2013届高考英语语法专题复习讲练-动词语态.doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选 语法专题动词语态详解动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态结构：be + 过去分词(pp) + (by )在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。时态被动语态结构一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done一般将来时shall/will/be going to be done过去将来时would be done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been doneeg.some people attacked the towers. s v o the towers were attacked by some people.s v1) a car knocked him down yesterday.-he was knocked down by a car yesterday2)two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical teamthe medical team is made up of by two3)when i got there, they were cutting up a fallen treea fallen tree was being cut up, when i got there.4)well put on the play next sundaythe play will be put on next sunday5)workers are building a new teaching building in our schoola new teaching building is being built by workers in our school6)they had completed the railway by the end of last yearthe railway had been completed by the end of last year7)we should protect the earththe earth should be protected8)you need to paint the wallthe wall needs to be painted几种特殊结构1.my uncle gave me a gift on my birthdayi was given a gift on my birthdaya gift was given to me on my birthday.2.we often hear him play guitarhe is often heard to play guitar注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。we should take care of the old people .the old people should be taken care of.以下为提高部分主动式表被动义1。动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,1.the books _ wella. were sold b. sell c. have sold d. are being sold2.this kind of cloth _ easilya. has washed b. was washed c. washes d. is washed2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,1.the fish is not fit _to eat_(eat)2. we find english is hard _to learn_ (learn)3.the article is difficult_ to understand_ (understand).3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。1.i have a lot of homework _(do)2.ill give him some books _ (read)4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,.)the steel feels cold5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,.)the shop opens at 6 am. every day6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。your jacket needs washing/ to be washedexercise:1.newspapers are made _ paper. paper is made _ wood.a.from/of b. of/from c. of/in d. in/from2.a lot of new roads _ built in the west of china.must b. must be c. has d. have 3.this dictionary mustnt _ from the library.a.take away b. taken away c. are taken away d. be taken away4.my shoes _ . i went out for a new pair.a.is worn out b. wore out c. were worn off d. were worn out5.his car _ tomorrow.a.will be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired6.when your homework _ , we will go to play football.a.is done b. are done c. had done d. will be done7.he asked me _.a.what the paper is used b. what the paper was used forc. what was the paper made of d. whats the paper used as8.three fourths of the information on the internet _ in english.a.am b. is c. are d. be9.english is widely used. many business letters around the world _ in it.a.are written b. were written c. are writing d. were writing10.this pair of scissors _ in china.a.make b. made c. is made d. are made11.three quarters of the messages _ by telegraph.was sent b. were sent c. sent d. send 12. in the past 10 years, china _ up many man-made satellites.a.has been sent b. has sent c. was sent d. sent13.they _ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.asked b. asking c. to ask d. were asked 14.we are always kept _.to smoking b. on smoking c. from smoking d. off smoking 15.nothing can stop us _ english.a.learn b. learning c. learned d. learns16.mary _ some songs in her room in the morning.a.heard sing b. heard to sing c. was heard sing d. is heard to sing17. mary _ an english song in her room last night.a.was heard to sing b. is heard to sing c.was heard singing d. is heard singing18. the guide said that the dinosaur eggs _ about 95 million years ago.lay b. were lay c. laid d. were laid 19. we found the ground _ snow.a.cover with b. is covered with c.was covered with d. was covering with20. the shop assistant showed a hat _ red silk to us.a.made from b. made of c. was made of d. was made from21. we can find many pictures _ by xu beihong in the museum.a.drawing b. drawn c. drew d. to draw22.have these words _ by us yesterday?been learnt b. learnt c. learned d. were learnt 23. have you heard of a dinosaur _ feathers?a.was covered by b. was covered with c. covered with d. covered by24.about 500 cars _ in the factory next month.a.were produced b. will be produced c. will be made d. have been produced25.she _ for 10 years.a.has been marry b. has married c. has been married d. have marry26.the sentence “thank you” _ in our everyday life.a.often use b. often use c.is often used d. are often used27.most business letters are _ english.a.wrote by b. writing with c. written in d. written by28.the box is used _ sitting _ a chair _ mike.a.for,as, by b. by,for,of c. as,for,by d. for,by,as29.middle school students _ not to smoke.a.always tell b. are told always c. tell always d. are always told30.the room had better _ this afternoon.a.be cleaned b. to be cleaned c. clean d. to clean31. everyone knows that paper _ in china.a was made first b. at first was made c.