上下肢骨ppt演示课件

.,1,The Bones of Limbs,.,2,Bones of upper limbs,Composition:in line with Shoulder girdle 上肢带骨clavicle锁骨，scapula肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨 Humerus肱骨 in arm Radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨 in forearm Carpal bones腕骨Metacarpal bones掌骨 phalanges of fingers指骨,.,3,Clavicle 锁骨,“S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward Sternal end胸骨端 medially and acromial end肩峰端 laterally,Superior surface,Inferior surface,.,4,Scapula 肩胛骨,Three borders Superior: coracoid process 喙突 , scapular notch 肩胛切迹 Lateral (axillary) border腋缘 Medial (vertebral) border脊柱缘 Three angles Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostal space肋间隙 Lateral: glenoid cavity关节盂, 肩胛颈 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节 Two surfaces Anterior surface concave凹面的: subscapular fossa肩胛下窝 Posterior surface:supraspinous fossa冈上窝and infraspinous fossa冈下窝, spine of scapula 肩胛冈, acromion 肩峰,.,5,Humerus 肱骨,Upper end: head of humerus肱骨头, anatomical neck解剖颈, greater and lesser tubercles大、小结节, crests of greater and lesser tubercle, 大、小结节嵴，intertubercular groove结节间沟, surgical neck外科颈 Shaft: deltoid tuberosity三角肌粗隆on lateral surface, and a groove for radial nerve桡神经沟 on posterior surface Lower end: capitulum of humerus肱骨小头, trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车, lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁, coranoid fossa 冠突窝and radial fossa 桡窝 (anteriorly) and olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝 (posteriorly), and sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟,.,6,Radius,Upper end: head of radius桡骨头, articular circumference环状关节面, neck of radius桡骨颈, radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 Shaft 前面 后面 外侧面 骨间缘interosseous border(medial border) Lower end: styloid process 茎突laterally, ulnar notch尺切迹 medially, and carpal articular surface腕关节面 inferiorly,.,7,Fracture of the distal end of the radius,.,8,Ulnar,Upper end: trochlear notch滑车切迹 olecranon鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 radial notch 桡切迹 ulnar tubersity尺骨粗隆 Shaft 前面后面 内侧面 骨间缘interosseous border(lateral border) Lower end head of ulna 尺骨头 styloid process 尺骨茎突,.,9,Carpal bones 腕骨 Proximal row (lateral to medial) scaphoid手舟骨, lunate月骨, triquetral三角骨 and pisiform豌豆骨 Distal row (lateral to medial) trapezium大多角骨, trapezoid小多角骨, capitate头状骨 and hamate钩骨,.,10,Metacarpal bones掌骨 Numbered one to five from thumb to little finger Structure of eachbase (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) Phalanges of fingers 指骨 Consist of 14 two for first digit (thumb) and three for each of other four digits Structure of each base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx远节指骨粗隆,.,11,Bones of Lower Limb,Composition: Pelvic girdle: hip bone髋骨 Bones of free lower limb: Femur股骨 in thigh ( patella髌骨) Tibia胫骨 and fibula腓骨 in leg Tarsals bones跗骨, metatarsal bone跖骨phalanges of toes趾骨 in foot,.,12,Hip bone,Consisting of three fused bones, ilium髂骨, ischium坐骨, pubis耻骨 Ilium髂骨 Body of ilium 髂骨体 to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum髋臼 Ala of ilium 髂骨翼: iliac crest 髂嵴, anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘， anterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘, tubercle of iliac crest髂结节, posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘，posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘, greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹, gluteal surface 臀面，iliac fossa 髂窝, arcuate line弓状线, auricular surface 耳状面, iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆,.,13,Ilium髂骨,An imaginary line joining the highest point on the iliac crests over the fourth lumbar spine.,.,14,Ischium 坐骨 Body of ischium 坐骨体to form posterior and inferior 2/5 of acetabulum, ischial spine坐骨棘, lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹 Ramus of ischium 坐骨支, ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 Pubis 耻骨 Body of pubis 耻骨体to form anterior and inferior 1/5 of acetabulum, iliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起 Superior ramus of pubis 耻骨上支: pecten of pubis 耻骨梳, pubic tubercle 耻骨结节, symphysial surface耻骨联合面, pubic crest 耻骨嵴 Inferior ramus of pubis耻骨下支: obturator foramen 闭孔 Acetabulum 髋臼formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface月状面, acetabular fossa髋臼窝, acetabular notch髋臼切迹,.,15,Femur 股骨,Upper end: femoral head股骨头, fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹, neck of femur 股骨颈, greater trochanter 大转子，lesser trochanter 小转子, 转子窝intertrochanteric line 转子间线, intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴 Shaft: linea aspera 粗线, gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆, pectineal line耻骨肌线 ，popliteal surface 腘面 Lower end: medial and lateral condyles内、外侧髁， medial and lateral epicondyles内、外上髁, adductor tubercle 收肌结节， intercondylar fossa髁间窝, patellar surface髌面,.,16,Fracture of the femoral neck,.,17,Patella 髌骨,Triangular sesamoid bone,.,18,Tibia 胫骨,Upper end: medial and lateral condyles 内、外侧髁, intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起, fibular articular surface 腓关节面, tuberosity of tibia胫骨粗隆 Shaft: 外侧面内侧面 后面 interosseous border骨间缘(外侧缘)soleal line 比目鱼肌线 Lower end: fibular notch腓切迹, medial malleolus 内踝,.,19,Fibula 腓骨,Upper end: fibular head 腓骨头, neck of fibula 腓骨颈 Shaft: interosseous border骨间缘(内侧缘) Lower end: lateral malleolus 外踝,内侧嵴,前缘,.,20,Tarsal bones 跗骨,Consist of seven short bones arranged in three row Posterior row talus 距骨, calcaneus 跟骨 Intermediate row navicular bone 足舟骨 Anterior row medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bone 内侧、中间和外侧楔骨, cuboid bone 骰骨,.,21,Metatarsal bones 跖骨,numbered one to five medial to lateral Structure of each base (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) in each Phalanges of toes 趾骨 Consist of 14two for first toe (hallux) and three for each of other four toes Surface landmarks:phalanx trochlea of talus距骨滑车, calcaneal tuberosity 跟骨结节, tuberosity of navicular bone 舟骨粗隆, and tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone第五跖骨粗隆,.,22,Teaching outline,1.Master the composition and arrangement of the appendicular skeleton of the upper limb. 2.Master the shape of clavicle, scapular, humerus, radius, ulnar. 3.Master the composition of bones of hand, the arrangement of the carpal bones. 4.Master the surface landmarks of the bones of the upper limb:spine of scapular, inferior angle of scapula, acromion, clavicle, greater tubercle of humerus, lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus, head of radius, olecranon, styloid proces