SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全.docVIP

一 好的论文题目是成功的一半好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机？以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类：第一类：对比型1. Water splittingbiosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficienciesexceedingphotosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210)类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiencyexceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615)这种题目适合哪类文章？适合于那种性能极其显著的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。第二类： 动名词结构2.1 Quantifyingthe promotion of Cu catalysts by ZnO for methanol synthesis (Science,2016, 352, 969-974.)2.2Exploringthe origin of high optical absorption in conjugated polymers. (Nature Materials 2016,DOI:10.1038/nmat4645)2.3 Promotingsolution phase discharge in LiO2 batteries containing weakly solvatingelectrolytesolutions (Nature Materials 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nmat4629)2.4 Reconstructingsolute-induced phase transformations within individual nanocrystals (NatureMaterials 2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4620)2.5 Tailoringthe nature and strength of electronphonon interactions in the SrTiO3(001) 2D electronliquid (Nature Material, 2016, doi:10.1038/nmat4623)我简单地检索了下Nature Materials上面的文章题目，发现这种类型的题目真的非常多。那么为什么大家非常青睐这种形式呢？这种形式到底有什么好处？我个人也很喜欢这种样子的题目，当然一定要跟论文的实际情况吻合哈，不要强凑。这种动名词形式的结构最大的优点是主观能动性很强。给人的一种感觉是：你在设计整个实验，而不是碰巧发现了某个现象。科研需要偶然现象，但是理性地科学研究追求一切能够有据可循，能够主动地把握而不是被动接受奇迹的降临。3.突出两个重点（实现的目标以及实现的方法/应用的领域）3.1Surface functionalizationof two-dimensional metal chalcogenidesby Lewis acidbase chemistry（Nature Nanotechnology2016, 11,465471）3.2Proton transfer dynamicscontrolthe mechanismof O2reductionby a non-precious metalelectrocatalyst(Nature Materials,2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4636)3.3 Femtosecondcontrol ofelectric currentsinmetallic ferromagnetic heterostructures（Nature Nanotechnology 2016, 11,455458）3.4Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers (Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11,7581)这种类型的题目非常的好懂，重点非常突出，给人一种开门见山的感觉，在很多论文中非常恰当。以3.1为例，两个重点非常明确：1. 实现的目标是什么？Surface functionalization of 2. 实现的方法是什么？Lewis acid-base chemistry.4.突出先进仪器或者手段4.1 In situhydrodynamic spectroscopyfor structure characterization of porous energy storageelectrodes (Nature Materials,2016, 15,570575)4.2Kinetics of the self-assembly of nanocrystal superlattices measured byreal-timein situX-rayscattering(Nature Materials, 2016, doi:10.1038/nmat4600)4.3 In situmappingof the energy flow through the entire photosynthetic apparatus (Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,doi:10.1038/nchem.2525)4.4 Optimized quantum sensing with a single electronspin usingreal-time adaptive measurements(Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11,247252)有些文章，一幅图就值了一篇Science。有些表征手段或者研究方法生来就是让人膜拜的，特别是一些原位的表征手段，能够直观地告诉人们以前得不到的一些信息。在这种情况下，用它来做个题目一点都不过分吧。最后对以上几类标题的共性做一下简单的总结：1) 好的论文题目往往都能够紧贴文章内容，并将其核心亮点突显出来; 2) 标题中的字真的是一字千金，废话不要有，一定要简洁明了；3) 用词要准确，尽量采用中性词，不要带主观色彩，不要扣大帽子引起审稿人反感，但是又要合适地体现亮点，好的论文题目要学会不卑不亢。二 正文中各种常用句型汇总一、 在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A.Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cellshas been intensively investigated.(Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740)B.This was demonstrated in a number of studies thatshowed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C.Several excellent reviews describingthese applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD.Much work so far has focused onwide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E.Recent developments ofLewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalystshave attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）F.An interesting approachin the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acidwas described byOgawa et al（Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）G.Considerable research efforts have been devoted tothe direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)H.There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts ofthe photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumihave reported on（proposed）the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A. GIXRD patterns inFigure 1A showthe bulk structural information on as-deposited films.B.As shown in Figure 7B,the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.C.As can be seen fromparts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures（J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 2495024958）这与XX能够相互印证：A.This is supported bythe appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultravioletvisible absorption band at 420520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.B. Thisis consistent with the observation fromSEMEDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271277)C.This indicates a good agreement betweenthe observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model.D. The resultsare in good consistent withthe observed photocatalytic activity.E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studieswhere the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.F.It was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flowcoincidewithregions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5C.三. 值得注意的是.A.It must also be mentioned thatthe recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.B.Another interesting finding is thatzeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)C.It should be pointed out thatthe nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.D.Notably,the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 20082022)E. Given the multitude of various transformations published,it is noteworthy thatonly very few distinctactivationmethods have been identified.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009,38, 2178-2189)F.It is important to highlight thatthese two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “H-bond-catalyst” and thecatalystacting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38, 2178-2189)G.It is worthwhile mentioning thatthese PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 20372041)四.仍然是个挑战A.There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge torationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 1504）B.However, systems that aresufficiently stable and efficient for practical usehave not yet been realized.C.Itremainschallengingtodevelop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,133, 72967299)D.One of thegreatchallengesin the twenty-first centuryisunquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials2005, 4, 366 - 377)五. 众所周知A.It is well established (accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonly knownthatmany characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and the sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence the performance of these unique MTMOs in electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 1504）B.It is generally accepted (believed) thatfor a-Fe2O3-based sensors the change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)C.As we all know,soybean abounds with carbon,nitrogenand oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar,proteinsandlipids. (Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 9367-9369)D.There is no denying thattheir presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-FM. (Nanoscale, 2013,5, 3918-3930)六. 正如下文将提到的.A.As will be described below（也可以是As we shall see below）,as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）B. This behavior is to be expected andwillbefurtherdiscussedbelow. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1955,77, 37013707)C.There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction,which wewilldiscussbelow.（Science, 2001, 291, 630-633）D.Below,wewillseewhat this implies.E.Complete details of this casewillbe provided at alatertime.E.很多论文中，也经常直接用see below来表示，比如：The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (seebelow). (Science, 1998, 279, 208-211)七. 这与XX能够相互印证.A.This is supported bythe appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultravioletvisible absorption band at 420520 nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eVB.This is consistent with the observation fromSEMEDS. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 332, 271277)C.Identical conclusions were obtainedin studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures.（Nat. Mater. 2011, DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3151）D. In addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the PPi/1 ratio,coinciding with thatobtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)E.This unusual luminescence behavior isin accord witha recent theoretical prediction; MoS2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor when thinned to a monolayer.(Nano Lett.,2010,10, 12711275)3.我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A.Our ndings suggest thatthe use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splittingmight provide a viable source forclean hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efciency of the semiconductor system has been improved by increasing its surface area and suitable modications of the surface sites.B. Along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis,we expect thatthese novel carbon nanodotshave potential applications inbioimaging and electrocatalysis.(Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 9367-9369)C.This system could potentially be applied asthe gain medium of solid-state organic-based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (PV) materials, where destructive high energy UV radiation would be converted to useful low energy NIR radiation. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42, 29-43)D.Since the use ofgraphenemay enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2under UV and visible-light irradiation,grapheneTiO2compositesmay potentially be used toenhance the bactericidal activity.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,41, 782-796)E.It is the first report that CQDs are both amino-functionalized and highly fluorescent,which suggests their promising applications inchemical sensing.(Carbon, 2012,50,28102815)八. 什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究A. However,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical usehave not yet been realized.B. Nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured MTMOs as mentioned above,some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 1504）C.There are relatively few studies devoted todetermination of cmc values for block copolymer micelles. (Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1033-1040)D. This might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts,no systematic study concerningthe synthesis conditionshas been published yet.(Applied Catalysis A: General2002, 226, 113)E.These possibilities remain to beexplored.F.Further effort is required tounderstand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128, 77567757)九.由于/因为.A.Liquid ammoniais particularly attractive asan alternative to waterdue toits stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.B.The unique nature ofthe cyanide ligandresults fromits ability to act both as a donor and a acceptor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.C.Qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocal microscopybecausethey are characterized by a very large absorption cross section(Science 2005,307, 538-544).D.As a result ofthe reductive strategy we used and of the strong bonding between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent GC electrode. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)E.The small Tafel slope of the defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practicalapplications,sinceit will lead to a faster increment of HER rate with increasing overpotential.(Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 58075813)F. Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recent yearsowing toexceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 39533957)G.On the basis ofmeasurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, Tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydrophobicin the region of low Al content. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)H.Nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability,given thatmetal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.十. .很重要A.The inhibition of additional nucleation during growth, in other words, the complete separationof nucleation and growth,iscritical(essential, important)forthe successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (Nature Materials3, 891 - 895 (2004)B.In the current study,Cys,homocysteine(Hcy) andglutathione(GSH) were chosen as modelthiolcompounds since theyplay important (significant, vital, critical) rolesin many biological processes and monitoring of thesethiolcompoundsis of great importance fordiagnosis of diseases.(Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 1147-1149)C.This is because according to nucleation theory,what really mattersin addition to the change in temperature T(or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,43, 2013-2026)十一. 相反/不同于A.On the contrary,mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (SIM), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligible coercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 44134417)B.In contrast,the Dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 101B), therefore allowing a fast QTM. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 44134417）C.In contrast tothe structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 44134417)D.Contrary toother conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride ischemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (Nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)E.Unlikethe spherical particles they are derived from that Rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)十二. 发现，阐明，报道，证实可供选择的词包括：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of举例：A. These stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional TEM images, but tilting experimentsconfirmthat they are nanoprisms.(Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)B. Note that TEMshowsthat about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated.(Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)C. Therefore, these calculations no