英语四级重要知识点.doc

CET-4中介词to的不同搭配介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词，在英语中能和动词、名词、形容词等词搭配，表示种种不同的意思，使用时灵活多变，不易掌握，介词to也不例外。四级考试中，介词to的用法是测试重点之一，应引起特别注意。本文以历年四级真题为依据，总结了介词to的几种常见搭配，并附上历年四级考试中相关的考题，供考生练习。一、 与某些动词一起构成特定搭配英语中由“动词+介词to”构成的动词短语数量很大，而在四级考试中，经常被测试到的此类动词短语也很多，可分为两类：1.“实义动词+介词to”结构adapt to. (适应于)devote . to. (专心于，致力于)add. to. (增加，添加)entitle . to. (给权利、资格等)adhere to . (追随，依附，坚持)stick tocling toexpose. to. (暴露在之下)adjust to . (调整，调节)lead to. (导致，招致)amount to . (达到; 意味着)object to . (反对)appeal to . (恳求; 呼吁)owe . to. (欠；对负有)apply to . (应用，运用；向申请)react to. (对做出反应)attach. to. (系上，附加于，使附属)refer to. (论及，参照; 委托)attend to . (倾听；照顾，料理)resort to . (诉诸于)attribute to . (把归因于，认为是的结果)respond to . (做出反应)belong to . (属于)see to . (负责，留意，照料)compare .to . (与比较；将比作为) stick to. (坚持)confess to . (坦白，坦承)subject . to . (使遭受，使蒙受)conform to . (顺从，与一致)turn to. (翻到；向求助)contribute to. (有助于，促使)yield to. (屈服于).历年四级考题中与上述短语相关的考题很多，下面仅列出一些典型的例子(选项中以黑体字为正确答案)：(1) This is the nurse who _ to me when I was in hospital. (CET-4, 03.6,52)A. entertained B. accompaniedC. attended D. shielded(2) I would never have _ a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (CET-4,02.6,66)A. sought for B. accounted forC. turned up D. resorted to(3) He _ to his customers and halved the price. (CET-4, 02.1,65)A. leaked B. yieldedC. drew D. quoted(4) Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(CET-4, 01.6,55)A. attribute to B. attend toC. contribute to D. devote to(5) I didnt know the word. I had to _ a dictionary. (CET-4, 00.6,35)A. look out B. make outC. refer to D. go over(6) The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.(CET-4, 97.6,58)A. have told B. be toldC. being told D. having told(7) Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _ his opinion. (CET-4, 97.6,60)A. struck at B. strove forC. stuck to D. stood for(8) There is hardly an environment on earth _ some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully. (CET-4,94.6,53)A. to which B. whereverC. so that D. as to(9) The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _ immediately. (CET-4, 93.1,70)A. to B. at C. on D. with(10) Police have _ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them in their inquiries. (CET-4,90.6,44)A. urged B. claimedC. appealed D. called(11) Is it advisable to _ our body to the sunlight? (CET-4, 90.6,62)A. reveal B. displayC. expose D. show2.“be+过去分词 / 形容词 +to”结构be addicted to. (对上瘾)be opposed to. (反对)be attached to. (附属于)be subject to. (易遭的；以为条件的)be due to. (归功于，因为)be used /accustomed to. (习惯于)be objected to. (反对).相关的四级考题如下：(12) The committee is totally opposed _ any changes being made in the plans.(CET-4, 99.1,61)A. of B. on C. to D. against(13) Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture. (CET-4, 98.1,31)A. to have studentsB. for students beingC. for students to beD. to students being(14) The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. (CET-4, 91.6,48)A. objected to havingB. were objected to haveC. objected to haveD. were objected to having二、 与某些名词一起构成特定搭配此类名词与to一起构成固定结构“名词+介词to”，可分为两类：1. 某些固有名词，如admission, access, answer, approach, barrier, key, right, solution等；2. 由相关动词派生而来的名词，如exposure, objection, reaction, response 等。相关的四级考题如下：(15) The British government often says that furnishing children with _ to the information superhighway is a top priority. (CET-4, 03.9,55)A. procedure B. protectionC. allowance D. access(16) I have no objection _ your story again. (CET-4, 00.6,27)A. to hear B. to hearingC. to having heard D. to have heard(17) Does everyone on earth have an equal right _ an equal share of its resources? (CET-4, 98.6,55)A. by B. at C. to D. over(18) The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems. A. to dealing B. in dealingC. dealing D. to deal(19) The doctor told Penny that too much _to the sun is bad for the skin.(CET-4, 95.1,57)A. exposure B. extensionC. exhibition D. expansion(20) It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be. (CET-4, 91.6,42)A. impression B. reactionC. comment D. opinion(21) They have been trying to arrive at a practi-cal solution _ the problem. (CET-4,90.6,49)A. in B. to C. on D. with三、 与某些形容词一起构成特定搭配此类形容词后接介词to，构成特定搭配，可分为三类：1. 某些固有形容词，如contrary, cruel,equivalent, indifferent, parallel, relevant, second, sensitive, similar等；2.形容词superior, inferior, senior, junior等,这些词虽然都是原级形容词，却含有比较意味，后面都不能用than表示比较，而必须用to；3.由相关动词派生而来的形容词，如addicted, applicable, comparable, preferable等。相关的四级考题如下：(22) Some plants are very _ to light; they prefer the shade. (CET-4, 04.1,70)A. sensible B. flexibleC. objective D. sensitive(23) Color and sex are not relevant _ whether a person is suitable for the job.(CET-4, 03.9,45)A. on B. for C. to D. with(24) A dark suit is _ to a light one for evening wear. (CET-4, 03.6, 60)A. proper B. suitableC. favorable D. preferable(25) Physics is _ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.(CET-4, 97.1,24)A. alike B. equivalentC. likely D. uniform(26) Cancer is second only _ heart disease as a cause of death. (CET-4, 96.1,30)A. of B. to C. with D. from(27) Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _ other musicians. (CET-4, 94.1,55)A. more superior toB. more superior thanC. superior toD. superior than(28) What you have done is _ the doctors orders. (CET-4, 90.1,63)A. attached to B. responsible toC. resistant to D. contrary to四、 用于特定的介词短语中含有介词to的介词短语也有很多，具体如下：as to. (关于)thanks to. (多亏，由于)in addition to (加之，除了之外)to ones abilities (capabilities, potential.)(尽某人所能)in contrast to. (与对照)to ones surprise (amazement, relief.)(令人感到)in response to (对做出反应)to some degree (extent)(在某种程度上)owing to. (因为)with reference to. (关于，至于)previous to. (在之前)with /in regard to. (关于，至于)prior to. (先于; 比重要)with respect to. (关于，至于).相关的四级考题如下：(29) _ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.(CET-4, 03.9,46)A. Thanks to B. By means ofC. In line with D. With regard to(30) The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. (CET-4, 00.6,50)A. within B. to C. by D. at(31) Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,with a lot of travelling _ heavy schedules. (CET-4, 99.6.50)A. as to B. in relation toC. owing to D. with regard to(32) Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full _. (CET-4, 97.6,35)A. capacity B. strengthC. length D. possibility(33) It is useful to be able to predict the extent _ which a price change will affect supply and demand. (CET-4, 97.1,29)A. from B. with C. to D. for五、 用于特定句型中介词to 还可以用于某些特定句型中，但此类句型不多，常见的只有两例：when it comes to. (当提到，当论及)see (to it) that. (留意,负责,务必)相关的四级考题如下：(34) Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests.(CET-4, 96.1,36)A. when B. sinceC. before D. after(35) He is late again today. Ill _ that he will not be late tomorrow. (CET-4,9A. be sure B. see to itC. hope for D. make it to介词“to”例解1. I have no objection_ the evening with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending2. The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break them down in to smaller, more easily managed problems.A) to dealing B) in dealing C) dealing D) to deal3) Does everyone on the earth have an equal share of its resources?A) by B) at C) to d) over4) I have no objection ) your story again. A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having eard D) to have heard5) I always _ what I have said. A) get to B) hold to C) lead to D) set to6) Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarette contributes _ the increase of cancers. A) towards B) for C) with D) to 7) He is late again today. Ill _ that he will not be late tomorrow.A) be sure B) hope for C) see to it D) make it to8) Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _ his opinion. A) struck at B) strove for C) stuck to D) stood for9) We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield _ any military hreat.A) up B) to C) in D) at10) Generous public funding of basic science would _ considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.A) result from b) settle down c) lie in D) lead to11) The committee is totally opposed _ any chanes being made in the plans. A) of B) agianst C) on D) to12) I didnt know the word. I had to _ a dictionaryA) Look out B) make out C) refer to D) go over13) We object publishing a whole group for one fault.A) against B) about C0 to D) for 14 ) The match as cancelled because most of the members _ match without a standard court. A) objected to having B) were objected to have C) objected to have D) were objected to having15) What you have done is _ the doctors orders.A) attached to B) responsible to C) resistent to D) contrary to 16) Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _ other musicians.A) superior to B) more superior than C)