABecause she heard bombs exploding.BBecause she mistakenly caused a panic.CBecause she thought bombs were coming.DBecause she got excited about the snowfall.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可推断出，作者在那个12月的一个早上突然尖叫的原因是她认为炸弹就要落下来了。故选C。3Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?ASnowBBombCNew York LifeDSister Zoes Experience答案A解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句及全文内容可知，Zoe告诉作者，人同雪花一样，美丽而又无可取代；此处用雪来比喻人，符合题意。故选A。B(2018?吉林长春质检)Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system.However，many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep.Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study，thirteen healthy adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment，the subjects were asked to perform several tasks，such as mathematics and word problems，while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that the temporal lobe(颞叶) of the brain，the region involved in language processing，was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep.After several hours without sleep，there was no activity within this region.Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction timethus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers，researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent.Thats the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving.语篇解读本文主要介绍了缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明缺少睡眠会对大脑的活动产生不利影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险。4The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”Aweakness BlossCdiscomfort Dpain答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，睡眠有助于增强免疫系统，以及现在多数成年人缺乏睡眠，可推知，画线处指直到最近几年，健康专家才意识到睡眠缺乏的严重性。由此可推知画线词的意思是“缺少，损失”，故选B。5The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT .Ajet lagBlong work hoursCboring workDworking at night答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from