人大在职硕专业英语考试 (2017年).doc

一 选择题(每题1分，共10分)1. Categorical data can be further divided into nominal and _ data.A. quantitativeB. scale C. qualitativeD. ordinal2. For a sample with the data 10,8,20,25,12, the sample mean is _A. 14B. 15C. 16D. 173. Let X be Binomial(4,0.5), then P(X=0) is _A. 1/8B. 1/4C. 1/16D. 1/24. Which number is the square of some integer?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 95. The range for the Pearson correlation coefficient is_A. 0,1B. -1,1C. (-1,1)D. -1,06. Which of the following is NOT used to a measure of central tendency?A. meanB. medianC. modeD. variance7. Which of the following is a method of statistical inference?A. meanB. frequency tableC. box-plotD. t-test8. Let X,Y be the two random variable, which of the following is TRUE?A. E(X-Y)=EX-EYB. E(XY)=EXEYC. E(X/Y)=EX/EYD. Var(X+Y)=Var(X)+Var(Y)9. What does the abbreviation s.t. stands for?A. that isC. for exampleC. such thatD. because10.What does the abbreviation i.e. stands for?A. that isC. for exampleC. such thatD. because二 将下面的统计术语翻译成中文或者英文(每题1分，共20分)1. 描述性统计2. 点估计3. 正态分布4. 最大似然估计5. 总体6. 假设检验7. 实验设计8. 方差分析9. 中心极限定理10. 大数定律11. Probability12. Statistics13. Unbiased estimate14. Multiple regression15. Bernoulli distribution16. Time series17. Multicollinearity18. Density function19. Histogram20. Random variable三 将下面的句子翻译成英文(每题4分，共20分)1. 统计学是一门收集，整理，分析和解释数据的学科2. X1, X2 Xn是一列独立同分布的随机变量。3. 二项分布B(n,p)的数学期望是np，方差是np(1-p).4. 因为p值小于0.05， 因此我们拒绝原假设。5. 变量分为定量变量和定性变量。四 将下面的段落翻译成中文(每题5分，共20分)1. The regression models of standard linear regression require a continuous response variable. In this section, we consider models with a categorical response. There are many types of these models, and we first consider logistic regression models. The simple logistic regression model is a way to model the probability of a success, as a function of the continuous predictor x. 2. Both empirical processes and semiparametric inference techniques have become increasingly important tools for solving statistical estimation and inference problems. These tools are particularly important when the statistical model for the data at hand is semiparametric, in that it has one or more unknown component which is a function, measure or some other infinite dimensional quantity. Semiparametric models also typically have one or more finite-dimensional Euclidean parameters of particular interest.3. The basic idea of nonparametric inference is to use data to infer an unknown quantity while making as few assumptions as possible. Usually, this means using statistical models that are infinite-dimensional. Indeed, a better name for nonparametric inference might be infinite-dimensional inference.4. Data mining is a complex and automated process, which faces many risks, like the fact that data-sets may be affected by error, the possibility of selection bias and non-independent observations. Thus, successful data mining needs to follow all the necessary steps to provide meaningful solutions. 五. 写作(30分)1. 谈谈你对统计学的认识，例如什么是统计学，统计学的方法或者统计学的应用。（不少于100个英文词）统计学是经验主义在现代科学研究与现代生活中的体现。来自于理性主义的科学理论（无论是自然科学还是社会科学）如果不通过现实中的数据加以检验，就无法成为真正值得信赖的结论。同时，统计学理论本身也成为了一门科学，在更有效更合理地利用数据的实践中产生了越来越多的理性成果。统计学还与各类其他学科高度紧密结合成为新的分支学科。以经济学为例，统计学与经济学结合成为计量经济学，该分支高度关注因果推断与实证分析，较少关注预测。Statistics is the embodiment of empiricism in modern scientific research and modern life. The scientific theory from rationalism (whether natural science or social science) can not be truly trustworthy if it is not tested through real data. At the same time, the theory of statistics itself has become a science, and more and more rational results have been produced in the practice of using data more effectively and rationally.Statistics has also been closely integrated with other disciplines to become a new branch. Take economics as an example, statistics and economics combine to become econometrics. This branch pays close attention to causal inference and empirical analysis, and pays little attention to prediction.2. 以生活中的统计学为题，描述统计学在日常生活中的应用。（不少于150个英文词） 在日常生活中，统计学在两方面得到应用，一方面是统计思维的训练让人们看待问题更加细致、全面；另一方面是一些基本的模型分析可以让生活决策更为理性。首先谈第一个方面。人们在日常生活中看问题容易简单地只考察均值与简单相关关系。统计思维告诉我们，对于高度非对称的数据，单纯使用均值并不能很好地描述数据分析。另外，单纯考虑两变量的相关关系但不考察这个关系是否显著，也会将生活决策带入误区。关于第二个方面，一些简单的模型如线性回归、logistic回归等在计算机上操作十分便捷快速。可以分析一些简单的问题如日常用品价格的变化、街上拥堵度的影响因素等。生活中能够应用统计学的地方无处不在。In the daily life, statistics are applied in two aspects. On the one hand, the training of statistical thinking makes people look at the problem more carefully and comprehensively; on the other hand, some basic model analysis can make the life decision more rational.First of all. People see problems in daily life simply and simply examine the relationship between mean and simple. Statistical thinking tells us that for highly asymmetric data, simply using mean does not well describe data analysis. In addition, considering the relationship between the two variables alone, whether the relationship is significant or not will lead to misunderstanding in life decisions.On the second aspect, some