高中非谓语动词精选课件.ppt

非谓语动词讲解,Non-predicate Verbs,非谓语,不定式（to do),分词,动名词（-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),- ing分词,-ed分词,非谓语动词讲解一：构成,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）,非谓语动词讲解二 ：谓语动词与非谓语动词,判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法,She got off the bus, _ (leave) her handbag on her seat. 2. She got off the bus, but _ (leave) her handbag on her seat.,leaving,left,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有 连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语 动词的使用中起着关键的作用。,The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room. 2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book. 3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed. 4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.,opened,reading,Work,discussed,To improve,考纲解读,非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。它们是 高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是 高考的亮点又是高考的热点。 【高考考点透视】 1非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。 2非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。 3非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。 4不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在 分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用 法对比。,非谓语动词讲解三：,5不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。 6过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。 7不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等。 8带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。,不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、 宾语补足语、状语。 动名词相当于名词 充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词 充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语.,非谓语动词讲解四：句法作用,1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We need to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.Im glad to see you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,12.Swimming is his favorite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favorite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.,(作主语),(作宾语),(作宾补),(作表语),(作状语),(作定语),非谓语动词讲解,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,非谓语动词讲解五,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,to have been doing,不定式时态的用法,1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生 用一般时态 1) He wanted _ (see) you. 2) I hope _(see) you again._ 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时， 用进行时态 When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时， 用不定式完成时 He is said _ (write) a novel last year. 4. 强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去时，用完成进行式 She is said (work) on the problem for many years.,非谓语动词讲解六,to see,to see,to be reading,to have written,to have been working,不定式被动语态的用法 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here . She asked _ (send) to work in Tibet . The book is said _ (translate) into English.,to be sent,to have been translated,非谓语动词讲解七：,如何确定动词不定式的语态 技巧：找逻辑主语,1. I opened the door _ (enter) the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow.,. 一般式,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,to enter,to be held,(二）进行式 （三）完成式,1. I am very glad _ (work) with you.,2. The book is said _ (translate) into English.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,to be working,to have been translated,解题技巧 非谓语动词题目三步走：,谓语动词/句型的要求: 解析句子结构，确定设空在 句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)； 主被动关系: 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词 与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)； 时间先后顺序: 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非 谓语动词的恰当形式；,非谓语动词讲解八：,EXX. Fill in the blanks with the words given. 1. Tom happened _ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him. 2. We all hope _ (become) scientists. 3. We all want _ (take) part in the sports meet. 4. I happened _ (read) the article when he asked me about it. 5. He pretended _ (be) a driver. 6. When the father came home, the naughty boy pretended _ (do) his homework.,to be passing,be become,to take,to have read,to be,to be doing,7. He is said to _ (write) a novel now.,be writing,8. He is said _ (send) to London already. 9. She is said _ (meet) a fairy one day. 10. Alice is said _ (do) her homework in her own room now. 11. I dont expect them _ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late. 12. These boys are said _ (praise) for doing goods deeds.,to have been sent,to have met,to be doing,to be waiting,to be praised,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,非谓语动词讲解,1.作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ (get )there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ (help) the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ (spend ) our holiday in the mountains,二. 动词不定式的句法作用,非谓语动词讲解,to get,to help,to spend,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind _ you to give me some help. Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,非谓语动词讲解,for,for,of,of,2.作表语,1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性),_(do) two things at a time is to do neither,一次做两件事等于未做。,_ (see) is to believe.,百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）,2)系动词be, appear, seem, prove后用to do形式做表语； be to do ,be about to do结构表将来时: He is to marry Rose. He was about _ (enter) when he heard a cry.,非谓语动词讲解,To do,To see,to enter,3).如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用。,His wish is _ (buy) a car in the near future.,他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。,The most important thing is _ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.,最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染,4).What she wants to do most now is _ (travel) abroad.(主语是what, all引导的名词性从句),非谓语动词讲解,to buy,to take,to travel,Exx: To live is _ (struggle). Her wish is _ (become) a doctor. I was just about _ (leave) the office when the phone rang. My job is _ (look) after the children today. 我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。 We _ the large factory. 6. What interested me most was _ (find) such a thing in the forest.,7. The captain seemed _(hesitate) for a moment. 8. His words proved _ (correct).,to struggle,to become,to leave,to look,are to visit,to find,to hesitate,to be correct,常见动词有：,3.作宾 语 如：want to do,I want to know this matter.,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? 2. He said he wished _ ( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.,to get,to be,to go,to dance,to give,非谓语动词讲解,补充能接不定式作宾语的动词有： expect, pretend, refuse, plan, learn, manage, offer, afford, help (to) do, determine, intend, attempt, desire I cant afford _ (buy) a car. Have you learnt _ (drive) a car? The stranger offered _ (show) me the way. Price Harry asked _ (send) to serve in the army. The patient desired _ (tell) the truth. They are planning _ (visit) London next year.,to buy,to drive,to show,to be sent,to be told,to visit,begin start continue,+,to do doing,注意下列动词,非谓语动词讲解,like love hate prefer,+,to do doing,非谓语动词讲解,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,非谓语动词讲解,. regret doing sth遗憾/后悔做过某事 . regret to do sth.表示对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉”、 “遗憾”，后面只限于用几个动词say, tell, inform等。,try mean stop go on cant help,+,to do doing,非谓语动词讲解,非谓语动词讲解,1. 不定式与动名词无区别 start begin continue 注意 下列情况中begin和start后须接不定式 主语是物不是人 Spring came on, and the snow began to melt. begin和start用于进行时态 Its beginning to snow. 后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand, realize, know I began to realize how stupid I was. 后接不定式被动式 The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.,2. 不定式与动名词区别细微 love hate like prefer 后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动作 I like _ (swim) in summer. I didnt like _ (swim) that day.,非谓语动词讲解,swimming,to swim,3.不定式与动名词区别很大 : remember forget regret try mean stop go on cant help I remember visiting his parents when I went to the town. Ill remember to visit his parents when I go to the town. Hes forgotten switching off the light. He forgot to switch off the light when he left. I regret saying those words. I regret to say that I cant come tonight. He tried teaching the children in a new way. He tried to teach the children as much as he could.,非谓语动词讲解,1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off,非谓语动词讲解,Exx. The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk). She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble. He forgot even _ (write) to me, so he wrote another one. I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week. I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.,6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces. 7. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after you have finished this one. 8. Though it began to rain, they went on _ (get) In the crops on the field.,talking,reading,writing,bringing,to tell,liberating,to do,getting,注意句型： it作形式宾语 如：find it +adj+ to do,I find/feel to work with him interesting ,I find/feel _ interesting to work with him,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider +adj/n + to do sth.,1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go? 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law. 5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,非谓语动词讲解,it,宾语,宾补,it,it,it,it,it,to,to,to,to,to,2) consider what to do tell me what to do 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。,They are considering what to do next.,They told me what to do next.,注意句型：,非谓语动词讲解,（宾语）,（ 宾补）,1. 你能告诉我该如何解决这个问题吗？ Could you tell me _ the problem. 2. 我们想知道下周我们去哪里? We wonder _ next week. 3. We have no idea about what _ (do) next. 4. She gave us some advice on how _ (learn) foreign language. 5. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _ (该选哪个).,how to solve,where to go,to do,to learn,which to choose,4.作宾语补足语 如：tell sb.to do sth,(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),1. Mother told me _come back before 10 oclock. 2.Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _change his mind? 4.I wish you_ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him.,to,to,to,to,to,非谓语动词讲解,主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,advise ,allow ,ask beg, cause（促使） ,expect encourage ,force get, hate, invite order, wish, oblige（强制，迫使） want, warn ,remind promise ,permit persuade ,request,sb. to do,非谓语动词讲解,The soldiers forced the enemy _ (give) in. Our teacher advises us _ (do) more reading aloud every morning. They would not allow him _ (risk) going across the enemy line. Will you permit me _ (go) to the cinema? The young man persuaded his father _ (give) up smoking. The government calls on people_ (protect) the environment. We can depend on the workers _ (carry) out the plan.,to give,to do,to risk,to go,to give,to carry,to protect,8. Greenhouse gases cause the earths atmosphere _ (heat) up.,to heat,see watch look at hear listen to feel notice observe,+,sb.,+,do doing done,make let have,非谓语动词讲解,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened to felt noticed observed,+,to do,made let,非谓语动词讲解,例如：,注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如：,He is often heard _ (sing) the song,He was seen _(enter) the room.,to sing,to enter,非谓语动词讲解,理解： I saw someone come in. I saw someone coming in. He had his horse _ (jump) over the fence. The lady was watched _ (leave) her room silence. He made the boy _ (clean) room. Did you notice anyone _ (enter) my room? Though he had often made his little sister_ (cry), today he was made _ (cry) by his little sister.,8. Last night the girls were heard _ (sing) in the classroom. 9. The local people were made _ (leave). 10. Some children were observed _ (pick) the flowers.,我看到有人进来了。（已进来）,我看到有人正往里来（正在走）,jump,to leave,clean,enter,cry,to cry,to sing,to leave,to pick up,括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate. 4. I saw him _ into the small store. A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone 5. Tell the boy _ out of the window. not to look B. to not look C. dont look D. not look,help,(to) water,cry,to cry,非谓语动词讲解,to be taken,非谓语动词讲解,让，要 have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 = have sth. done 让某事被做 例： I have him _ (repair) my watch. =I have my watch _ (repair). have sb./ sth. doing 让某人或某事一直进 行某动作或保持某状态 例： I had my car waiting outside. I wont have you smoking. have sth. to do 有某事要做,比较 例释,repair,repaired,Exx: I had him _ (repair) my bike. = I got him _ (repair) my bike. 2. It is too cold, we have the fire _ （burn) all night long. 3. He had me _ (wait) for a long time. 4. I want to have this film _ (develop) .,repair,to repair,burning,waiting,developed,非谓语动词讲解,动词不定式省略to 词组 had better, would rather, had rather, rather than, cant (help) but, might as well（不妨） Lets finish the work today rather than _ (leave) it off till tomorrow. 句型 Why not Why not join us? 在介词but, except, besides前面的结构中，有行为动词do, choose ( do / choosebut do sth. 其它动词 but to do sth. ) I did nothing but_ (wait) for you. There seemed nothing else to do but _(wait) for you. I couldnt choose but_ (wait) . I had no choice but_ (wait) for you.,wait,wait,to wait,wait,leave,Yesterday I did nothing but _ (watch) TV. He wanted nothing but _ (enjoy) himself at the moment. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ (lay) down their guns. We can not choose but _ (hear). Bod did nothing except _ (play) tennis. We had nothing to do except _ (fight) against the pollution. It had no effect except _ (make) him angry.,watch,to enjoy,to lay,hear,play,fight,to make,另：nothing but仅仅，只不过,只有 I want nothing but the best for my children. Youre nothing but a thief.,我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。,你只不过是个小偷。,：不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。,I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.,我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。,Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?,你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？,The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is very important.,5. 作定语,eg.I have something to tell you.,非谓语动词讲解,to be held,不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动） 比较： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washed,She has a lot of work to do in the morning.,早上他有很多工作要做。,非谓语动词讲解,自己洗,别人洗,不定式做定语除了一般式to do外，还有下面的形式，即：不定式的被动形式to be done 注意：当不定式做定语时，有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。 1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动，可以不区别。如：There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。 2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。如： 1) Mr.Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I) 2) Please give me some books_ (read).请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me) 但：Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动),to be sent,to ask,to read,Im hungry. Get me something_ (eat). He will show you the right path_ (take). Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hands. The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.,to eat,to take,5. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us. 6. We have a composition _ (write). 7. He told me about the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting. 8. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.,to ask,to be sent,to do,to write,to be discussed,to be built,不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room _(live).,I need a pen to write _.,我需要一支笔写字。（介词不能省略）,Please give me a knife _(cut).,to live in,to cut with,with,非谓语动词讲解,1. We are looking a room _. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with 3.I have something important to say. please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （写）,to write on,to write with,非谓语动词讲解,2）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.,不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，序数词(first, second,)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的词有逻辑上主谓关系,Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.,非谓语动词讲解,这样的名词常用的有：way，time，reason，chance，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan, ambition, effort等。 如1.Its time for you _ up an