16年仁爱英语九年级上册Unit1topic2_重点知识点eva.doc

Unit 1 The Changing WorldTopic 2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.1 重点句型：Section A 1. We got lost and couldnt find each other. 我们走失了，互相找不到对方。get lost 意为“走失，迷路”，其中lost 为形容词，其近义词有missing 和gone.2. Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗? （1） yet 用于疑问句及否定句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事，通常位于句末。（2） already 常用于肯定句中，指动作已经发生，或比期望发生的要早，一般用于句子中或者句末； Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes, Ive already had it. 你吃过午饭了吗？-是的，我已经吃过了。3. Lets call him up now. 我们现在给他打电话吧。 （1）call up 意为“给.打电话”，名词作宾语时，可以放在up后面或是两词之间；宾语是代词时，必须放在两词之间。 Ill called you up as soon as I come back. 我一回来就给你打电话。 （2）call up = ring up = make a telephone call = telephone sb.4. I really hate to going to a place like that. So do I.我真的很讨厌去那样的地方。 我也是。（1）So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 如： Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。 Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。 Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。 （2）如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 如： Jim wasnt Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。 Jim cant speak Japanese, neither can I .吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。 Jim didnt go there, neither did I .吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。 （3）如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如： Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。5. Ive never been there before. 我从前没有去过那里。 before（表示时间）以前，是副词而不是介词或者连词，属较模糊的时间状语，表示到说话时间为止之前发生的事，大多使用完成时。 I have read that novel before. 我从前看过那本小说。6. There were such many people that they couldnt find each other. 那里太多人了以至于他们找不到对方。 Such. that. so.that. 意为“ 如此.以至于.”， 引导结果状语从句。 A. so + 形容词/副词 + that +句子She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her. 她是如此可爱的女孩，人人都喜欢她。 B. so + many/much/little/few +名词 +that +句子He drank so much wine that an accident happened to him on his way home.他喝了那么多的酒，以至于在回家的路上发生了事故。 C. such +a/an +形容词 +单数名词 +that +句子She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 她是如此可爱的女孩，人人都喜欢她。 D. such +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词 +that +句子It was such bad weather that nobody was on the street. 天这么糟糕，街上空无一人。Section B1. What a large population!这么多人口！ population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，A. 提问人口: whats the population of .；B. have a population of 意为“ 有.的人口”；The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。 Whats the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中国的人口有多少？ 2. It is increasing by 80 million every year. 人口每年正以8000万的速度增长。 （1）increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。 （2）increase by +倍数或者百分数， 指“增加了倍或百分之.”; Compared with last year, our pay has increased by three time. 与去年相比，我们的工资增长了三倍。（3） increase to +具体的增长后的数字，指 “增加到” Our rice output has increased to six million tons this year. 我们今年的粮食产量增长到600万吨。3. What problems does the large population cause? 众多的人口导致了什么问题？ cause 意为“带来，造成，引起，导致”， 相当于 bring about. The bad weather is causing trouble for many farmers. 恶劣的天气给许多农民带来了麻烦。Section C1.and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。 one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三； one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二 注：分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词保持一致。四分之一 也可以 a quarter, 百分数读作“基数词+percent(无复数）；2. Because of the large population, there is less living space for each family. 由于人口多，每个家庭的居住面积更小了。 because of + n. / v.ing 因为 = because + 句子 Now most family have only one child because of our countrys one child policy.= Because our country has one child policy, now most families have only one child. 由于我国实施了独生子女政策，现在大多数家庭只有一个孩子。3. The large population has caused many other difficulties for the whole nation.人口多也给整个国家带来了很多其他问题。(1) whole 着眼于整体，接可数名词单数形式。 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 The whole family likes watching TV.全家人都喜欢看电视。(2) all 着重于全体中的各个部分，接不可数名词或是可数名词复数。All the people in the ship lost their lives. 轮船上所有人都遇难了。4. It is hard for China to supply energy and water to satisfy peoples daily needs. 中国很难提供足够的能源和水来满足人们的日常需求。A. supply n. 供应量，供给量,储存； The water supply is not enough. 水的供给不足。B. supply v.（尤其大量）供应，供给，提供； supple sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.Our country supplies free textbooks to children. = Our country supplies children with free textbooks. 我国给孩子们提供免费的教科书。注： provide, offer 与supply意思相近，但是用法不同。 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. offer sth. to sb. = offer sb. Sth.Section D1. I live in a small mountain town called Fairmont. 我住在一个名叫费尔蒙特的小山城里。 called Fairmont 过去分词短语放在名词后作后置定语，called = named = with the name of The boy called / named / with the name of Lilei is my brother. 名叫李雷的那个男孩是我的弟弟。2 重点语法-现在完成时 () 1.现在完成时的用法：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。 I have just posted the letter. 我刚把信邮寄了。 2.现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before，just，already，yet，ever等连用。 Have you heard from your friend lately?你最近有收到你朋友的来信吗？现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1already 和 yetalready “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 neverever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before.-Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？-No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4beforebefore “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）， 如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。 3.现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用。如this week, this year,this morning, today等。 They have moved three times this year. 今年他们已经搬了三次家。 4. 现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用。如 yesterday, last week, in 1999, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等。语法练习：1.Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still3. Have you met Mr Li _？A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago3 重点词组：1 be in = be at home 在家；2 get lost 迷路；3 each other 彼此；4 call sb. = call sb. up = ring sb. up = make a telephone call = telephone sb. 打电话给某人；5 not .any more = no more 不再（频率上的不再）；6 hate to go shopping 讨厌去购物；7 central park 中心公园；8 department store 百货商场；9 lose one way 迷失方向，迷路；10 the largest population 最多人口；11 developing country 发展中国家；12 developed country 发达国家；13 carry out 实行,进行，执行；14 the one-child policy独生子女政策；15 control the population控制人口；16 take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事；17 one fifth 五分之一；18 because of + n. / v.ing = because + 句子 因为；19 living space 居住面积；20 at the same time 同时；21 thanks to(介词） = because of / with the help of . 多亏了., 由于.的帮忙；22 thanks for + 名词 / 代词 / 动词ing 为.感谢；23 be known as = be famous as.作为而著名24 satisfy daily need 满足日常需求；25 work well in doing在方面起作用；26 比较级 and 比较级 越来越.；27 have a long way to do sth. 做某事有很长的路要走； 28 offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会；29 deal with 处理；30 solve the problem 解决问题；31 social problem 社会问题；32 government measure 政府措施；33 be surrounded by 被. 环绕；34 cut trees 砍伐树木；35 close to 接近；36 be careful with / about / of sth. 小心，谨慎地对待某物或某事；37 discouraged + v. ing 劝阻， 阻止38 help each other 互相帮助；39 have a long history 拥有很长的历史；40 places of interest 名胜古迹；41 public transportation 公共交通设施；42 cause some problems 引起一些问题；43 extended family 大家庭（几代同堂的家庭）；44 nuclear family 核心家庭，小家庭；（只包括父母及子女）4 练习：A. 选择题：( ) 1._the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?It_about 296 million.A. What is; isB. What was; was C. How many is; wasD. How many was; is( ) 2.Have you returned the library book_? Yes, Ive_ returned it.A. already; alreadyB. yet; yet C. already; yetD. yet; already( ) 3.The worlds population problem will be serious _all the countries do something to control it.A. orB. butC. unlessD. and( ) 4.I have never visited a paper factory. _. A. So have I. B. So I have. C. Neither have I.D. I havent now.( ) 5._ of the students_ boys in our class.A. One fifth; areB. One fifths; areC. First fifths; isD. One five; is( )6._the strong wind, they had to shut up all the windows.A. Because ofB. BecauseC. Thanks toD. Thanks( ) 7.Its unfair,_ ? A. isnt itB. is itC. isnt heD. is he( )8. What do you know about China? Its the one-child policy that has _controlling the population in China.A. been good atB. taken good care ofC. worked well inD. got on well in( ) 9. Japan is a_country while China is a _ country. A. developing; developed B. developed; developing C. developing; developing D. developed; developed( )10. She asked me_. A. how many chairs are there in the classroom B. how many chairs there are in the classroom C. how many chairs there were in the classroom D. how many chairs there had in the classroom( ) 11.We must the policy to control the heavy traffic in the city. A.carry out B.take out C.bring out D.look out( )12. The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Shenyang.A. thatB. itC. oneD. this( ) 13. _ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?It _ about 296 million.A. What is; isB. What was; wasC. How many is; wasD. How many was; is( ) 14._ of the teachers are women in our school.A. Two thirdB. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three( )1 5. Hes read this book before, _?A. hasnt heB. doesnt heC. isnt heD. wasnt he( ) 16.Kangkang is good at English. .He often speaks to foreigners. A.So is he. B.So he is. C.So was he D.So he was. ( ) 17.The little girl has _ finished reading the book you lent her.A. already B. yet C. stillD. onceB.阅读理解。Most people in Britain live in small family groups. More than a quarter of homes in Britain have only one person living in them. Some of these persons are old but some are of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone. 35% of homes have two people living in them, and another 17% have three people. 15% have four people living in them, and the other homes have five or more.The families in Britain are small. It is unusual for parents to have more than two children. When children are about eighteen or nineteen, they leave their parents home, and they often go to other cities. Sometimes they only visit their parents two or three times a year.根据短文内容，判断正(T)误( F)。( )1.The passage is a report.( )2.35% of homes in Britain have 3 people living in them