介词综合知识-原创.docx

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义（ ）讲义编号_ 学员编号： 年级 ：高三 课时数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：帅力渝课 题总结介词的基本用法及其高考考点授课日期及时段教学目的1 词汇目标记忆C字母打头的单词2 句型目标-翻译带介词结构的句子3 语法目标-掌握介词的基本用法及其与名词动词搭配的词组等等4 写作与阅读目标在写作和阅读中掌握介词，熟记介词教学内容 Step 1 warming up （-） A. Relaxing time：3menwereinabartalkingaboutcoincidences,the1stmansaid,mywifewasreadingataleof2citieswhenshegavebirthtotwins,the2ndmanresumed,mywifewasreading3musketeerwhenshedeliveredmytriplets,OHMYGODscreamedthe3rdman,IVEGOTTORUSHBACKHOME.whenaskedwhy,hesaidmywifeisreadingALIBABAand40thievesPlease read it aloud and tell this to your teacherB. Enjoy reading :DUTIES OF A STUDENT 学生的责任 Education is the very thing that we want to receive. Our parents send us to school so as to enableus to get (obtain) knowledge and achieve great things in the future. The following are the duties of a student (which) we should keep in mind.In the first place, we should be filial to our parents and respectful to our teachers. In the secondplace, we have to (must) study as hard as we can. Last of all, we must not tell lies.To sum up, the above-mentioned rules are the very duties of a student. 教育就是我们要接受的东西。我们父母送我们上学以便能使人们获得知识与将来成大事。下面是我们应该记住的学生的责任。我们应对父母要孝顺，对老师要尊敬。我们要尽可能的用功读书。最后，我们切不可说谎。总而言之，上面所说的规则就是我们应尽的责任.大声反复朗读上面的文章，注意语音语调，做到熟读成诵 。 1 .words and expressions dictationStep2 Revision 2. Sentences translation (80) （-） 3. composition and grammar exercise check and correctDictate words and xpressions (48) (以C字母打头的单词与短语)l 查找知识缺陷，整理错题到错题本上l 把尚未记住的单词抄写下来，继续记忆。A. grammar goal B. Reading goal Step3 goals of this class （70） C. Writing goal Grammar goal of this class； knowledge of prep and exercises:高考预热-介词练习1-Have you seen his beautiful picture? - Yes. His best known work that is _ all praise can be seen in the exhibition. （ 适当难度的介词的隐引申含义考察Beyond 超过，在远处，超越，在能力范围之外） A. without B. beyond C. with D.for 2.- Was it in 1969_ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon? - Quite right.（ succeed in doing sth 动词与介词的搭配） A. when ; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in3. Why are you so rude? Be kind _ your classmates, dont be hard _ them, will you?（ 形容词与介词的搭配。 Be kind / good / rude/ bad to , be hard on , be angry with/ at, be pleased / satisfied . with 等一些常见的形容词与介词的搭配，也是介词的考点与难点） A. to ; on B. to ; to C with; with D. for ; with4. The class named _ Lei Feng is one of the best classes in our school.（ 介词+名词+介词词组考察。介词的搭配） A. in honor of B. in the place of C. in favor of D. in the way of 5. In his factory the workers are not paid _ the season. （ 一般用法） A. in B. during C. for D.by6. the two paris of shoes are _ the same color.（be of +名词，结构性用法） - But they are different _ size.7._ arriving at the spot, the police got down to _ photos.（ on +动名词结构， get down to doing关于to作为介词的用法考察） A. As ; take B. As; taking C. On ; take D. On; taking8. Have you seen Mr Brown ? ( 一般的简单用法) - Oh, he has gone home _Christmas. A. on B. at C. for D. to9. Mr Harrris apologized _ the children _ the lady _ what they hd done. （ apologize to sb for sth 以及for 的一般用法“ 代替”） A. for ; to ; to B. to; to ; for C. for; to; for D. to ; for; for10. Is there anything good _ at the Peoples theatre? -Yes. What about going together ? （ be on 上演， 特殊意义）A. in B. on C. for D. except11. Daddy was really cross _ me when I broke the window. （be cross with= be angry with 比较偏的形容词的搭配） A. with B. to C. from D. for12. Having had a long journey, none of us advised_ a good rest. (及物动词在不用做词组时，无需加介词后再接宾语) A. for B. on C. to D. /13. I was disappointed _ the film. I had expected _ to be more interesting.（形容词与介词的搭配。） A. with ; it B. to; that C. for; this D. of ; one 14. John and Jenny are of the same age, but John is taller _ a head. （by + 增减数额） A. than B with C. by D. over15. Iwas tired, father.（ 介词与形容词的搭配） - tired? _？For which B. For what C. Because what D. of what16. He asked several questions _ the professor who gave us a lecture_ the balance of nature.（of 有剥离之意，ask questions of sb 向某人提问， a lecture on sth。 介词“ on/ about 作为关于的用法比较）A. with; for B. from ; of C. to ; about D. of ; on17. I cant see the screen. His head is _. （ 不同介词与同一个单词搭配所产生的不同含义） A. on the way B. in the way in a way D. by the way18. The ship would have sank with all _ board _ the efforts of the captain. （搭配与一般用法） A. on; but for B. from; except C. on; because of D. by; without19. We should do more such exercises in the future, I think ，_ those we did the other day. （suchas结构搭配） A. as B. than C. like D. about 20. The crops are growing _ we expected_ the harvest time will be put off. （ 连词与介词的区别as 还是like ) A. as; except for B. as; except that C. like; except for D. like; except that21. if you dont wait _ the red light, youll be punished by the policemen.（介词+动词搭配） A. at B. under C. for D.on22. The man introduced him _ 007 and his real name is James Bond.（ 介词+动词搭配）A. to B. for C. like D. as23. Most people in England will sit up_ after midnght to see_ New Year_ New Years Eve.（综合考察Until after/ from in / outside, 介词+介词结构， see in 迎接， on用在表示具体的某一天上午下午晚上）A. / ; come ; on B. until ; in; on C. into ; in ; at D. till; in ; at24. Xiao zhang is tall enough _ a boy of ten.（介词的一般用法，for “ 作为 “ ）A. to B. with C. for D at25. Because of her devotion _ music , she has become friendly with Mr Zhang. A. in B. to C. with D. on26. what idea can a man who is blind from his birth have _ color?A. in B./ C. with D. of27. Some people say that we live _ the age of computers. A. in B. at C. with D. for28. May I attend your lecture, Mr Green ? - Welcome _ open arms A. with B. by C. in D. for29._ defeated , they didnt lose heart. A. in spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until30. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _ the end of this year. A. at B. by C. for D. till31. Yesterday I paid a call _ Aunt Wang on my way home. A. at B. to C. on D. in32 How much should I pay _ two tickets ?- What day ? A ticket _ weekdays in seven dollars, but ten dolars _ weekends.A. for; for; / B. for; on; at C. / ; for; / D. on ; for; at33. I found the island an ideal place for our experiments_ the hot weather. A. besides B. except for C. except D. except that34. Books are the most important records we keep _ mans thought, ideas and feelings. A. up B. to C. of D. on35. The doctors tried to laugh my mother _ her fears about the coming operation. A. from B. against C. off D. into36. Mr White and I used to keep in touch _ writing to each other very often. A. with B. on C.from D. by37. The guests were welcomed _ the entrance_ the bulding. A. in; of B. at ; with C. by; of D. at; to38. We will go to Shanghai _ Beijing. A. by the way of B. on the way of C. by way of D. by way to39. Tom is engaged _ Mary and now he is engaged_ writing his letter. A. to ; in B. to; to c. in ; in D. in; to40. She sold the chicken _ twelve dollars. It was sold _ half price. A. at; in B. for ; at C. by ; on D. with ; at【参考答案】1-5： BDAAD 6-10： BDCCB 11-15 : ADACD 16-20 : DBAAB 21-25: ADBCB26-30 : DAACD 31-35: CABBC 36-40： DDCAB上面的题目做完后，我们可以总结一下介词的考察主要集中在介词与其他词类的固定搭配，意义较为接近的介词的用法区别，以及介词与连词在用法上的易混淆之处等。在做十选九以及完形填空时，很多时候我们就可以根据介词与动词，名词，形容词等的搭配来决定我们的选择。另外我们在做翻译时常常会涉及到一些含介词的固定搭配，以及易混淆的介词的用法区别的问题。好，下面我们先讲讲介词的基本用法，再讲介词的搭配与用法。介词和介词短语的基本用法 A . 简单介词：in ， at , on , besides, since, for B . 复合介词： inside， within， withoutI. 介词的分类 C . 短语介词： according to, because of, in front of D 分词介词 ： concerning , considering, including 1 定语 2 状语 A.与名词代词连用 3。表语II. 基本的用法 4。 宾补 B 与动词和形容词搭配 Aat 表示具体时间点。At noon/ midnght/daybreak/Weekends/ christmas/ the age of / three oclockIII 介词的普通用法： B. on表示某天，或者具体某天的上午，下午，晚上：on 在何时 Monday/ June 6th of 2010 / the evening of june 6th Of 2010/ a rainy evening C.在某个时间段或者在某年，月，季。In 2010, in March , in spring .in the morning / evening/ afternoon A. during : 在期间 1表示时间的介词 B. for : 达， 记 E.in 表示在一段时间后，与将来时连用。 在期间 C.within : 不超过 D.fromto / till： 从到，直到 a. before：before class/ lunch 3. 既可以做连词 b. after： after school/ class/ supper1. 表示时间的介词 又可以作介词 c. since: he has lived here since 1985. d. until: the meeting will last until 5 oclock 4. between在之间：between five am and 7 pm 5By 到时为止 : by the end of last month / then 注意: 表示时间时，有时不必加介词：含next / last/ this/ all / every/ these/ those + 时间词时，前面不用加介词。 1 In： 大地点。 At小而具体的地点 A. on: 接触物体表面 2在上面 B. above：侧重上下位置，有对比。相对的上方，不垂直 C. over：垂直上方。或者横越两端，或覆盖表面。Spread a cloth over the table A.beneath(0pp) on : 接触表面的下面 3.在下面 B. below-( opp) above 相对下方：below zero/ sea level/ his rank 表C.under- (opp) over. 正下方: carry sth under the arm/ underconstruction / control/ go past under the bridge 示A. before-(opp) after在眼前、面前、背后。常与抽象概念连用。暗示在地位，威望等方面相对高（低）如：go/ come/ lie/ stand before方 B. in front of-(opp) behind4.在之前/ 后 C. in the front of-(opp) at the back of位 的 A. between 两者之间 5. 在之中/间 B. among 三者以上 C. in the middle of 正中的位置。 At the center of 在核心的位介 6在旁边 A.near ; 靠近，在附近B.close to 紧挨着 词 Cnext to 紧邻着 D.beside与by 意思相近。“ 在旁边、紧挨 E。around 在.附近 7Inside-(opp) outside （ 介词，副词，名词） 8.(from) across 在那边、在对面 9Against靠着，对着 ： The trees grow against the wall 10. beyond 在那边/ 远处 beyond the mountain 11. from 离开 ： my home is two miles from the railway station. Towards 不一定到达目的地表 1 to 到达目的地示 向 for常与动词head, sail, start, set about, depart 连用方 向 across 表面经过。从一边倒另一边的 2 by/ past旁边经过介 经过 over 从上空越过 Through 从中间通过词 all over空间：all over the country 3遍及 throughout空间，时间: throughout the country/ the nightAll along 空间（长方形空间）: all along the street 4. at。表示动作的朝向，不一定到达目标，与有些动词连用，常有“攻击”含义shout at/ laugh at / aim at/ look at 5. from.to 从到 6 Into-(opp) out of 7. along 沿着，顺着 8. Around 围绕、 环绕 9. For （方向，倾向，能力）向，往 10. off 从离开、掉落 a page came off the book. 1By: by+ 名词： by bus / train/ sea/ water/ air(交通方式)by hand （手工），by no means 绝不表示 by all means 尽一切努力 by way of 经由。 By +动名词learn English by listening to Englishsongs方式 2. In 方式，材料，途径，语言 You can do it in this way/ manner. In chinese/ in ink/ 方法 3. with 接特定，具体的工具，手段，材料或其他行为方式He wrote these chinese characters with a 手段 bamboo stick.的 4. Through 用某种方法，手段，经由: through internet/ I got to know this writer through a friend.介词 1.At (能力，造诣): be good / bad/ expert at在方面 2.in 在某一领域、 方面：be interested in / succeed in / have difficulty in/ have trouble in/ spend Time in doing / be rich in / be lack in 1.except(近义词) other than 不包括除开的对象在内 2.except for(近义词)other than只不过，只是 3. except that/ wh-只不过，只是. 4 But :常与no body,no one, none, nothing, anything等搭配使用。除.之外 5. besides ：包括被除对象在内: in addition to , whats more (近义词) 6. apart from(近义词) 1.Besides= in addition to 2. except for 3. without ：There would be no knowledge apart from practise . 1 On 与speak,talk , write, 等连用。常常是关于某一学科深层的讨论 论述，关于 2。About关于某人，某事的具体情况： learn about , know about ,hear about , talk about 3.of ； 一般比较粗略的提及， 听说， 想起： hear of , think of , remind sb of , tell sb of , hear of 1.with : with +名词+adj/ done/ doing / adv/ 介词结构/ to do 伴随的介词 2.without: without+名词+adj/ done/ doing / adv/ 介词结构/ to do 1 Because of 可以与owing to ,as result of , on account of ,thanks to 互换使用 2 Due to 与be 连用 表示原因 3。Out of 表示产生某种行为的动机或者内心的感受； I helped her out of pity./ she cried out of 的介词与 sympathy 介词词组 4. For 侧重情感或行为产生的依据，或因此带来的后果 5Of 直接原因。From直接原因die of cancer/ die from road accident 6.with指身体，精神产生变化的原因。 Through 不良的原因产生不良的后果-shake with fear/Green with envy . be ill through too much pressure.介词常见考点，疑点1.Curious / worried / stupid about 2. Astonished/ clever/ expert / good / efficient/ bad/ quick / slow /Surprised at 3. Eager/ enough/ famous/ unfit/ suitable/ responsible/ sorry for 4. Absent/ away/ Different/ far / fresh / safe from 5. Honest/ interested/ poor/ weak in 6. Afraid / ahead/ Ashamed / aware/ capable(有能力的)/ certain/ conscious/ confident/ fond/ full/ independent/ possible/Proud/ short/ shy/ sure/ tired of 7. Dependent/ hard/ keen on 8. Accustomed/ agreeable/ Close / contrary/ cruel/ dear/ equal/ harmful/ new / next/ obvious/ polite/ rude/ satisfactory / similar/Used/ useful to 9. Covered/ crowded/ patient / pleased / popular with2. 下列短语中的to 是介词： be used to, look forward to, object to , stick to, devote to, contribute to, adapt oneself to, 3. 部分含有否定意义的介词1) Beyond / above/ past超出之能力/范围.My gratitute to her is above my words.His success in this competition is beyond his imagination.2) Against 提防He was warned against smoking.3) From 脱离，阻止，免除No one can prevent me from attending.4) Instead of “代替，而非 ”You should be out playing instead of working indoors.5) Behind “落后于”He is behind others in ability.6) Below/ under “ 低于”.The population of Tianjin is below ten million.4. 部分表示地点，方位的介词也可以用作副词，常见的有：above, across, along, below,down, in inside, off, on, over,outside, up等，上述各词转换成副词后不再接宾语。5 间接宾语前的介词：Give/ offer/ take/ leave/ send/ lend/ return/ pass/ hand/ pay/ show/ sell/ owe/ tell/ teach/ promise +sth+to sb. Buy / get/ make/ cook/ save/ find/ order/ point/ draw/ choose/ keep / build sth for sb Write/ sing/ read/ do / bring/ fetch sth for / to sb5. 相似介词短语比较：In turn依次 by turns 轮流 in the field在田野里，在某一领域 on the field 在战场上 in the north在北部（范围之内） on the north 在北面（ 接壤） in half= into halves 分成两半， into three parts分成三份。6 受汉语干扰，可能会用错介词的情况：a) 在汉语思维中可带不定式做宾语的动词在英语中可能只能跟“ 介词+宾语”的结构。 如： dream of doing,Think of doing, succeed in doing , remind sb of sth, insist on doing sthb) 在汉语思维中可以直接带宾语的动词在英语中可能要后接一个介词， 如：ask for something , wait for, listen To, look at, C ） 在汉语思维中要接介词，但在英语中可能并不需要带介词。 如：serve the people, enter the room, marry The man.7 在某一天的上午下午晚上本应该用on, 但是前面若有几点几分之类的短语需用in, 如： at six in the morning of last Sunday.8. 表示有箱有仓的交通工具用on . 有箱无仓用in或on 都可以，但在“ 小轿车car”中，一般用in.上小轿车时说：get into a car, 下车get out of a car.【需要注意的介词短语】l 以at 为中心At sunset/ daybreak/ New year / Christmas，at a time 每次， 一次，一度 at one time 同时，曾经、 at Times有时， at all times随时， 无论何时、 at the moment此刻，那时at present目前，眼下 all at once突然at table, 在进餐， at sea, 在海上，在航行中， at war在交战中。 At No. 23 在二十三号。 at a distance在稍远处，隔开一些 、 at cost of 以为代价l 以in 为中心In no time 立刻 in course of 正在 中、 in the course of 在过程中； 在期间 in all 总共、 in general通常总的来说、 in trouble 处在困境中、 in pain 痛苦中， in sight 被看见， in order 有秩序的， in public 公开的In favor of 支持，赞同 in need of 需要 in honour of 为祝贺， 为纪念， 为向表示敬意 in (the) face of 面对、 in memory of 为了纪念， in search of搜寻， in the ones search for搜寻， in a word 总之，一句话in other words 换句话。l 以on 为中心On New Years Day 在元旦， on Christmas Day， on leave在休假、on business,出差，因事、 因公 on a Visit在访问中、 on sale 出售，