新GRE-ARGUMENT-写作题库、翻译、及思路1.pdf

这里收集了新这里收集了新 GRE 的的 argument 题库中题库中1-36的题目、翻译、逻辑的题目、翻译、逻辑 成分、思路等。供大家参考！ ！ ！ （剩余的，见后续文档）成分、思路等。供大家参考！ ！ ！ （剩余的，见后续文档） 祝大家考祝大家考 G 成功！成功！ 新新 GRE Argument 1 Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a “Palean“ basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 题目翻译 一种有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄 Palea 的临近地区发现过， 因而被认为是只有 Palea 居民才 制作这种篮子。 然而最近， 考古学家在一个与 Palea 隔着 Brim 河的古代村庄 Lithos 发现了这样一个 Palea 篮子。 Brim 河又深又宽， 所以古代 Palea 人只能坐船穿过它， 但没有发现船只。 因而可以断定所谓的 Palea 篮子并不是 Palea 所独有的。说明：写一篇文章，阐述需要哪些具体的证据来评价这个论证过程，并解 释这些证据如何削弱或强化这个论证过程。 题目分析 A. 是推出结论的一个判断，正确找出原文中的前提(可能是隐性的)后才能有效地找出攻击起点，请简要写 出前提 隐性前提Palea 篮子不可能是 Palea 人带到 Lithos 的 B. 是原题作者根据前提最后得出的判断，也就是我们需要攻击的核心部分，请在简要写出原作者的结论 the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean 译所谓的 Palea 篮子并不是 Palea 所独有的 C. 是作者用来支持前提并推导出结论的支撑材料，分为正面论据与负面论据，请简要写出原文中提供的论 据 1.Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people 译一种有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄 Palea 的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是只有 Palea 居民才制作这种篮子 2.recently archaeologists discovered such a Paleanbasket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea 译考古学家在一个与Palea隔着Brim河的古代村庄Lithos发现了这样一个Palea 篮子 3.the Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found 译Brim河又深又宽， 所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它， 但没有发现船只 Argument 提纲 1、 即使 PALEA 人不能也没有必要过河， 是否就代表 LITHOS 的人不会从河那一边过来然后把篮子带回去？ 篮子是否一定要用船运过河？请解释此情况并给与补充。 2、是否有可能存在其他有强大航海技术的其他人从此地经过，以贸易、战争等手段将 PALEA 的篮子传递 给了 LITHOS？请解释此情况并给与补充。 3、即使当时不能将篮子传递过去，是否在以后的时间里就没人会去把篮子带过河？请描述其他情况。 4、BRIM 河现在的情况（又宽又深）和史前情况是否一样？请分析该问题。 新新 GRE Argument 3 171 The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.”Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.“ Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 隐藏题目翻译 题目翻译 以下文字出自于中央广场的一家商户寄给编辑的一封信： “最近两年，中央广场的购物者逐渐减少，但滑 板的受欢迎程度却大大增加。许多中央广场的商户认为，正是由于那些在这里玩滑板的人太多，才使他们 的生意受到影响。 广场上的垃圾数量和破坏公物现象也大大增加。 因此， 我们建议禁止在中央广场玩滑板。 如果这里禁止玩滑板，我们预测中央广场的生意会和以前一样兴隆。 ”说明：写一篇文章，阐述一些需要 解决的问题，以判断论证过程以及建立在此论证过程基础上的建议是否合理。一定要解释这些问题的答案 如何帮助我们评价这个建议。 题目分析 A. 是推出结论的一个判断，正确找出原文中的前提(可能是隐性的)后才能有效地找出攻击起点，请简要写 出前提 if skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels 译如果这里禁止玩滑板，我们预测中央广场的生意会和以前一样兴隆 B. 是原题作者根据前提最后得出的判断，也就是我们需要攻击的核心部分，请在简要写出原作者的结论 we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza 译我们建议禁止在中央广场玩 滑板 C. 是作者用来支持前提并推导出结论的支撑材料，分为正面论据与负面论据，请简要写出原文中提供的论 据 1.over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically 译最近两年，中央广场的购物者 逐渐减少，但滑板的受欢迎程度却大大增加 2.many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza 译许多中央广场的商户认为，正是由于那些在这里玩滑板的 人太多，才使他们的生意受到影响 3.there has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza 译广场上的垃圾数量和破坏公物现象也大大增加 Argument 提纲 1、 在中央广场， 玩滑板的人太多就一定是不好的现象么？是否存在其他因素与购物者逐渐减少有更直接的 关系？请举例并简述。 2、 广场上的垃圾数量和破坏公物现象是否是由玩滑板的人造成的？这些是中央广场失去往日吸引力的主要 原因么？还有哪些其他更直接的原因会导致中央广场失去吸引力？请举例并简述。 3、对商户的调查能否代表所有人的态度？ “商户”和“所有人”这两个群体之间是否存在差异？哪些差 异将导致效果的不同？请举例并简述。 4、是否禁止了滑板人们就会重新在中央广场聚集起来娱乐或休闲？缺少哪些过渡措施？请举例并简述。 新新 GRE Argument 4 The following appeared in a letter from a homeowner to a friend.”Of the two leading real estate firms in our townAdams Realty and Fitch RealtyAdams Realty is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; in contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams Realty.“ Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 题目翻译 以下文字出自于一位房屋主人写给朋友的一封信： “在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司-Adams Realty 和 Fitch Realty-之中，Adams 显然更优秀一些。Adams 有40名房地产经纪人，而 Fitch 只有25名，而 且其中很多人是兼职。而且，Adams 去年的收入是 Fitch 的两倍，其平均房价为$168000，而 Fitch 仅为 $144000。在 Adams 销售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给 Fitch，它用了四个多月才卖 出去；去年，我在 Adams 卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了。因此，如果想让你的房产卖的更快更 高价，你应该选择 Adams 房地产公司。 ”说明：写一篇文章，检查论证过程中陈述和/或未陈述的假设。 一定要解释论证过程是如何依赖这些假设建立的，如果这些假设被证明是不合理的，对于论证过程来说有 哪些潜在影响。 题目分析 A. 是推出结论的一个判断，正确找出原文中的前提(可能是隐性的)后才能有效地找出攻击起点，请简要写 出前提 of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior 译在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司-Adams Realty 和 Fitch Realty-之中，Adams 显然 更优秀一些 B. 是原题作者根据前提最后得出的判断，也就是我们需要攻击的核心部分，请在简要写出原作者的结论 if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams Realty 译如果 想让你的房产卖的更快更高价，你应该选择 Adams C. 是作者用来支持前提并推导出结论的支撑材料，分为正面论据与负面论据，请简要写出原文中提供的论 据 1.Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time 译Adams 有40名房地产经纪人，而 Fitch 只有25名，而且其中很多人是兼职 2.Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000 译Adams 去年的收入是 Fitch 的两倍，其平均房 价为$168000，而 Fitch 仅为$144000 3.homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month 译在 Adams 销售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给 Fitch， 它用了四个多月才卖出去；去年，我在 Adams 卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了 Argument 提纲 为什么要写提纲？ 文章结构是决定一篇文章质量的重要因素， 你在写文章之前， 应该先想清楚如何对文章进行谋篇布局， 而提纲训练就可以解决这一问题。通过写提纲，了解你的文章中的每一个核心要素，避免在写作时跑题或 出现逻辑错误。此外，对于一些考试巨大的题库，你在没有时间写完所有题目时，也可以通过写提纲来覆 盖更多的题目。 如何进行 Argument 作文提纲练习 我们根据 Argument 题目中的论证过程设计了若干问题，你只需要回答这些问题，就可以找到论证 过程的逻辑错误，并得到文章的基本结构。 1、 房地产公司的工作效果和经纪人数量和工作时间是否存在必然联系？有哪些更重要的影响因素？请举例 说明。 编辑 1、2个公司的经纪人数量不一样，不能说明工作效果怎样。A 公司人数多，但是大部分经纪人自身水平、 能力、专业素养不明，可能大部分经纪人能力一般或较差。F 公司，经纪人人数少，可能大部分都是精英。 办事效果好，能在短时间内把工作做好做精，而后多余时间做别的事。 2、2个公司工作制度不一样，如只要任务在规定时间上完成，在哪完成不重要。这样，可能导致大部分员 工选择在公司工作的时间短。 3、工作效果并不和经纪人数量和工作时间有必然联系。 2、由收入差距和平均房价能说明什么问题？有哪些原因可以更直接的导致价格不同？请举例说明。 编辑 1、A 和 F 公司业务对象可能不一样。A 可能主要针对较高层次的房子，F 可能针对大众水平的房子。这样 A 公司的平均房价肯定就比 F 公司的高。 2、这个地区地段有好差之分。A 公司的业务可能在人多地段好的地方，这样，房价高、购买力大导致总收 入高是可能的。 3、可能买同样的房子 A 公司收的价格比 F 公司多。 3、 能否根据 “经纪人数量、 工作时间” 、“收入差距和平均房价” 以及 “Adams 卖房更快” 三点就判断 Adams 更优秀？还缺少哪些必要信息？ 编辑 1、虽然都是房地产经纪公司，但消费群不明。也不知道他们卖同等地段同等水平的房子的能力如何。 2、十年前，A 卖房情况如何，不明！F 卖房在同等水平的公司中怎样，不明！ 4、作者自己的个例能否为 Adams 销售房屋更快提供足够依据？存在哪些不足？ 编辑 1、A 公司假若十年前销售同等水平的房子，效果怎样，不明！ 2、公司是发展的。十年前 F 公司或许只是发展初期，工作效率低是很正常的，但它不能说明现在 F 公司 怎样。 5、 作者的两套房产是否完全相同？在不同的时间和环境下是否可以把两处房产相提并论？都有哪些因素会 影响房子卖得快慢？请举例说明。 编辑 1、作者十年前的房子的所处地段、房子本身质量、结构、专修等不明，或许因为这些条件不好，才卖了4 个月，但说不定这四个月在当时，已经算很快了。现在这个房子，地段、结构、装饰等条件好，才卖得快。 2、十年前的物价和现在的物价不一样；十年前，民众对房子的需求和现在的不一样；十年前，民众的购买 力不一样 6、是否因为 Adams 优秀就一定能保证把所有人的房产买的更快更高价？还缺少哪些必要信息？ 编辑 A 的主打销售对象， 新新 GRE Argument 5 159 173 The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.”On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the islands moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seavilles town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals.“ Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 隐藏题目翻译 题目翻译 以下文字出自一封寄给 Balmer Island Gazette 的编辑的信： “在 Balmer Island，摩托车是非常普遍的一 种交通工具，Balmer Island 的人口在夏季达到了十万。为减少由摩托车和行人引发的事故数量，Balmer Island市委应把本岛六个摩托车和自行车出租公司的摩托车出租数量在夏季从每天50辆限制到每天25辆。 通过限制出租数量， 市委将能够实现摩托车事故每年减少50的目标， 就像去年邻岛 Seaville 市委实施了 类似的对于摩托车出租的限制后所达到的那样。 ”说明：写一篇文章，阐述一些需要解决的问题，以判断 论证过程以及建立在此论证过程基础上的建议是否合理。一定要解释这些问题的答案如何帮助我们评价这 个建议。 还未添加注释点击这里添加 题目分析 参考答案 A. 是推出结论的一个判断，正确找出原文中的前提(可能是隐性的)后才能有效地找出攻击起点，请简要写 出前提 隐性前提Balmer Island 人口增加会造成摩托车事故数量增加；Seaville 市的计划有效果而且对 Balmer 同样适用 B. 是原题作者根据前提最后得出的判断，也就是我们需要攻击的核心部分，请在简要写出原作者的结论 by limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents 译通过限制出租数量，市委将能够实现摩托车事故每年减少50的目标 C. 是作者用来支持前提并推导出结论的支撑材料，分为正面论据与负面论据，请简要写出原文中提供的论 据 1.on Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation 在 Balmer Island 译 摩托车是非常普遍的一种交通工具 2.the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months 译Balmer Island 的人口在夏季 达到了十万 3.to reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the islands moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season 译为减少由摩托车和行人引发的事故数量， Balmer Island 市委应把本岛六个摩托车和自行车出租公司的摩托车出租数量在夏季从每天50辆限制到每 天25辆 4.the 50 percent was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seavilles town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals 译去年邻岛 Seaville 市委实施了类似的对于 摩托车出租的限制后，摩托车事故每年减少50 Argument 提纲 同主题提纲 为什么要写提纲？ 文章结构是决定一篇文章质量的重要因素， 你在写文章之前， 应该先想清楚如何对文章进行谋篇布局， 而提纲训练就可以解决这一问题。通过写提纲，了解你的文章中的每一个核心要素，避免在写作时跑题或 出现逻辑错误。此外，对于一些考试巨大的题库，你在没有时间写完所有题目时，也可以通过写提纲来覆 盖更多的题目。 如何进行 Argument 作文提纲练习 我们根据 Argument 题目中的论证过程设计了若干问题，你只需要回答这些问题，就可以找到论证 过程的逻辑错误，并得到文章的基本结构。 1、Balmer Island 的人口增长了，摩托车事故数量就会增加吗？哪些因素（比如：人们不遵守交通规则、 路面状况差，等）可能引发摩托车事故？这些因素一定与人口数量有关吗？请举例说明。 编辑 The populations increasing of Balmer Island would not necessarily lead to the increase accidents between mopeds and pedestrains. The factors contributing to the accidents, as follows: 1 the number of mopeds is so few that the people in B have to compete with each other for taking the mopeds, which, to some extend, is more likely to cause assidents. 2 As likely as not| In all likelihood, the road in B Island may be very poor in quality and people are not willing to comply with the traffic regulations. 3the drivers are not skillful at driving mopeds, because mopeds are imported in these two years. 2、 “摩托车的数量”越少， “涉及到摩托车和行人的交通事故”就越少吗？即使这样， “限制摩托车的出租 数量”就一定能减少“摩托车的数量”吗？请举例说明。 编辑 Even if the less number of mopeds brings about the less accidents between mopeds and pedestrains, limiting the number of retanls will not sure to reduce the number of rentals. It is possible that, the total number of mopeds individually possessed by many people, far outnumber the rentals. Although the town council control the amount of rentals, it cannot relieve the issue radiacally. 3、即使限制数量可以降低事故数量，从每天50辆减少到25辆的力度能否有效地降低事故数量，从而达到 降低50%的目标？ 编辑 Admittedly, to a certain extent, circumscribing the quantity of mopeds can decrease the number of accidents. But, by reducing the number of retal mopeds from 50 per day to 25 per day, it cannot, to a greater extent, radically effectively decline the number and achieve the goal of reducing by 50 percent, if the drivers lengthen the work time and quicken the driving speed for make money, which, in turns, aggravate the accident. 4、Seaville 市去年摩托车事故减少了50%，一定是因为采取了类似的对于摩托车出租的限制吗？去年摩托 车事故减少了50%，那么每年都会减少50%吗？ 编辑 Maybe S Island enforce the decrease of all mopeds, including rental and individual mopeds that achieve the result. Even if S adopted the same strategy last year, it only proves the strategy being effevtive and successful in the past year, rather than current. Without further evidences support the strategy is implemented well now and have the trend to remain effecttive in the future, the strategy is unconvincing| not cogent|ungrounded|not working. 5、 Torseau 和 Balmer 之间情况是否完全一样？去年和今年的情况是否相同？有哪些必要的问题需要提前 考虑？ 编辑 Torseau and Balmer are two different, albeit neighbor, islands. The population and the amount of mopeds, which are two of the crucial factors affecting the result, are likely to be different. In addition, the size, climate, custom, mores of the two islands are also different. Accordingly, the situation and condition between the two islands are impossible the same. So, some necessary factors must be took into consideration. For example, the size of S is far smaller than Bs, and it is proper for S to reduce the superfluities. However, B must consider and analyse its condition and compare it with S, and then makes a deliberate conclusion. 新新 GRE Argument 6 Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deers being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea. Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 隐藏题目翻译 题目翻译 北极鹿生活在加拿大北极区域的岛屿上。它们全年都在冰上从一个岛到另一个岛地移动以寻找食物。它们 的栖居地是有限制的，必须足够温暖以维持它们食用的植物的生长，并且至少在一年中某些时候足够冷， 使岛屿间的海面结冰，这样它们就可以在岛屿间迁徙。不幸的是，根据当地猎人的报告，鹿的数量正在减 少。因为这一报告正好与最近导致海冰融化的全球变暖趋势同时发生，我们可以得出结论：传说的北极鹿 数量的减少是因为它们无法按它们古老的迁徙模式穿越结冰海面。说明：写一篇文章，阐述需要哪些具 体的证据来评价这个论证过程，并解释这些证据如何削弱或强化这个论证过程。 还未添加注释点击这里添加 题目分析 参考答案 A. 是推出结论的一个判断，正确找出原文中的前提(可能是隐性的)后才能有效地找出攻击起点，请简要写 出前提 according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining 译根据当地猎人的报 告，鹿的数量正在减少 these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, 译这一报告正好与最近导致海冰融化的全球变暖趋势同时发生 B. 是原题作者根据前提最后得出的判断，也就是我们需要攻击的核心部分，请在简要写出原作者的结论 the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deers being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea 译传说的北极鹿数量的减少是因为它们无法按它们 古老的迁徙模式穿越结冰海面 C. 是作者用来支持前提并推导出结论的支撑材料，分为正面论据与负面论据，请简要写出原文中提供的论 据 1.Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year 译北极鹿生活在加拿大北极区域的岛屿上。它们全 年都在冰上从一个岛到另一个岛地移动以寻找食物 2.their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it 译它们的栖居地是有限制的，必须足够温暖以维持它们食用的植物的生长，并且 至少在一年中某些时候足够冷，使岛屿间的海面结冰，这样它们就可以在岛屿间迁徙 Argument 提纲 1、猎人的报告能否客观反映出鹿的数量？存在哪些局限性？请给予简单解释说明。 保 存 取 消 2、全球变暖就会使北极鹿居住地的冰融化吗？是否变暖后就不能达到“至少在一年中某些时候足够冷”的 要求？请简单描述此问题。 保 存 取 消 3、除了不能迁徙，还有哪些其他因素 (例如，环境问题、过度捕杀、紫外线)对鹿数量减少有影响？ 新新 GRE Argument 7 98 99 The following is a recommendation from the Board of Directors of Monarch Books.”We recommend that Monarch Books open a caf in its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the caf would attract more customers. Space could be made for the caf by discontinuing the childrens book section, which will probably become less popular given that the most recent national census indicated a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten. Opening a caf will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened its own caf .“ Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 隐藏题目翻译 题目翻译 以下是Monarch书店董事会的一份提案：“我们建议Monarch书店应该在店内开设一个咖啡厅。 Monarch 已经在它的店址上经营了二十余年，由于其广泛挑选各种题材的图书而广为人知，也因此拥有庞大的顾客 群。显然，开设咖啡厅能吸引更多的