linux 虚拟化Xen.doc

linux 虚拟化XenXen的虚拟化分为半虚拟化以及全虚拟化技术，其中半虚拟化主要是通过修改 Linux 核心来完成的虚拟化技术。Xen 的半虚拟化技术主要是用在相同发行版本的 Linux 上，如果你想要使用半虚拟化的方式启动多个虚拟机器，那么虚拟机器全部都必须是相同的操作系统，甚至要求相同版本与相同核心的 Linux 发行版本。如果你想要安装不同版本的 Linux 或者是其他的 OS ( Windows XP) 时，那就得要使用全虚拟化技术了。全虚拟化技术必须满足以下条件：1. 硬件支持Intel的VT技术(VirtualizationTechnology,Intel-VT)；2. 硬件支持AMD的SVM技术(SecureVirtualMachine,AMD-SVMor,AMD-V)。下面来切实体验一下xen一、确定你的cpu是否支持虚拟化技术1. #cat/proc/cpuinfo|grepflags|egrep-opae|vmx|svm2. pae3. svm4. pae5. svm显示了PAE以及SVM，说明我的CPU支持全虚拟化技术。二、安装Xen1.安装Xen的基本程序1. #yuminstall-yxen*2.安装Xen的内核1. #yuminstall-ykernel-xen*3.安装Xen的虚拟管理程序1. #yuminstall-yvirt-manager以上安装完毕，就来配置Xen的环境了三、配置Xen环境修改grub.conf文件，以Xen的内核来启动系统1. #grub.confgeneratedbyanaconda2. #3. #Notethatyoudonothavetorerungrubaftermakingchangestothisfile4. #NOTICE:Youdonothavea/bootpartition.Thismeansthat5. #allkernelandinitrdpathsarerelativeto/,eg.6. #root(hd0,0)7. #kernel/boot/vmlinuz-versionroroot=/dev/sda18. #initrd/boot/initrd-version.img9. #boot=/dev/sda10. default=011. timeout=512. splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz13. hiddenmenu14. titleCentOS(2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen)15. root(hd0,0)16. kernel/boot/xen.gz-2.6.18-238.12.1.el517. module/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xenroroot=LABEL=/18. module/boot/initrd-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen.img19. titleCentOS(2.6.18-238.el5)20. root(hd0,0)21. kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.el5roroot=LABEL=/22. initrd/boot/initrd-2.6.18-238.el5.img修改完毕，重启系统，shell界面就可以看到1. # uname-a2. LinuxXen2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen#1SMPTueMay3114:02:29EDT2011x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux再看一下1. # xmlist2. NameIDMem(MiB)VCPUsStateTime(s)3. Domain-0012282r-444.8Xen的log所在地1. #ll/var/log/xen/2. total443. drwx-2rootroot4096May1005:30console4. -rw-r-r-1rootroot9653Jun1015:07domain-builder-ng.log5. -rw-r-r-1rootroot36Jun1014:53xend-debug.log6. -rw-r-r-1rootroot17855Jun1015:07xend.log7. -rw-r-r-1rootroot36Jun1015:07xen-hotplug.log四、建立虚拟机准备工作这里我们安装虚拟机采用NFS的方式，如果你对你的网络比较自信，也可以采用网络安装的方式，视具体情况而定。创建一个NFS Server并将光盘根目录下的文件copy 进去，同时分享出来并允许Xen宿主机访问，这个不是重点，就不写过程了下面进入真正的虚拟机安装阶段1. #virt-install-ncentos-r512-vcpus=12. -nographic-f/opt/vm/centos.img-s20-p3. -lnfs:49:/home/netinstall解释一下各参数的意义：1. -n代表虚拟机的名字2. -r分配给虚拟机的内存3. -vcpus分配给虚拟机的CPU4. -nographic不适用图形界面5. -f虚拟机磁盘映像的所在地6. -s虚拟机磁盘映像的大小，单位记得是GB7. -p半虚拟化的方式8. -l安装映像的路径PS：上面是采用NFS的方式，如果internet比较快，就换成internet上的源，门户网站sohu,163均有开源的镜像站点，另外中国科技大学的镜像站点也不错1. # 开源镜像站点2. 1633. sohu 4. 科大 运行上面的安装虚拟机命令后，会提示以下的信息1. Startinginstall.2. Retrievingfilevmlinuz.|2.1MB00:003. Retrievingfileinitrd.img.85%=5.6MB/s|6.7MB00:00ETA4. MessagefromsyslogdatFriJun1015:07:072011.5. Xenkernel:DisablingIRQ#166. Retrievingfileinitrd.img.|7.9MB00:007. Creatingstoragefile.|20GB00:008. Creatingdomain.|0B00:009. Connectedtodomaincentos10. Escapecharacteris11. Bootdataok(commandlineismethod=nfs:49:/home/netinstall)12. Linuxversion2.6.18-238.el5xen()(gccversion4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48)#1SMPThuJan1316:41:45EST201113. BIOS-providedphysicalRAMmap:14. Xen:0000000000000000-0000000020800000(usable)15. Nomptablefound.16. Built1zonelists.Totalpages:13312017. Kernelcommandline:method=nfs:49:/home/netinstall18. InitializingCPU#019. PIDhashtableentries:4096(order:12,32768bytes)20. Xenreported:2812.790MHzprocessor.21. Console:colourdummydevice80x2522. Dentrycachehashtableentries:131072(order:8,1048576bytes)23. Inode-cachehashtableentries:65536(order:7,524288bytes)24. SoftwareIOTLBdisabled25. Memory:496384k/532480kavailable(2529kkernelcode,27260kreserved,1736kdata,196kinit)26. Calibratingdelayusingtimerspecificroutine.7050.28BogoMIPS(lpj=14100572)27. SecurityFrameworkv1.0.0initialized28. SELinux:Initializing.29. selinux_register_security:Registeringsecondarymodulecapability30. CapabilityLSMinitializedassecondary31. Mount-cachehashtableentries:25632. CPU:L1ICache:64K(64bytes/line),Dcache64K(64bytes/line)33. CPU:L2Cache:1024K(64bytes/line)34. CPU:PhysicalProcessorID:035. CPU:ProcessorCoreID:136. (SMP-)alternativesturnedoff37. Broughtup1CPUs38. checkingifimageisinitramfs.itis39. Granttableinitialized40. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily1641. Broughtup1CPUs42. PCI:settingupXenPCIfrontendstub43. ACPI:Interpreterdisabled.44. LinuxPlugandPlaySupportv0.97(c)AdamBelay45. pnp:PnPACPI:disabled46. xen_mem:Initialisingballoondriver.47. usbcore:registerednewdriverusbfs48. usbcore:registerednewdriverhub49. PCI:SystemdoesnotsupportPCI50. PCI:SystemdoesnotsupportPCI51. NetLabel:Initializing52. NetLabel:domainhashsize=12853. NetLabel:protocols=UNLABELEDCIPSOv454. NetLabel:unlabeledtrafficallowedbydefault55. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily256. IProutecachehashtableentries:32768(order:6,262144bytes)57. TCPestablishedhashtableentries:131072(order:9,2097152bytes)58. TCPbindhashtableentries:65536(order:8,1048576bytes)59. TCP:Hashtablesconfigured(established131072bind65536)60. TCPrenoregistered61. audit:initializingnetlinksocket(disabled)62. type=2000audit(1307689628.858:1):initialized63. VFS:Diskquotasdquot_6.5.164. Dquot-cachehashtableentries:512(order0,4096bytes)65. InitializingCryptographicAPI66. alg:Notestforcrc32c(crc32c-generic)67. ksign:Installingpublickeydata68. Loadingkeyring69. -AddedpublickeyC099FB4D84A418B670. -UserID:CentOS(KernelModuleGPGkey)71. ioschedulernoopregistered72. ioscheduleranticipatoryregistered73. ioschedulerdeadlineregistered74. ioschedulercfqregistered(default)75. pci_hotplug:PCIHotPlugPCICoreversion:0.576. rtc:IRQ8isnotfree.77. Non-volatilememorydriverv1.278. Linuxagpgartinterfacev0.101(c)DaveJones79. brd:moduleloaded80. Xenvirtualconsolesuccessfullyinstalledasxvc081. Bootdataok(commandlineismethod=nfs:49:/home/netinstall)82. Linuxversion2.6.18-238.el5xen()(gccversion4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48)#1SMPThuJan1316:41:45EST201183. BIOS-providedphysicalRAMmap:84. Xen:0000000000000000-0000000020800000(usable)85. Nomptablefound.86. Built1zonelists.Totalpages:13312087. Kernelcommandline:method=nfs:49:/home/netinstall88. InitializingCPU#089. PIDhashtableentries:4096(order:12,32768bytes)90. Xenreported:2812.790MHzprocessor.91. Console:colourdummydevice80x2592. Dentrycachehashtableentries:131072(order:8,1048576bytes)93. Inode-cachehashtableentries:65536(order:7,524288bytes)94. SoftwareIOTLBdisabled95. Memory:496384k/532480kavailable(2529kkernelcode,27260kreserved,1736kdata,196kinit)96. Calibratingdelayusingtimerspecificroutine.7050.28BogoMIPS(lpj=14100572)97. SecurityFrameworkv1.0.0initialized98. SELinux:Initializing.99. selinux_register_security:Registeringsecondarymodulecapability100. CapabilityLSMinitializedassecondary101. Mount-cachehashtableentries:256102. CPU:L1ICache:64K(64bytes/line),Dcache64K(64bytes/line)103. CPU:L2Cache:1024K(64bytes/line)104. CPU:PhysicalProcessorID:0105. CPU:ProcessorCoreID:1106. (SMP-)alternativesturnedoff107. Broughtup1CPUs108. checkingifimageisinitramfs.itis109. Granttableinitialized110. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily16111. Broughtup1CPUs112. PCI:settingupXenPCIfrontendstub113. ACPI:Interpreterdisabled.114. LinuxPlugandPlaySupportv0.97(c)AdamBelay115. pnp:PnPACPI:disabled116. xen_mem:Initialisingballoondriver.117. usbcore:registerednewdriverusbfs118. usbcore:registerednewdriverhub119. PCI:SystemdoesnotsupportPCI120. PCI:SystemdoesnotsupportPCI121. NetLabel:Initializing122. NetLabel:domainhashsize=128123. NetLabel:protocols=UNLABELEDCIPSOv4124. NetLabel:unlabeledtrafficallowedbydefault125. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily2126. IProutecachehashtableentries:32768(order:6,262144bytes)127. TCPestablishedhashtableentries:131072(order:9,2097152bytes)128. TCPbindhashtableentries:65536(order:8,1048576bytes)129. TCP:Hashtablesconfigured(established131072bind65536)130. TCPrenoregistered131. audit:initializingnetlinksocket(disabled)132. type=2000audit(1307689628.858:1):initialized133. VFS:Diskquotasdquot_6.5.1134. Dquot-cachehashtableentries:512(order0,4096bytes)135. InitializingCryptographicAPI136. alg:Notestforcrc32c(crc32c-generic)137. ksign:Installingpublickeydata138. Loadingkeyring139. -AddedpublickeyC099FB4D84A418B6140. -UserID:CentOS(KernelModuleGPGkey)141. ioschedulernoopregistered142. ioscheduleranticipatoryregistered143. ioschedulerdeadlineregistered144. ioschedulercfqregistered(default)145. pci_hotplug:PCIHotPlugPCICoreversion:0.5146. rtc:IRQ8isnotfree.147. Non-volatilememorydriverv1.2148. Linuxagpgartinterfacev0.101(c)DaveJones149. brd:moduleloaded150. Xenvirtualconsolesuccessfullyinstalledasxvc0151. Event-channeldeviceinstalled.152. UniformMulti-PlatformE-IDEdriverRevision:7.00alpha2153. ide:Assuming50MHzsystembusspeedforPIOmodes;overridewithidebus=xx154. ide-floppydriver0.99.newide155. usbcore:registerednewdriverhiddev156. usbcore:registerednewdriverusbhid157. drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c:v2.6:USBHIDcoredriver158. PNP:NoPS/2controllerfound.Probingportsdirectly.159. i8042.c:Nocontrollerfound.160. mice:PS/2mousedevicecommonforallmice161. md:mddriver0.90.3MAX_MD_DEVS=256,MD_SB_DISKS=27162. md:bitmapversion4.39163. TCPbicregistered164. InitializingIPsecnetlinksocket165. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily1166. NET:Registeredprotocolfamily17167. XENBUS:Devicewithnodriver:device/vbd/51712168. XENBUS:Devicewithnodriver:device/vif/0169. Initalizingnetworkdropmonitorservice170. Writeprotectingthekernelread-onlydata:498k171. 172. Greetings.173. anacondainstallerinitversion24starting174. mounting/procfilesystem.done175. creating/devfilesystem.done176. mounting/dev/pts(unix98pty)filesystem.done177. mounting/sys