初中英语代词课件(精品全面).ppt

代 词,( pron.),一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清,（一）人称代词的语序：,单数形式：（二、三、一） 即：you/ he/ I 复数形式：（一、二、三） 即；we/ you/ they,（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。 名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 eg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours? 名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语，相当于“ of +名词所有格” ，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 eg: He is a friend of mine.,二、it的用法,it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如： My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -Who is knocking at the door? -It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.,二、it的用法,3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如： It will be sunny tomorrow. 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如： I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.,三、反身代词的用法,定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成，可用口诀简记如下： 反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。 一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。 在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记： 反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。,三、反身代词的用法,（一）作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? 2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.,三、反身代词的用法,3. hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself. 4. teach oneself = learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself? 5. look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well, thanks.,三、反身代词的用法,6. say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?” 7. come to oneself苏醒 Soon the lady came to herself. 8. make oneself + 过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself understood. 9. make yourself at home别客气，让自己像在家一样 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home. 10. lose oneself in沉浸于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.,三、反身代词的用法,（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself = alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves.,三、反身代词的用法,（三）作表语 反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself. （四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主语的同位语 You will have to do it yourself. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. Youd better ask Mary herself about it.,四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those,【辨析】one, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can have one. The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（一）some 与 any some 常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”时，可用于肯定句。 There arent any students in the classroom. -Would you like some bread? -Yes, please.,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（二）辨析both, neither, either, all, none both, neither和 either这三个词用于两者或两者之间，both表示“两者都”，用于肯定句；neither与both互为反义词，意为“两者都不”；either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全部、都”，none表示“没有任何人或物”。,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,【辨析】so/ neither+助动词+主语！和so/ neither+主语+助动词！ so +（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。 so +主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（三）many&much many 和much都有“许多”的意思，many用来修饰可数名词复数，much用来修饰不可数名词。 名词修饰语一览表,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（四）a few, a little, few, little,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,each和every,“每一个” each=every,She knows each student of the class. 她认识班级中的每个学生。,She knows every student of the class. 她认识班级中的所有学生。,Each of them doesnt smoke. 每个人都不吸烟。,every却只有形容词词性， 不可单独使用。,each作代词，与of连用,重于个体,强调整体,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（六）图解other系列不定代词,六、复合不定代词,六、复合不定代词,注： 1. 这些词后一般都不可接of短语。 2. 这些词一般没有词形变化，但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：Everyones life was in danger. 3. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后置。 4. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 5. 在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是everybody，someone等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they，也可以用he；若陈述部分的主语是anything， nothing等指物的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语用it。如： Everyone knows this, doesnt he/ dont they? Everything seems all right, doesnt it ?,七、相互代词each other; one another.,表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用each other, 表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系时，用one another或each other都可以，也就是说one anther一般不用于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是each other s和one another s，两者常可互换。,八、疑问代词及关系代词,（一）疑问代词 1. who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用whom。 With whom did you talk just now? Who (whom) are you waiting for? 2. which, what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。 What class are you in?,八、疑问代词及关系代词,（二）关系代词 This is the doctor who came here yesterday. The man whom you saw last week has left the town. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. The room which you can see by the river is a reading room.,练习一：单项选择,1. Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 2. This is my book. _are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine 3. _ have a lot of homework to do. A. He, you and I B. You, he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you 4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its 5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms? - Its mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. him,C,B,B,C,C,练习一：单项选择,6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is here, too. A. his father B. his fathers C. hes father D. he father 7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself 8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. their 9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, its mine. It is made by_. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself 10. Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. A. us his B. him us C. us himself D. our himself,B,B,A,A,C,练习一：单项选择,11. -Could you offer me _ juice, sir? -Im really sorry. I havent got_ now. A. any; any B. some; any C. some; some D. any; some 12. Is there _ with your bike? A. anything wrong B. wrong anything C. something wrong D. wrong something 13. - Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye, Mum. - Well, make sure youve got_ ready. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 14. He can speak _ French, but not_. A. some, much B. any, much C. much, many D. many, any 15. Money is important in my life, but it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything,B,A,C,A,A,练习一：单项选择,16. - Could I have some milk? - Certainly. Theres_ in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few 17. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. that 18. This apple is delicious. Give me _one ,please. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 19. They are both good at English, but _ of them is good at maths. A. none B. either C. all D. neither 20. There are fifty students in our class. Some are from the USA, and _are from China A. another B. the other C. others D. other,B,B,B,B,C,练习二、 用正确的代词填空,1. -Excuse _, is this bike yours? -No, it isnt _. I think its Toms. -Yes, it is _. 2. She will finish the work_. 3. Make _ at home, Lucy. 4.The boy is standing with _ hands in the pocket. 5. You can have one cake_, children. 6. Will you please do _ shopping for me? 7. Miss Gao wants to teach her students _ she knows. 8. You may stay here