关于《雾都孤儿》和查尔斯·狄更斯

1 / 7 关于雾都孤儿和查尔斯 狄更斯 摘 要 查尔斯 狄更斯是英国文学史上杰出的现实主义作家。雾都孤儿是他的代表作之一。小说描写了伦敦地层 社会 中贫苦儿童的悲惨生活 ,揭露了贫民救济所的黑暗。他所塑造的人物 ,在今天读来仍栩栩如生。 关键词 查尔斯 狄更斯 ;雾都孤儿 ;批判现实主义者 ;批判现实主义 Abstract:Charles Dickens was s p rominent c ritical th e characte rs he crea ted were r ealist in English li terature, vivid even now, Oliv er Twist w as one of his master pieces in reflecting the real and terrib le life of London un derworld. Key Words: Charles Di ckens; Oli ver Twist; critical realist; c ritical re alism 1、 Ch arles Dickkens Mid 19 th century of Englan d between those cons ervative p oet s and prose - wr iters ther e were a n umber of n ovelist s. The y ha d a world of sympathhy for the miseries a nd a stron g feeling for lathe poor labor ing masses . They cri ed Flout l oud againsst social i njustice b ut they al so did not approve o f violence to fight the social wrong. Th ey had bee n known 2 / 7 as critical realist s in the sen se that th ey were st rongly cri tical of t he social reality of thEir tim e but they had never thought o f overthro wing the e xisting so cial order that in t his way , they could establishh a new onee. These cr itical rea list s of the mid - 19ta centu ry were al l honest p eople and real artis t s in spi te of thEI r limitati ons in the ir general point of view on li fe. By exp osing the social inj ustice and the vicess of the up per class , they put their hea rt s into depicting the misera ble existe nce of the common pe ople ; the y gave at ruthful pi cture of c apitalist England off the time. They foll owed the f ine tradit ion of the ir great l iterary pr edecessors of 18a ce ntury real ism and ea rly 19th c entury rom anticism. They showe d their waarm sympath y on those people wh o suffered a lot .Thhe greatest of the cr itical rea list s was Charles D ickens. In his early years , h e worked a s a report er and thiis experien ce gave hi m a good k nowledge o f the poli tical life of Englan d at that time and i t had a fa r reachingg effect up on his liffelong cont empt for a ll the pol itical ins titutions as practic e in Engla nd. As the result off 3 / 7 his abili ty to noti ce things of London life , a v olume of s tories and sketches of London street sce nes , Sket ches of Bo zo , was p ublished. In 183, hi s first no vel Pickwi ck Papers appeared a nd establi shed his r eputation as an impo rtant writ er of the time. Thiss success w as repeate d again an d again du ring the r est of his life , wi th the pub lication o f some 1no vels as we ll as volu mes of sto ries , t t ravelogues and count less sketc hes and es says. In h is very ea rly litera ry period , Dickens attacked o ne or more specific evils in V ictorian E ngland : d ebtors pri son , work house , Yo rkshire sc hools , ca pital puniishment and so on. Th e most imp ortant of these nove ls was s61 1 one of o ptimism an d a light and cheery tone , w hich was maintained , with pl enty of hu mor and la ughter. Wi th the rea ctionary f orces of t he Middle class who were runni ng more ra mpant , Di ckens was more alive to the so cial reali ty and bec ame more c ritical. N ow , his o ptimistic spirit was replaced by strong feelings o f depressi on and res entment . It was a s uccessful period in which Dick ens attain ed to his maturity a s a great artist . T he whole p eriod was also 4 / 7 chara cterized b y the chan ge and dev elopment o f the grea t novelist artistic style. His h - ,nor and satiree this time just grad ually gave a point t o his sent imentality , his moo d of inhib ition and a kind of dramatic t ension. 转 贴贴于论文联盟 http :/2、 Olive r Twist Ol iver Twist was Dicke ns secon d novel , which mar ked the be ginning of Dickens literary l ife. It be gan to app ear in a m onthly mag azine. “I had perhap s the best subject I have ever thought o f , I have thrown my whole hea rt and sou l into Oli ver. ” Tha t it s gen eral purpo se was cle ar in his mind was e vident f r om his latter - writt en preface : “I wish ed to show , in litt le Oliver , the prin ciple of G ood Surviv ing throug h every ad verse circ umstance a nd t trium phing at l ast ”. T h e compani ons among whom he wa s to be t ried were the crimin als of Lon dons und e r2world. T he author depicted i t not in a romantic mood just as his con temporary novels , b ut showed much miser able reali ty. That r eality was the great and endur ing streng th of the book. Dick ens knew i t a lot by close 5 / 7 obs ervation , which he had alread y demonst rated in , had newsp aper sketc hes of Lon don street s and cri minal cour t . Also , there was another r eason , th at is , hee knew it b y his own experience . He was b orn in a p rovident w ay ; so ev en when he was ver y young , he suffere d a lot . He knew th ose kinds of feeling and of co urse he co uld share the solita ry child s pain , fo r he bewil dered in t hose years when he h and labore d hopeless ly in the blacking - warehouse . As he sa id much la ter , hims elf might have becom e a little robber orr a little vagabond. That perio d of time was so bit ter and ga lling to t his sensit ive boy th at many ye ars later , when he was very s uccessful , he could not look back upon it without tears in his eyes. Maybe it w as the mai n reason t hat why he took much more atte ntion to c ommon peop les live s and thEir feelings. 3、 Oliver Twists i n fluence an d literary value Oli ver Twist was one of the most important social nov els in Dic kens ear l y works. A lso , it w as the firrst time thhat Dickens led reade rs into a very sad w orld. The descriptio n of the c riminal sl ums of Lon don that l ittle Oliv er lived b rought Dic kens a new class 6 / 7 of serious re aders inte rested in social ref orm. Peoplle started to think a bout socia l reasons for all of those cri minal phen omena. And in this n ovel , Dic kens advoc ates his v iew of wor ld charita ble person will havee good reco mpense. Ol iver Twist was famou s for expo sing the d ark sides of people lived out that time. It expose d the hypo critical a nd cruelty of parishh workhouse through d epicting t he little orphan boyy Oliver Tw ists chi l dhood in i t . He gav e realisti c pictures of the ho rrible exi stence in workhouse. One of th e importan t characte ristics of Oliver Tw ist was th e real and specific descriptio n of peopl e who live d in the b ottom of s ociety. Th EIr misera ble lives , includin g all the details , gave the r eaders a r eal feelin g : these were ficti ons. Also ,it was th e first ti me that ma ny small p otatoes ap peared in English li terature. Dickens ca rried the good t rad iations