通信工程本科毕业设计论文外文英文文献翻译.doc

毕业设计附件材料 学生姓名： 学 号： 所在系部： 电气信息系 专业班级： 06通信本科（二）班 指导老师： 日 期： 二一年6月 目录1 英文文献翻译11.1英文文献原文题目11.2中文翻译82 专业阅读书目122.1 毫米波雷达及其应用(精)12 1 英文文献翻译1.1英文文献原文题目 Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News which according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accidents primary cause exercises after over speed , occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accidentmain manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growth, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical theloss. the expert indicated to the road service accidents analysis result, in occurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Mercedes-Benz Companys experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corresponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accident possibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning systems research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning systems principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, and proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning systems development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobilesaround, in the automobile and the danger has in the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accidents occurrences. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stages technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle and danger distance to, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should acousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of anti-collision early warning systems principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the identical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, again according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts the matrix, then figures out the dangerous time. radar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shadesound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the vehicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this systems application to a great extent. Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. Present primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference abilityto detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the road before and after testing by theTo turn restrictions. millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Drive rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection side To the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Leida Yun station control technology high. improvements in algorithmic research Study 18 - 20, if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interference. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of Chongqing After nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the intelligent vehicle highway Active driving safety warning system , Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close, so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TIs digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU division of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy. From the twentieth century 80s, famous universities, research institutions And automobile manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transport Companies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year pay Through accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that peoples health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; Research That, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% 90% of rear-end accident; security has been The focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; great market prospects of the system 21. Through the various existing features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; roads are not well detected corners dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problem Little to do, and they system complexity, bulky, expensive; laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness; machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference ability, but the systems technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Development of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above, the following aspects should : to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; increased visual angle, Improve the monitoring range; enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the drivers fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar, laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity, The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safety Distance and time requirements of different security; industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards. Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make our journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻译 随着汽车大量增加,路上车流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。据中国公安部2005 年1月14日发布的新闻:中国在2004年总共发生交通事故567, 753 起,导致99, 217 人死亡, 451, 810 人受伤,直接财产损失27. 7 亿元。交通事故的主要原因包括超速行使、占道行使、酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶等。而碰撞是交通事故的主要表现形式,其中大部分是车- 车碰撞和人- 车碰撞。可以肯定,随着我国汽车保有量和生产量的快速增长,高速公路和高等级公路里程的快速延伸,如果不加大汽车交通安全控制,交通安全事故会大量增加,造成更多的伤亡和经济损失。 专家对汽车交通事故的分析结果表明 ,在所发生的交通事故中,有80% 是由于驾驶员反应不及时,处置不当所造成。其中有65% 的事故属汽车追尾碰撞造成,其余则属于侧面碰撞、擦挂所致。因此,德国奔驰公司的专家们在对各类交通事故进行系统研究分析后得出 :若驾驶员能在事故发生前提早1秒钟意识到会有交通事故发生,并采取了相应的正确措施,则绝大多数事故都可能避免。汽车防撞预警系统对提高汽车行驶安全性十分重要。从1971年开始,国内外相继出现了超声波、雷达、激光、机器视觉、红外以及交互式等防撞预警系统的研究或者产品。本文将对各种防撞预警系统的原理、特点、缺陷等方面进行分析,并提出汽车防撞预警系统的发展方向。 汽车防撞预警系统 是在汽车行驶过程中,对汽车的前后以及左右方向的危险物进行检测,在汽车与危险物具有发生碰撞危险的情况下,进行声光报警,提示驾驶员危险物的方向以及危险程度,以便让驾驶员采取相应的措施,避免追尾碰撞和侧挂等交通事故的发生。汽车防撞预警系统一般由信息采集、信息处理、信息判断、预警信息等四个部分组成。信息采集现阶段的技术有超声波、雷达、激光、机器视觉、红外以及交互式,通过这些技术采集汽车行驶过程中的四周信息;信息处理部分主要是对采集的信息进行处理分析,判断汽车行驶过程中四周是否有危险物, 常用单片机、ARM、DSP等微处理器,甚至采用多CPU专用计算机来处理;信息判断就是根据本车车型、天气、时候以及本车与危险物的距离、相对速度、相对加速度等信息,通过信息融合技术,实时进行危险或安全状态的动态辨识;预警信息部分主要指信息辨识为危险时,该部分进行危险级别判断、危险方向以及相应的声光报警。由于不同的信息采集技术,其相应的汽车防撞预警系统不同,下面对各种防撞预警系统的原理、特点、缺陷等方面进行分析。 雷达汽车防撞预警系统利用电磁波发射后遇到障碍物反射的回波对其不断检测和计算与前方或后方障碍物的相对速度和距离,经过分析判断, 对构成危险的目标按程度不同进行报警。该系统由收发天线、定向耦合器、混频器、调频振荡器和处理单元组成。当发射机采用微波调频连续波体制时,在车辆行进中,雷达窄波束向前发射调频连续波信号,当发射信号遇到目标时, 被反射回来为同一天线接收, 经混频放大处理后,可用其差拍信号间相差来表示雷达与目标的距离,把对应的脉冲信号经微处理器处理计算可得到距离数值,再根据差频信号相差与相对速度关系, 计算出目标对雷达的相对速度,微处理器将上述两个物理量代入危险时间函数数字模型后,即可算出危险时间。雷达探测性能稳定,不容易受对象表面形状和颜色的影响。环境适应性能好, 受天气影响较大, 它具有测量时间短、量程大(可达到10km 以上) 、精度高等优点。但是周围车辆、障碍物都会对其产生电磁波干扰,车载雷达彼此之间也存在干扰。此系统庞大, 造价昂贵。在高速路上, 隔离带和路两边的金属在很大程度上限制了此系统的应用。 80年代初期以来,世界上许多著名大学和研究机构,以及美国的300多家公司(包括IBM等计算机公司) 都投入研究。例如毫米波雷达的研究,汽车用雷达采用30GHZ以上的毫米波雷达,一方面可缩小从天线辐射的电磁波射束角幅度,减少由于不需要的反射所引起的误动作和干扰;另一方面由于多普勒频移大,相对速度的测量精度高。目前主要应用在宽带无线数据通信及毫米波制导武器,但是仍然没有摆脱雷达的固有的缺陷抗干扰能力差,检测视角范围小,在汽车行驶中的抖动无法适应,还有在公路转弯出的前后检测受到弯道的限制。毫米波雷达和图像传感器的结合,有图像传感器根据路面的方向,从而控制激光或者毫米波雷达的转动方向,让激光或者毫米波雷达跟随汽车行驶车道转动。有效的解决了激光或者毫米波雷达的固有部分缺陷,即检测方向直线,视角角度小甚至为0的缺陷,但是要求图像传感器和对雷达云台控制技术高。 在算法上的改进的研究 ,如果毫米波的线性调频连续波(LFM - CM) 、双线极大值匹配发、双拼检测法、高精度相位检测法、窄带补偿方法、二次相差法等等所测精度上和抗干扰上有所提高。汽车防撞系统常常不只是用一种技术,而是充分发挥每种技术的特长,让整个系统的性能得到很大提高。如重庆安驰科技有限公司经过近十年研究出的“高速公路智能型汽车行驶主动安全预警系统”,汽车左右两边的信息监控就是超声波测距原理。超声波在短距离测距中是非常好的技术,在4- 5m范围内功能强大,而汽车在行驶中左右两边的信息都离汽车很近,所以其前后的信息采集使用图像传感器。经过近十年的研究,该公司在软件算法上已经有很大突破,