工商管理专业英语词汇.doc

临沂师范学院工商管理专业英语词汇工商管理专业英语词汇手册商 学 院2009年1月目录管理学3组织行为学5市场营销学11经济学28商务谈判34财务管理40质量管理4750管理学absenteeism缺勤率 achievement-oriented leadership成就取向型领导 acquisition购买 adaptability适应性administrative ability行政管理能力administrator 行政人员 advanced technology先进技术 affection情感 affiliation needs 归属的需要 affiliation归属aggressiveness进取性antagonism 敌对appraisal tool评价工具 appraisal鉴定 approval procedure 批准程序 approval批准 aspiration抱负 assessment 评估 attitude态度authority职权 autocratic leader专制式领导balance sheet资产负债表 behavior science行为科学behavior表现 board of director董事会 bonus奖金 budget预算 business ethics competitive price有竞争力的价格 business 商业capacity to produce生产能力 capital outlay 资本支出 capital shortage资金短缺cash flow现金流量 cash position 现金状况 company image公司形象 company公司 compensation报酬 controlling 控制confidence信心 conflict of interests利益冲突 conflict 冲突 conglomerate resource大型联合企业资源 consistency strategy应变策略 consistency一致性control device控制手段 coordinate协调 counselor顾问 customer service strategy顾客服务策略 delegation of authority授权 democratic leader民主式领导 demographic factor人口因素 derivative policy派生政策 desire欲望 deviation偏差 devotion 奉献 discretion 灵活性 diversification多种经营 dividend股息 division general manager分公司总经理 dynamic 动态的 eclectic折中 economic system经济体系effectiveness 效果efficiency效率 end result 最终结果 enterprise企业enthusiasm热情entrepreneur企业家equipment 设备 esteem needs尊敬的需要 esteem尊敬expense account开支帐户 external environment外部环境 feasibility可行性 feedback反馈 flexible灵活的 followership追随 franchise 特许经营 free-rein leader自由放任式领导 general manager总经理 geographic factor地理因素 group objective 集体目标growth goal增长目标 human input人力投入 human relation人际关系 hygiene motivator保健激励因素 individuality个性 industry产业ingredient要素 innovation 创新 inspection record检验记录 inspire鼓舞 instrumental leadership指导型领导 intelligence智力 internal environment内部环境interpersonal skills人际交往能力 inventory存货 joint venture合资企业 labor dispute劳资纠纷 labor-hour工时 latitude自主权 law法律 layoff解雇 leader behavior领导行为 leading 领导liquidation strategy破产政策 loyalty忠诚 machine-hour机时 machinery机器 maintenance 维持 major decision主要决定 management by objectives目标管理 managerial decision管理决策商业道德 managerial function管理职能manager经理market share市场占有率 merit system考绩制度 mission/ objective 目标 modern operational management现代经营管理morale士气 motivate 激励 motivational techniques激励方法 motivation激励needs for self-actualization自我实现的需要 obedience 服从 opportunity机会 optimistic乐观的 organizational culture组织文化 organizing 组织 overall budget总预算 participative leadership参与型领导 payroll工资表 performance业绩performance业绩 personal interest个人利益 persistence毅力 personal responsibility个人责任 personal worth个人价值 personality性格 pervasiveness fear普遍性忧虑 pessimistic悲观的 physiological needs生理的需要 planning计划 power权利policy 政策 portfolio matrix资产组合距阵 practitioner实际工作者 prejudice偏见 pressure压力 primacy 领先性 principle原理priority 优先 probability概率 procedure程序 process步骤 procurement采购 productivity生产率productivity生产率 product产品 product line产品系列profitability利润率 public responsibility社会责任 profit利润promotion晋升 program规划 proprietary product专利产品psychology心理学 public relation公共关系 quality of products产品质量 quantitative objective 定量目标 定性目标 record of labor-hours lost误工记录recruit招聘 regulation 法规 reinforcement theory强化理论 resentment 忿恨 resistance 抵制 responsibility职责retail零售retrenchment strategy紧缩政策 return on investment投资回报 review审查 reward奖励 rival竞争对手 rule规则 safety安全 sales volume销售量 satisfaction满意satisfaction满足 scientific management 科学管理staffing人事supervisor主管人员security needs 安全的需要 select选拔 self-actualization自我实现 service服务sick leave病假 size of the organization组织规模static 静止的 status地位 stock option 股票期权 strength优势 structure结构 style 作风 subconscious潜意识 subordinate下级 supplier供货商 supportive leadership支持型领导surplus盈余 synergy共同作用 tactics战术 tax rate 税收率 technique方法 the commitment principle投入原则 the contingency approach随机制宜法 the cooperative social systems approach协作社会系统法 the decision theory approach 决策理论法 the empirical approach经验法the group behavior approach集体行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach人际行为法the mathematical approach数学法 the managerial grid管理方格图 the managerial roles approach管理任务法 the operational approach经营法the social-technical systems approach社会技术系统法 the systems approach系统法 threat威胁 train 培训 trait 品质 turnover人员流动 vacation休假 value 价值 vendor 小贩 wage rate工资率 weakness 弱点 welfare 福利 wholesale批发 work efficiency工作效率 zeal热诚 组织行为学absences 缺勤achievement motivation 成就动机acquired immune deficiency syndrome( aids )爱滋病action research 行动研究active listening 主动的倾听adult ego state) 成人自我心态affiliation motivation 亲和动机affirmative action 认可性行动alienation疏离appraisal interview考评面谈area of job freedom工作自由领域assertiveness果断at-risk pay风险工资attitudes态度attribution归因autocratic leaders独裁型领导者autocratic model独裁模型autonomy自主baseline information基准信息bases of power权力基础behavioral bias行为偏见behavioral intentions行为意向biofeedback生理反馈body language身体语言boundary roles边缘角色boundary spanners边界人员brainstorming头脑风暴法change agents变革顾问changing变革charisma领导魅力child ego state儿童自我心态clarified thinking澄清思维closed-end questions封闭式问题closed questions集中式问题cluster chain簇式沟通链coach教练codetermination协同决定coercive power强制性权力cognitive dissonance认知失调cohesiveness凝聚力collectivism集体主义collegial model合作模型committee委员会communication沟通communication overload 沟通过度communication process沟通过程comparable worth可比较的价值competence motivation能力动机complementary transaction互补式交互作用complete pay program完全工资方案conceptual skills概念技能conditional strokes有条件的肯定conflict冲突conformity服从confronting正视consensus一致意见consideration关怀consultative management协商式管理contingency approach to ob ob的权变方法contingency model of leadership领导的权变模型core dimension工作的核心维度corrective discipline纠正性纪律cost-benefit analysis成本收益分析cost-reward comparison成本回报比较counseling咨询服务counseling functions咨询功能credibility gap信用差距cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通crossed transaction交叉式交互作用cultural contingency文化权变cultural distance文化距离cultural diversity文化多样性cultural empathy文化认同cultural shock文化冲击custodial model监护模型decision-making model of leadership领导的决策模型defensive reasoning防御型推理deferred judgment延迟判断delegation授权development level发展程度devils advocate魔鬼代言人dialectic decision method( ddm) 辩证决策法directive counseling指导式咨询discharge解雇discipline纪律discrimination歧视division of work工作划分double-loop learning双回路学习downward communication下行沟通drives驱力dysfunctional effect消极影响ecological control生态控制economic incentive system经济刺激系统ego states自我心态elaborating夸大electronic brainstorming电子化头脑风暴法electronic grapevine电子化的小道消息electronic mail ( e-mail) 电子邮件electronic monitoring电子监控emotional catharsis感情宣泄employee assistance program支持员工方案employee ownership员工所有制employee territories员工领地employment enrichment就业丰富化empowerment授权enhancers for leadership领导的放大器enriched sociotechnical work system丰富的社会技术工作体系equal employment opportunity ( eeo) 均等就业机会equal pay act of 1963 1963年公平报酬法案equity sensitivity公平敏感度equity theory公平理论e-r-g model e-r-g模型escalating commitment投入的升级ethical imperative道德约束ethical leadership有道德的领导ethical treatment有道德的对待ethnocentrism民族优越感existence needs生存需要expatriates外派人员expectancy期望expectancy model期望模型experiential learning体验式学习expert power专家性权力extinction消退extrinsic motivators外部激励因素face saving维持脸面facilitators协调员fact premises事实前提feedback反馈feedback-seeking behavior寻求反馈的行为feminine societies女性化社会filtering过滤flexible work schedule弹性工作时间表followership skills追随性技能formal groups正式群体free-rein leaders无控制的领导者frustration挫折感functional effect有益效果fundamental attribution bias基本归因偏差gain sharing收益分享gain-sharing plan收益分享计划genetic monitoring基因监控genetic testing基因测试geocentric organizations地球中心组织goal setting目标设置goals目标goals of organizational behavior组织行为的研究目标gossip chain流言链grapevine小道消息group decision support system群体决策支持系统group dynamics群体动态性groupthink群体思维growth need成长需要hawthorne effect霍桑效应hidden agendas隐蔽的情绪hierarchy of needs需要层级high context culture高度情境文化higher-order needs高级需要holistic ob 整体obhomeostasis内平衡honesty tests诚实测试human relations人际关系human resources approach to ob 的人力资源方法human skill人际技能humanistic values人文价值观hygiene factors保健因素iceberg model of counseling冰山咨询模型impairment testing机能损伤测试imposter phenomenon骗子现象impression management印象管理incentives诱因individual differences个体差异individualism个体主义individualization个性化industrial democracy企业民主inference推断informal groups非正式群体informal leader非正式的领导者informal organization非正式组织information technology信息技术initiation of action行为的触发inputs投入instrumentality工具性interventions干预intrinsic motivators内源性动机因素job breadth工作广度job content工作内容job context工作环境job depth工作深度job diagnostic survey工作诊断调查job enlargement工作扩大化job enrichment工作丰富化job involvement工作投入job rotation工作轮换job satisfaction工作满意度job satisfaction survey工作满意度调查job scope工作范围just-in-time training即时培训kaizen改善lateral communication同级沟通law of diminishing returns回报递减法则law of effect效果法则law of individual differences个体差异性法则layoff survivors sickness裁员幸存者忧虑症leader-member exchange model领导者成员交换模型leader-member relations领导者成员关系leader-position power领导者的职位权力leadership领导leadership style领导风格learned helplessness习得性无助legitimacy of organizational influence组织影响的合法性legitimate power法定性权力liaison individuals传播小道消息的人life position人生立场linking pin联结点locus of control控制点long-term orientation长期取向loose rates宽松的标准low context culture低度背景文化lower-order needs低级需要macro motivation宏观激励management by objectives ( mbo) 目标管理management by walking around ( mbwa) 走动式管理managerial grid管理方格论manipulation of people操纵别人masculine societies男性化社会matrix organization矩阵组织mechanistic organization机械化的组织mentor辅导员micro motivation微观激励middle-management committees中层管理委员会mission使命models of ob组织行为模型morale士气motivating potential score ( mps) 激励潜在指数动机motivationmotivational factors激励因素multi-skilling多面手multiculturalism多元文化主义multinational organizations跨国组织mutuality of interest互惠利益natural work module自然工作模块natural work team自然工作团队negative reinforcement阴性强化negative strokes负面肯定neighborhoods of offices相邻办公室network关系网network charts网络图networking组网行为neutralizers缓冲器noise噪音nominal group名义组织nondirective counseling非指导式咨询nonverbal communication非语言沟通norm of reciprocity互助规范norms规范ombudsperson咨询员open-book management开放式管理open-door policy开门政策open-end questions开放式问题open questions开放问题open system开放系统operant conditioning操作条件作用organic organizations有机的组织organization development ( od) 组织开发organizational behavior ( ob) 组织行为学organizational behavior modification ( ob mod) 组织行为校正organizational behavior system组织行为系统organizational citizens组织公民organizational citizenship behavior组织公民的行为organizational commitment组织忠诚度organizational culture组织文化organizational learning curve for change组织变革学习曲线organizational politics组织政治organizational socialization组织社会化outcomes结果/产出output restriction产出限制over participation参与过度paper-and-pencil test纸-笔测验paradigms范式parent ego state家长式自我心态parochialism乡土观念participation参与participative counseling参与式咨询participative leaders参与型领导者participative management参与型管理path-goal leadership路径目标领导perceived control知觉到的控制perception知觉perceptual set知觉定式performance appraisal绩效评估performance feedback绩效反馈performance gaps绩效偏差performance monitoring绩效监视performance-satisfaction-effort loop绩效满意努力环路personal barriers个人障碍personal power个性权力personal wellness个人幸福philosophy of ob组织行为哲学physical barriers物理障碍physical withdrawal行为退化piece rate计件工资polarization极端化political power政治权力politics政治polygraph多导仪positive reinforcement阳性强化positive strokes正面的肯定post-traumatic stress disorder创伤后遗症power权力power distance权力距离power motivation权力动机practice实践prejudice偏见preventive discipline预防性纪律primary needs基本需要primary outcomes首要产出proactive主动procedure工作程序process consultation进展咨询productivity劳动生产率profit sharing利润分享progressive discipline累进式纪律psychic costs精神代价psychological contract心理契约psychological distance心理距离psychological stress evaluator心理压力测评器psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退化punishment惩罚quality circles质量小组quality of work life ( qwl) 工作生活质量quick fixes快速到位rate setting标准设定reactive反应性的readability可读性realistic job previews实际工作预览reference group参照群体refreezing巩固reinforcement强化reinforcement, continuous连续性强化reinforcement, fixed-interval固定间隔的强化reinforcement, fixed-ratio固定比率的强化reinforcement, variable-interval可变间隔的强化reinforcement, variable-ratio可变比率的强化程序reinforcement schedules强化程序relatedness need关系需要relaxation response放松反应reliability信度reorientation再定位repatriation归国人员research研究resilience弹性resistance to change对变革的抵制result-oriented approach to ob的结果导向方法retraining再培训reverse cultural shock逆向文化冲击reward power奖赏权力rights of privacy隐私权risky shift风险偏移role角色role ambiguity角色模糊role conflict角色冲突role models角色模型role perceptions角色知觉rumor谣言sabbatical leaves安息日假期sanctions奖惩制度secondary needs次级需要secondary outcomes次级产出selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization自我实现self-appraisal自我评价self-concept自我概念self-efficacy自我效能感self-fulfilling prophecy自我实现预期self-leadership自我领导self-managing teams自我管理团队self-perceived task ability自己知觉的工作能力self-serving bias自我服务偏差semantic barriers语义障碍semantics语义学sexual harassment性骚扰shaping塑造short-circuiting超近路short-term orientation短期取向single-loop learning单路学习situational leadership model情境领导模型skill-based pay技能工资skill variety技能多样化social cues社会线索social culture社会文化social desirability bias社会赞许性偏差social equilibrium社会均衡social facilitation群体敦促social information processing社会信息处理socialization社会化social leader社交领导social learning theory社会学习理论social loafing群体惰性social desirable responses社会赞许性反应social responsibility社会责任social support社会支持social system社会系统socioeconomic model of decision making决策的经济社会模型sociotechnical system ( sts) approach社会技术系统模型spillover effect溢出效应stages of team development组织发展的演变status地位status anxiety地位焦虑status deprivation地位丧失status symbols地位象征status system地位系统stress压力stressors压力源stress-performance model压力绩效模型stress threshold压力阀stroking肯定structure结构substitutes for leadership领导的替代品suggestion programs建议计划super leadership超级领导superordinate goal超凡的目标supportive model支持模型surface agenda表面议题surveillance devices监视设施systems approach to obob的系统方法tardiness迟到task identity任务完整性task leader任务领导task significance任务的重要性task structure任务结构task support任务支持task team任务团队team building团队建设teamwork团队合作technical skill技术技能telecommuting电子通勤theft偷窃行为theories理论theory x理论theory y理论theory z理论360-degree feedback度反馈total quality management tqm全面质量管理training multiplier effect培训放大效应traits特质transactional analysis(ta)交互作用分析tran cultural employees跨文化员工transfer of training培训转换transformational leaders转换型领导者trauma创伤triple-reward system三方受益的系统trust信任tunnel vision管窥turnover离职率two-factor model of motivation双因素激励模型two-way communication process双向沟通过程type a people a型人type b people b型人uncertainty avoidance不确定性规避unconditional strokes无条件肯定under participation参与不足unfreezing解冻upward communication上行沟通valence效价validity效度value premises价值观假设valuing diversity重视多样化violence暴力行为virtual offices虚拟办公室vision远景wage incentives奖金刺激whistle-blowing内部员工揭发willingness to accept the influence of others接受他人影响的意愿win-win outcome of conflict冲突的双赢结果work change工作变革work ethic工作伦理workplace trauma工作场所创伤workplace violence工作场所的暴力行为xenophobia排外市场营销学absorption of costs 成本分配accessibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略acquisition new-product development strategy 新产品开发收购战略activity-based costing 以活动为基础的成本系统adaptability 适应性adaptation to market variations 适应市场变化adaptive positioning 适应性定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加adequate size 准确的大小/足够的规模administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直营销系统administrative relationships 管理关系adopter categories 采购者的类型adoption process 采购过程advertising and market segmentation 广告与市场细分advertising and sales promotion 广告和销售促进advertising effects 广告效果advertising ethics 广