新版牛津英语7B-Unit-6-知识点.doc

江苏新版牛津英语7B Unit 6 知识点Comic strip1. Outdoor fun 户外趣事outdoor形容词，意为“户外的”，在句中只能用作定语。同义词为outside(外部的) 反义词 indoor室内的e.g: Outdoor sunlight is very good for our health.户外的阳光对我们的健康很有好处。拓展outdoor常构成固定短语：outdoor activities 室外活动outdoor life 野外生活outdoor exercises 户外运动outdoor theatre 露天剧场2. Hurry up, Eddie. Eddie快点。hurry up快点，赶快；常用于祈使句，不能用于否定句。hurry动词，意为“急忙，匆忙”，后面直接接表示方向的副词或介词短语，习惯上不接go，come，move等之类的表示运动方向的动词e.g: Hurry up, or youll be late for class.快点，否则你上课要迟到了。She hurried to the airport.她匆匆赶往机场。拓展hurry还可作名词，意为“匆忙；仓促；急忙”，固定短语in a hurry(匆忙地)e.g: He was in a hurry to leave.他急切地要离开。提醒hurry off/away匆匆离去e.g: Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵老师匆匆赶去照看那个男人。3. You complain too much.你抱怨的太多。complain动词，意为“抱怨”，指心中对人或事物不满或身体感到不适或因痛苦而对别人诉说、抱怨。固定短语有: complain about sth. 抱怨某事；complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事e.g: You have no reason to complain.你没有理由抱怨。She often complains about the price of food.她常常抱怨食品的价格。提醒表示“向某人抱怨某事”，要用complain to sb. about sth.e.g: I have to complain to the manager about it.就这件事我不得不向经理申诉。Welcome to the unit1. cyclingcycling名词，意为“骑自行车运动”，动词为cycle(骑自行车)e.g: Beijing is a good place for cycling.北京是一个骑自行车运动的好地方。They cycled 100 miles around the lake.他们围着湖骑行了100英里。Reading1. She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起头，看到了一只穿着外套的白色兔子走了过去。(1)look up在句中意为“抬头看；往上看”。look up还有“查阅”之意e.g: My brother looked up from his book as I walked into his room.当我走进我弟弟的房间时，他从书里抬起头看了看。The students went to the library to look up the information.学生们去图书馆查资料了。拓展look构成的其他常用短语：look over 查看；审阅look through浏览look after照料；保管look out 当心；留神look round/around环顾四周look down on/upon藐视；看不起(2) pass动词，意为“经过”，后面接名词或代词作宾语e.g: I passed the shop on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那家商店。拓展pass作动词，还可表示“通过；度过”e.g: In the end, I passed the English exam.最后，我通过了英语考试。pass作动词，还可表示“传，递”，pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物传给某人e.g: Pass me some bread, please.请递一些面包给我。(3) by副词，意为“经过”，常与动词go，walk，run等连用e.g: I saw Tom walking by, carrying two books.我看到Tom拿着两本书走过去了。拓展by还可作介词，意为“靠近；在.旁边；通过；被；经由”e.g: The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。Do you often go to school by bike?你经常骑自行车去上学吗？Please learn the new words by heart.请用心记住这些生词。2. It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time.它从口袋里拿出一只表，看了看时间。take out是固定短语，表示“取出；拔出；除掉”。其中out是副词，名词作宾语放在out前后都可以；但若是代词作宾语须放在take与out之间。若表示“从.取出某物”用介词ofe.g: He opened his schoolbag and took out a notebook/took a notebook out.他打开书包，拿出了一个笔记本。Your pen is in the box. Please take it out.你的钢笔在盒子里。请取出来。拓展take out还表示“把.带出去”e.g: My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我父亲要带我出去兜风。提醒out of短语后若无宾语，则应将of省略3. Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.Alice不想让那个兔子逃脱，所以她也跳下了那个洞。get away逃脱e.g: The robbers rushed into the car and got away quickly.抢劫犯冲进小汽车迅速逃脱了。拓展get away还表示“离开”e.g:I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。4. Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.Ailce下落了很长一段时间，然后她撞到了地面。(1)fall动词，意为“落下，掉落；倒下，跌落，”固定短语有：fall down掉下，摔下；fall off 掉下，跌落；fall behind落后，跟不上；fall over跌翻，摔倒e.g: Babies often fall when they are learning to walk.婴儿学走路时时常会跌倒。Please climb down the tree, or you will fall down.请从树上下来，不然你会摔下来的。拓展fall作名词，表示“秋天”，相当于英式英语中的autumne.g: Fall is a harvest season.秋天是收获的季节。(2) hit动词，意为“击中，撞”，后面直接接人或物作宾语e.g: Look out! Dont hit the tree.当心！不要撞在树上。提醒在表达“击中”或“打了”某人某个部位时，英语用“主语+谓语+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”结构，常用的介词有on，in。在脸、肚子等较柔软的部位，用in；在头、鼻子、背等较硬部位，用one.g: She hit in the face/on the head.她打了他的脸/头。拓展hit作动词，还可表示“袭击，使.遭受”e.g: A typhoon hit Taiwan last month.上个月，一场台风袭击了台湾。5. She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她发现她独自一人在一个又长又矮的大厅里。(1) find herself alone为固定结构“find+宾语+形容词”，表示“发觉某人/某物处于某种(意外的)状态”；find动词，还可意为“认为，觉得”e.g: I find English very important.我认为英语很重要。提醒“find+宾语+介词短语”结构表示“发觉某人/某物(在哪里)”e.g: He woke up and found himself in a hospital bed.他醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。拓展类似的结构有：“keep/make/think.+宾语+形容词”e.g: We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。His words made us happy.他的话让我们很高兴。(2) alone形容词，意为“独自，单独”，习惯上只用作表语，指客观上独自一人，相当于by oneself或on ones owne.g: Some parents sometimes have to leave their children alone at home.一些父母有时不得不把孩子一个人留在家里。拓展alone作副词，意为“单独；独自”e.g: The old man lives alone in the country.这位老人独自住在农村。(3) low形容词，意为“低的，矮的”，一般指有形物体的高度、温度、价格、声音等方面的高低，作定语或表语。反义词为high(高的)e.g: The temperature is high/low these days.这些天温度高/低。拓展low还可作副词，意为“低地；低声地”，放在动词之后e.g: My hometown lies low in a hidden valley.我的家乡位于一个隐蔽的山谷里。6. There were doors all around, but they were all locked.四周都有门，但是都是锁着的。lucked形容词，意为“锁上的”，动词lock(锁上；锁好，关好)，过去式为lockede.g: The building was locked, and all of us felt safe.大楼被锁上了，我们都感到安全了。Are you sure you locked the front door?你确定锁了前门吗？拓展类似在词尾加-ed构成其形容词的动词有：close关，关闭-closed 关着的pollute污染-polluted受污染的7. Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一个小门，并把钥匙投了进去。(1) notice动词，意为“注意，察觉”，后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语e.g:He was so busy that he didnt notice me.他太忙了，没有注意到我。提醒notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事；notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事e.g:He noticed a bird singing in the tree.他注意到一只鸟正在树上唱歌。I noticed him enter the office.我注意到他进了办公室。拓展 see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事；see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事；hear sb. do sth听到某人做某事拓展notice 还可作名词，意为“通告，通知，布告”，复数为noticese.g:There is a notice on the wall.墙上有一则通告。(2) o.动词短语，意为“把.放进.”，into介词，意为“到.里面”e.g:Dont put the old photo into your wallet.不要把那张旧照片放进你的钱包。拓展put 与不同的介词连用构成不同的短语：put.on/under/behind.把.放在.上/下/后面e.g:You should put the football under the bed.你应当把足球放在床下面。8. Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.Alice试着穿过这扇门，但是她太大了。through介词，意为“穿过，通过”，强调从某个立体空间内穿越，指穿过隧道、窗户、门、森林等e.g:The dog cant walk through the hole.这只狗不能从这个洞钻过去。辨析 through，across，over与past词条含义用法through介词，意为“穿过，通过”强调从某个立体空间内穿越across介词，意为“穿过”强调从某个平面的一边到另一边over介词，意为“越过，跨越”强调从某物的正上面跨越past介词，意为“经过，超过”强调从某物/某人的旁边经过e.g:You can see through the glass.你可以透过这块玻璃看过去。Walk across the bridge, and youll see a tall tree.走过那座桥，你会看见一棵大树。Tom likes jumping over the chair.Tom喜欢从椅子上跳过去。He is walking past the post office.他正从邮局旁边走过。Grammar1. 一般过去时行为动词一般过去时的各种句型结构：句型形式句型结构肯定句主语+动词的过去式+其他否定句主语+didnt+动词原形+其他。（其中didnt=did not，did是do的过去式，为助动词。）疑问句一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+did+not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？2. We put up our tent near a lake. 我们把我们的帐篷搭在湖边。put up“挂起，举起”，常用于挂旗子、举手等。宾语是名词时，可放在put与up的中间或后面，但宾语是代词时，一定要放在中间。拓展put up张贴e.g: Please put up these posters on the wall quickly.请快点把这些海报张贴到墙上。put构成的短语有：put on穿上put out扑灭put away收起来；放好put off推迟，延期Integrated skills1. found a new way to make paper找到一种新方法来造纸make paper“造纸”，是“动词+名词”结构。make(v.)“做，制作”，指用材料来制作某事或制造一种从前不存在的东西。拓展make常构成的短语有：make clothes做衣服make dumplings做水饺make a kite做风筝make model planes制作飞机模型make too much noise发出太多噪音2. used bamboo to make kites用竹子来制作风筝use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事拓展used to do sth.过去常常做某事，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。e.g: They used to be good friends.他们过去是好朋友。3. made a bird out of wood用木头做一只鸟wood(n.)木头，木材形容词wooden（木制的）e.g: Our desks and chairs are made of wood.我们的课桌椅是木制的。I want to buy a wooden box.我想买个木匣子。拓展类似的由物质名词加后缀-en构成的形容词还有：gold(金子)golden(金色的，金质的)wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛的，毛纺的)4. In the . century, an Italian man called . visited China. 在世纪，一位叫做的意大利人拜访了中国。century(n.)世纪，百年e.g: We are living in the 21st century.我们生活在21世纪。拓展用century表示“几世纪”，要用固定结构“the+序数词+century”，century前需用序数词，并加定冠词the。e.g: the twentieth century20世纪提醒this century或the century指“本世纪”；last century指“上个世纪”；next century指“下个世纪”。5. Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making . from then on. 山东省的一个城市潍坊，从那时起因为制作而出名。from then on从那时起，作时间状语，与一般过去时连用，相当于from that time on。e.g: From then on, he worked harder.从那时起，他工作更加努力了。6. Were having a picnic today.今天我们在野餐。have a picnic去野餐，相当于go for a picnicpicnic(n.)野餐e.g: If the weather is nice, well go out for a picnic.如果天气好，我们将去野餐。拓展由“have a + 名词”构成的短语有：have a look看一看have a seat坐下have a chat聊天have a try试一试Task1. She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller. 她低头看到自己的身体变得越来越小。become(v.)“开始变得，变成”，后接形容词或名词短语作表语。e.g: The sky becomes cloudy.天空变得多云了。拓展类似become的连系动词有：look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。2. Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden. 很快爱丽丝变得足够小能穿过那扇门，所以她决定进入花园。(1) decide(v.)决定decide to do sth.决定做某事e.g: My home is only 5 minutes walk from school. I decide to walk there every day.我家到学校只要步行五分钟。我决定每天步行上学。提醒decide to do sth.否定式为decide not to do sth.，表示“决定不做某事”。(2) enter(v.)“进入，加入”，后面不能接介词，相当于come/go into。e.g: Please enter the house by the back door.请从后门进屋。拓展enter(v.)“参加”，后面可接考试、比赛等。e.g: He is going to enter the drawing competition.他将要去参加绘画比赛。提醒enter的名词为entrance，意为“进入，入口处”，the entrance to .表示“的入口处”。3. When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key. 当她走向门的时候，她忘了钥匙这件事情。(1) towards(prep.)“向，朝”，还可写成toward，强调方向性，常与动词连用，后接名词或代词。e.g: The sunflower turns toward(s) the Sun.向日葵朝向太阳。辨析towards与to词条含义用法towards介词，意为“向，朝”只表示“方向”，不含到达某地之意to介词，意为“向，朝；面对”表示向目的地走，往往带有“已到达某地”的意思(2) 用法forget about表示“忘记；遗忘”，其中about可省略。forget后跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作宾语。e.g: I almost forgot my umbrella.我差一点就忘了我的雨伞。注意forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事（事情还未做）”e.g: Dont forget to close the window when you leave the room.离开房间时不要忘了关窗户。forget doing sth.表示“忘记了做过某事（事情已经做完）”e.g