The_Physics_of_Atkins阿特金斯减肥法.pptx

the physics of atkins,漫话阿特金斯的物理原理,-by kidd & johnny,translation,阿特金斯节食法使许多科学家感到挠头。把碳水化合物换成蛋白质怎么能帮助人们减肥呢？毕竟一卡路里就是一卡路里不管它的来源是什么，对吧？ 美国州立大学康斯泰特医学中心的生物化学家理查德费恩曼和尤金费恩认为这是不对的。“对低糖节食进行批评的人们经常引用热力学定律，但是他们并不能准确地理解它们”，费恩曼如是说。 他认为热力学中的两大定律都与这种饮食法有着联系紧密。阿特金斯减肥法的反对者往往在强调热力学第一定律的重要性，即能量总是守恒的。费恩曼则认为热力学第二定律的重要性同样不可忽视，即机体中热量随时间而消耗。这一定律决定了食物中的能量在机体内分解后将如何转化。“我们都知道以分子为单位进行计算时机体未能高效的将蛋白质中转化为葡萄糖。 那意味着更多的能量以热量的形式散失掉，”因此从蛋白质中获取的每一卡路里将会转化为更多的热量；而从碳水化合物中获取的卡路里将更多地保留在机体中。 费恩曼强调他的论据仅仅是从物理学角度出发的。他说：“针对任何饮食法对于健康的长期影响，我都不会轻易地下定论。但是随着肥胖问题的蔓延，从长远角度考虑，我们不妨尝试一下这种饮食法。”,background knowledge,the atkins diet, officially called the atkins nutritional approach, is a low-carbohydrate diet promoted by robert atkins from a research paper he read in the journal of the american medical association published by dr. alfred w. pennington, titled “weight reduction“, published in 1958. atkins used the study to resolve his own overweight condition. he later popularized the method in a series of books, starting with dr. atkins diet revolutionin 1972. in his second book, dr. atkins new diet revolution (2002), he modified parts of the diet but did not alter the original concepts. the most recent version of the diet which incorporates the most recent advances in science was authored by dr. eric c. westman, m.d.; dr. stephen d. phinney, m.d. and dr. jeff s. volek, ph.d.,atkins diet,the atkins diet involves limited consumption of carbohydrates to switch the bodys metabolism from metabolizing glucose as energy over to converting stored body fat to energy. this process, called ketosis, begins when insulin levels are low; in normal humans, insulin is lowest when blood glucose levels are low (mostly before eating). reduced insulin levels induceslipolysis which consumes fat to produce ketone bodies. on the other hand, caloric carbohydrates (for example, glucose orstarch, the latter made of chains of glucose) affect the body by increasing blood sugar after consumption. (in the treatment of diabetes, blood sugar levels are used carbohydrate counting.) fiber, because of its low digestibility, provides little or no food energy and does not significantly affect glucose and insulin levels.,dr.atkins & his food,the atkins,richard david feinman,richard david feinman (born 1940) is a professor of biochemistry and medical researcher at state university of new york health science center at brooklyn who studies nutrition and metabolism. his current area of research is the area of diet composition and energy balance. he is generally credited for doing the first serious scientific research on the atkins diet.he has published articles on application of thermodynamics to nutrition.,new words & expressions,scratch ones head: to think hard in order to find an answer to something invoke: to mention a person, a theory, an example, etc. o support your opinions or ideas, or as a reason for something eg: she invoked several eminent scholars to back up her arguement,1.detractor: one who disagrees or belittles the worth of something 2.conserve:(1) keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction (2)keep constant through physical or chemical reactions or evolutionary change 3.dissipate:to cause to separate and go in different directions,new words & expressions,4.molecular: relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules molecule: a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electrically neutra