新概念一Lesson143-144.doc

启航教育 启迪智慧 领航未来Lesson 143-144 A walk through the woods 林中散步Key words词汇surroundv. 包围 woodn. 树林 beauty spot风景点hundredn. 百 cityn. 城市 throughprep. 穿过visitorn. 参观者，游客，来访者 tidyadj. 整齐的 littern. 杂乱的东西litter basket废物筐 placev. 放 throw( threw; thrown)v. 扔，抛rubbishn. 垃圾 countv. 数，点 coverv. 覆盖 piecen. 碎片tyren. 轮胎rustyadj. 生锈的 amongprep.在之间 prosecute依法处置surround v.包围；围绕The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.当我走进房间时，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周围到处都是盒子。拓展：surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 例：the surrounding country近郊surroundings n. (复数)环境，周围的事物 例：railway surroundings铁路周围的环境woodn. 树林 n. （复数）树林，森林（通常比forest小） 例：She got lost in the woods. 她在森林中迷路了。 n. （不可数）木材，木料 例：This house is made of wood. 这栋房子是木制的。hundredn. 百four hundredand eighty 480固定搭配：hundreds of 数以百计的，几百的visitorn. 参观者，游客，来访者No visitors 谢绝会客，拓展：visit v. 浏览，参观place v. 放 v.（小心地）放；放置He placed the record back to the shelf. 他把唱片放回到架子上。Their request placed me in a difficult position. 他们的要求将我置于困境。 v. 任命；安置The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。There is no better way to place the homeless children.没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。固定搭配：from place to place处处；give place to让位于，被所代替；know ones place懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚take place（事情）发生；in place of代替throw( threw; thrown)v. 扔，抛Please throw. I will catch. 抛过来，我来接。固定搭配：throw away 抛弃，丢弃，丢掉rubbishn. 垃圾 n. 垃圾 例：clear away the rubbish 清除垃圾 n. 无聊之事，荒唐之事，废话 例：Dont talk rubbish. 别说废话了。coverv. 覆盖 v. 覆盖She covered her face with her hands. 她用手掩面。 n. 遮盖的（东西或物）；套子，盖子；包装纸；封面，书皮Put a cover on a pot. 把锅盖盖在锅上。固定搭配：be covered with sth. 盖满，被覆盖prosecute 依法处置 v. 起诉，检举；依法处置Trespassers will be prosecuted. 闲人莫入，违者法办。They prosecuted him for shoplifting. 他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。 v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我们将进一步彻底进行调查。Key structuresI live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!Text1I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.主从复合问句，which is surrounded by beautiful woods为定语从句，修饰town。which指代town。从句用的是被动语态，“被所包围”。如果将从句独立为一个句子，则为：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.2On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.（1）简单句，to see our town and to walk through the woods为不定式短语充当目的状语，from the city作定语修饰hundreds of people。（2）hundreds of people复数形式表概数，“数以计的”，与of连用，作名词修饰语，其后的名词必然是复数形式。如：hundreds of people几百人3Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.（1）被动语态的现在完成时，说明需求的行为应为游客所知。to keep the woods clean and tidy为不定式短语充当ask的宾语补足语。（2）keep the woods clean and tidy也是复合结构，充当不予补足语的是形容词短语clean and tidy。拓展：keep在此处的用法：动词+宾语+补语。另外，可以用于该结构的供词一般还有make，get，keep，find ，wash等，宾语补足语一般是形容词。4 What I saw made me very sad. （1）句中的主语What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句。（2）made这里的意思是：使存在；使发生。（3）very sad.做宾语补足语。5 Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!（1）如果是牌子上,报纸上说什么，就如课文中那样可以用say（2）“Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！”是主从复合句，who引导的定语从句，修饰anyone。anyone who任何的人。例：anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 该晚会来者不拒。四、Grammar focus1被动语态：上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：（1）现在完成时形式： has/have + been + 过去分词：The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。（2）一般将来时形式： will/shall +be +过去分词：The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就会磨的。2. 宾语补足语：宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发? He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。Lesson 144练习答案 Key to written exercisesA1 The writer lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 2 Because it is a famous beauty spot. 3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. 4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees. 5 The writer went for a walk in the woods. 6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish. 7 He saw a sign among the rubbish. 8 The sign said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted. B1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired. 2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned. 3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied. 4 Someone has sharpened it. It has already been sharpened. 5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on. 6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought. 7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept. 8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school. 9 Someone has invited them. They have already been invited. 10 Someone has told