交响乐简介词汇表英文.doc

交响乐词汇表Central Conservatory of Music: 中央音乐学院Music Director: 音乐总监Principle Conductor：首席指挥Symphony Orchestra：交响乐团Central Chinese Orchestra：中国国家交响乐团Baton：指挥棒China Philharmonic：中国爱乐乐团Yellow River Cantata：黄河大合唱String Instrument：弦乐Chinese Folk Music/Chinese traditional music: 中国民乐Chinese national instrument：民族乐器western instruments：西洋乐器soloist：独奏者violinist：小提琴家viola：中提琴cello：大提琴 cellist：大提琴家composer：作曲家musician: 音乐人artist/ player: 演奏家，艺术家concerto：协奏曲concertmaster：乐团首席：多指首席小提琴repertoire：保留曲目concert band：管乐团operetta：轻歌剧，小歌剧dance music: 圆舞曲 waltzmusic score：曲谱Music Stand：谱架交响乐队是音乐王国里的器乐大家族，一般来说它分为五个器乐组：弦乐组、木管组、铜管组、打击乐组和色彩乐器组。下面分组介绍各种乐器（它们都是从高音到低音的乐器）：弦乐组：小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、倍大提琴。木管组：短笛、长笛、双簧管、英国管、单簧管、大管。铜管组：小号、圆号、长号、低音号。打击乐组：定音鼓、锣、镲、铃鼓、三角铁等。色彩乐器组：钢琴、竖琴、木琴、铝板钟琴等。对于一些特殊曲目，还会加入其它的一些乐器，像唢呐，喇叭，二胡等民族乐器Sections of string弦乐组, brass铜管组, woodwind木管乐, and percussion instruments打击乐组.A smaller-sized orchestra for this time period (of about 50 musicians or fewer) is called achamber orchestra室内管弦乐队. A full-size orchestra (about 100 musicians) may sometimes be called a symphony orchestra or philharmonic orchestra;Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments.Classical orchestra editWoodwinds 2Flutes 长笛2Oboes 双簧管2Clarinets(in C, B, or A) 单簧管、黑管2Bassoons 低音管Brass 2 or 4Horns(in any key) 圆号2Trumpets(in any key) 小号Percussion2Timpani 定音鼓Snare drum：小军鼓Tenor drum：高音鼓Bass drum：大鼓，低音鼓Cymbals：大镲Tam-tam：铜锣Triangle：三角铁Wood block：响木Tambourine：手鼓Glockenspiel：钟琴Xylophone：木琴Vibraphone：电颤琴Tubular bells：管钟Marimba：马林巴琴Strings10Violins1 8Violins26Violas 中提琴4Cellos 大提琴2Double basses 低音提琴KeyboardsPianoCelesta(Pipe organ) 管风琴Trombone：长号Cornets：短号交响乐一般分为四个乐章：Four movements 第一乐章：奏鸣曲式sonata form，快板 1.An opening sonata or allegro第二乐章：复三部曲式或变奏曲，慢板 2.A slow movement, such as adagio第三乐章：小步舞曲或者谐谑曲，中、快板3.A minuet or scherzo with trio第四乐章：奏鸣曲或回旋曲式，快板 4.An allegro, rondo, or sonata引子：Add slow introduction 交响乐队组成：Among the instrument groups and within each group of instruments, there is a generally accepted hierarchy. Every instrumental group (or section) has a principal who is generally responsible for leading the group and playing orchestral solos. The violins are divided into two groups, first violin and second violin, with the second violins playing with lower registers than the first violins.The principal first violin is called the concertmaster (or leader in the UK) and is not only considered the leader of the string section, but the second-in-command of the entire orchestra, behind only the conductor. The concertmaster leads the pre-concert tuning and handles technical aspects of orchestra management, usually sitting to the conductors left, closest to the audience.The classical music of Azerbaijan is calledmugam(more accurately