step-by-step3000第二册Unit-11-Tapescript-SBS-2.doc

Unit 11 News III. SpacePart IANew wordcircuit绕行一周，周线luminous发光的 contemptuous轻视的 celestial天的，天空的 glowworm萤火虫 cosmically宇宙的 thermonuclear （核子物理）热核（反应）的， guise外观,伪装 Eurasian欧亚大陆的 landmass大片陆地 The EarthThe diameter 8,000 milesDiameters between the Sun and the Earth 93 million milesTime taken for the Earth to complete one circuit around the Sun 365 14 daysThe SunClass Yellow Dwarf (黄色小矮星)Size 864,000 miles in diameter, 1+million times the size of the EarthTemperature 6,000C (11,000F) at its surface; 10+millionC deep insideForm gaseousEnergy producing process by means of thermonuclear processesDifference between a star(sun) A star gives out light, a planet reflects the rays of the sunand a planet TapescriptThe Earth is a planet just under 8,000 miles in diameter, moving around the Sun at a distance of 93,000,000 miles, and completing one circuit in 365 14 days. The Sun itself is a star. It is by no means distinguished一点都不突出, and modern astronomers class it as “Yellow Dwarf”; it seems splendid to us only because it is relatively so near. We know of stars which are at least a million times more luminous than the Sun, and yet are so far away that telescopes are needed to see them all. The stars visible at night-time are immensely distant, which is why they appear only as tiny points of light. Many of them may well have planet-systems行星系 of their own.All the same, we must not be contemptuous of the Sun. It may not be a celestial searchlight探照灯, but neither is it a glowworm: it is normal in every way, and cosmically it is far more important than our own insignificant world. Its diameter is 864,000 miles so that it could contain more than a million globes the size of the Earth; even as its surface, the temperature is around 6,000C (11,000F), and in the solar “power-house”太阳能发电房, deep inside, the temperature must rise to well over the million degrees. The sun is gaseous气体的, and is not burning in the ordinary sense of the word但是它不是“气体”这个词普通意义上的燃烧, since it produce its energy by means of thermonuclear processes near its core.因为它只是在它的中心部分通过热核反应过程产生能量The essential difference between a star and a planet is that 恒星本身就是一颗太阳, whereas a planet shines only because it reflects the rays of our own particular Sun. If we could observe from the surface of another worldMars for instancethe Earth too would appear in the guise of a starlike object, and a telescope would be needed to show even large features地貌 such as the Pacific Ocean and the Eurasian landmass 欧亚大陆Bspace shuttle太空穿梭机 crew全体员工 launch发射 dock使（宇宙飞行器）在外层空间对接 sensor传感器 hydrogen氢气 helium氦 methane 甲烷，沼气ammonia氨 dwarf矮星 fledgling初出茅驴的人，年轻而缺乏经验者 outpost前哨 checkout试验，调整 revive 使再生效，恢复space probe太空探索 volcanic火山的 International Space Station国际空间站 Jupiter木星 Pluto冥王星 International Astronomical Union 国际天文学联合会Prague布拉格（捷克首都） Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃空间望远镜Discovery：发现号航天飞机（STS Discovery OV-103）是美国国家航空暨太空总署（NASA）肯尼迪航天中心（KSC）旗下，第三架实际执行太空飞行任务的太空梭。首次飞行是在1984年8月30日，负责进行各种科学研究与作为国际太空站（International Space Station，ISS）计划的支援。2011年3月7日，“发现”号航天飞机脱离国际空间站，9日在肯尼迪航天中心安全着陆，结束了近27年的飞行。The New Horizons spacecraft: 新地平线号航天器Endeavor： 奮進號穿梭機（STS Endeavour OV-105，又譯努力號）是美國國家航空暨太空總署（NASA）肯尼迪太空中心（KSC）旗下第五架實際執行太空飛行任務的穿梭機，也是最新的一架，首次飛行是1992年5月7日的STS-49號任務。奮進號負責的任務中有不小比例是用來支援國際太空站計劃。2011年5月16日，奮進號從佛羅里達州的肯尼迪太空中心發射升空，前往國際太空站。這是它最後一次任務，在此次任務結束後，奮進號除役。Unity：团结号节点舱是美国为国际空间站建造的第一个部分。团结号节点舱由一个圆柱形的外壳，和六个能便利的与其他舱室连接的通用接驳装置（Common Berthing Mechanism）所组成。团结号直径4.57米（15英尺），长5.47米（18英尺），由波音公司位于阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的马歇尔空间飞行中心里的工厂为美国宇航局（NASA）制造。团结号节点舱有时被称为节点1，是全部建成后的完整空间站上三个相同的连接舱中的第一个。 Zvezda ：（俄罗斯）星辰号太空舱 Pathfinder：火星探路者(Mars Pathfinder, MPF)是美国国家航空航天局的1996年火星探测计划。 美国国家航空航天局的火星探测计划长期致力于对火星这颗红色行星进行无人探测，火星探路者是这一系列无人探测计划的一个组成部分。 火星探路者于1997年07月04日在火星表面着陆。它携带的索杰纳号火星车，是人类送往火星的第一部火星车。 Galileo：伽利略号是1989年从“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机上发射的，是美国航天局第一个直接专用探测木星的航天器。也是美国宇航局发射的最成功的探测器之一。它于1989年升空，1995年12月抵达环木星轨道。IO: 木卫一，即艾奥，是木星的四颗伽利略卫星中最靠近木星的一颗卫星，它的直径3,642 公里，是太阳系第四大的卫星。它的名字来自众神之王宙斯的恋人之一：艾奥，是希腊的女祭司.木卫一表面的最热点温度可达700开。Io is Jupiters innermost moon(Jupiter has more than 60 moons), and is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Its geological activity is thought to be the result of tidal heating from friction generated by the pull of Jupiters gravity. But its not known whether this internally generated tidal heat is high enough to generate the heat flow observed onIos surface卫星是指在围绕行星轨道上运行的天然天体或人造天体。在太空运行的卫星 1月球就是最明显的天然卫星的例子。在太阳系里，除水星和金星外，其他行星都有天然卫星。太阳系已知的天然卫星总数（包括构成行星环的较大的碎块）至少有160颗。天然卫星是指环绕行星运转的星球，而行星又环绕着恒星运转。就比如在太阳系中，太阳是恒星，我们地球及其它行星环绕太阳运转，月亮、土卫一、天卫一等星球则环绕着我们地球及其它行星运转，这些星球就叫做行星的天然卫星。木星的天然卫星最多，其中17颗已得到确认，至少还有6颗尚待证实。天然卫星的大小不一，彼此差别很大。其中一些直径只有几千米大，例如，火星的两个小月亮，还有木星,土星，天王星外围的一些小卫星。还有几个却比水星还大，例如，土卫六、木卫三和木卫四，它们的直径都超过5200千米。 而随着现代科技的不断发展，人类研制出了各种人造卫星，这些人造卫星和天然卫星一样，也绕着行星（大部分是地球）运转。人造卫星的概念可能始于1870年。第一颗被正式送入轨道的人造卫星是前苏联1957年发射的人卫1号。从那时起，已有数千颗环绕地球飞行。人造卫星还被发射到环绕金星、火星和月亮的轨道上。人造卫星用于科学研究，而且在近代通讯、天气预报、地球资源探测和军事侦察等方面已成为一种不可或缺的工具。 自1957年前苏联将世界第一颗人造卫星送入环地轨道以来，人类已经向浩瀚的宇宙中发射了大量的飞行器。据美国一个名为“关注科学家联盟”的组织近日公布的最新全世界卫星数据库显示，目前正在环绕地球飞行的共有795颗各类卫星，而其中一半以上属于世界上唯一的超级大国美国，它所拥有的卫星数量已经超过了其他所有国家拥有数量的总和，达413颗，军用卫星更是达到了四分之一以上Answer1. WhatIt was launched to fly to the International Space Station.WhyOne of Discoverys fuel tank sensors failed a test.2. It has made some of the most detailed pictures ever taken of the planet Jupiter.3. WhatThey agreed to a new definition of planet. How manyeight instead of nine. Whatthe dwarf planet4. to make repairs and add new equipment.5. Whatsmall aircraft/very light jetsWhatThe new planes will cost up to 50 percent less than business jets now on the market.6. What forto provide electricity for science experiments Whennext month7. a living room and a command center8. Pathfinders 30-day mission on Mars is a 100 percent success.9. WhoNASA Whenat the end of September, 83 days after its landing10. to get a closer look at the most volcanic body in solar systemTapescript1. The American space shuttle returned to the skies on July twenty sixth. Discovery and its seven member crew were launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to fly to the International Space Station. The launch was supposed to have taken place on July thirteenth. But, space agency officials called it off just a few hours before the launch because one of Discoverys fuel tank sensors failed a test. NASA officials investigated the system for several days but they never learned the cause. They decided to set up another launch for last Tuesday. Discovery is now connected to the space station, orbiting hundreds kilometers above Earth. 2. The New Horizons spacecraft has made some of the most detailed pictures taken of the planet Jupiter. Yet the American spacecraft is only passing by the planet. New Horizons pictures of Jupiter and three of its moons are filled with surprises. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. The planet has a deep, thick atmosphere of clouds made of hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia. New Horizons used its Long Range Reconnaissance Imager远距勘查成像器camera to take pictures of a storm called the Little Red Spot. The Pictures will help scientists learn how the storm developed.3. In August, more than two thousand members of the International Astronomical Union met in the Czech capital, Prague. They agreed to a new definition of planet. So, now the solar system has eight planets instead of nine. But do not cry for the former ninth planet. The astronomical union says we should not think we have lost a planet but that we have gained a new kind of space object: the dwarf planet, Pluto.4. NASA announced it would fly a shuttle crew to the space telescope to make repairs and add new equipment. The telescope orbits six hundred kilometers above the Earth. The shuttle crew is expected to make the trip in May next year. They hope to fix Hubble so it can continue operating until 2013. Michael Bakich as Astronomy magazine was among those very happy at NASAs decision. He calls the Hubble Space Telescope one of the great machines of all time. 5. Make room for some new arrivals in the market for small aircraft. The new airplanes are called very light jets. They are also known by other names including mini jets, microjets and air taxis. The federal Aviation Administration联邦航空管理局 in the United States expects nearly 5,000 to be in service by 2017. The new planes will cost up to 50 percent less than business jets now on the market.6. U. S. Space shuttle Endeavor has docked （与对接）with the International Space Station, bearing a gift of energy. The five-man shuttle team arrived to add a set of giant solar power panels to Unity to provide electricity for science experiments that will begin soon after the U.S. laboratory arrives next month.7. The International Space Station finally has a living room and a command center. The Russian Zvezda module docked earlier today with the fledgling outpost(刚建立起来的哨所,这里指国际空间站), which is being assembled in space. After a checkout period(调整期), it will be ready for the first crew to live in later this year.8. The U.S. Space Agency NASA has declared its Pathfinder spacecraft mission to Mars a 100 percent success. This week the Pathfinder completed its 30-day planned mission on Mars. A. U.S. space official says this spacecraft has fulfilled all its objectives. 9. The United States Space Agency NASA says its given up any real hope of reviving its space probe on Mars. The spacecraft Pathfinder made its last transmission of scientific data from the surface of mars at the end of September, 83 days after landing. 10. The U. S. Galileo spacecraft is heading for another pass穿过 by Jupiters fiery moon IO Thursday to get a closer look at the most volcanic body in our solar system. A pass just 600 kilometers away last month has provided a better understanding of just how active it is.Part IINew wordsanother solar system另一太阳系 constellation星座 astronomy天文学 full-fledged羽毛丰满的,成熟的 Jupiter木星Upsilon Andromeda：仙女座: 是一个位在仙女座的联星系统，距离地球约44光年。美国科学家发现，离地球大约四十四光年的UpsilonAndromeda星球有三个行星环绕着它运行，形成一个新的太阳系。 UpsilonAndromeda星球是北半球天空的一颗明亮的星星，用肉眼便可以看到，它的年龄约三十亿年，是太阳的三分之二；UpsilonAndromeda星球位于仙女座内A. The Sun/Star Its planetsName Upsilon Andromeda Number 3How far away fromour system 44 light years Size Huge (like Jupiter)B1. F 2. F 3. T 4. FTapescriptWhat science fiction once told of other worlds far away, is now fact. Astronomers confirm another solar system like ours with multiple planets in the constellation Andromeda.“What we have found now, for the first time ever, is indeed a full fledged system of planets around the star Upsilon Andromeda. It appears to have three planets, one close in, one at a middle distance, and one father out.”The star is slightly larger than our sun. The planets are huge, like our Jupiter. “Heres the inner planets that goes around (every) 4.6 days, the middle planet that goes around every 242 days, and then outer planet which goes around every three and a half to four years.”Astronomically, its not far away, 44 light years. The sun of that solar system, Upsilon Andromeda is so near and bright, it can be seen by the naked eye肉眼 during summer and fall.For twelve years astronomers searched the skies in the belief that if our sun has planets around it surely others do, too.“And then starting three and a half years ago, we began finding for the first time planets singly, one planet large around one star”It was a wobble 摇摆in the star that led Jeff Marcy to the planet. “The star wobbles around due to gravity of the planet, much like a dog owner gets yanked猛拉 around by a little poodle长卷毛狗.”Can the planets support life? (We) dont know, because present technology is not advanced enough to determine what the planets are made of.That, Marcy says, is astronomys next challenge.Statements:1. The sun of the new solar system, though very bright, is far away from our solar system. So it cant be seen by our naked eyes.2. The middle planet of Upsilon Andromeda goes around every three and a half years.3. According to scientists, it is possible that the stars we see in the sky all have planets around them.4. Scientists will soon find out whether the planets support life or not.Part IIINew wordailing observatory功能日渐失效的天文台 orbit运行轨道 gamma rays伽马射线 debris 碎片thruster调节宇宙飞船高度的小火箭 gyroscope陀螺仪，回转仪，鱼雷方向仪 bathe 沉浸，把浸于液体中stream from 从流出Compton Gamma Ray Observatory: The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO) is one of NASAs four Great Observatories 康普顿伽马斜线天文台Goddard Space Flight Center 美国 戈达德航天飞行中心SummaryThis news report tells us that an ailing observatory, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, has been forced to fall from its orbit and crash into a remote area in the Pacific Ocean to avoid deaths and injuries from the falling debris.Answers to the questions:1. 9 years2. 16 metric tons3. 6 tons4. About, 4,000 kilometers southeast of Hawaii5. 4,100 kilometers long and 26 kilometers wide6. Because one of its three stabilizing gyroscopes had failed in December7. It changed astronomers view of the heavens after showing that the entire universe is bathed in the invisible gamma rays TapescriptSpace Agency NASA forced an ailing observatory to fall from orbit and crash into the Pacific Ocean on Sunday. NASA engineers picked a remote spot to avoid deaths and injuries from the falling debris.NASA says the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory has made a fiery plunge through the atmosphere into an isolated area of the Pacific.Most of the nine-year-old satellite was to have burned up in the dive, but about six tons of hot metal were expected to have showered onto an isolated area about four thousand kilometers southeast of Hawaii. NASA has estimated that debris would scatter over a long, narrow path 41 hundred kilometers long and 26 kilometers wide.The deliberate crash came after Goddard Space flight Center technicians directed the observatory early Sunday to fire its thrusters twice to dive into the atmosphere. NASA felt this was necessary because one of the Comptons three stabilizing gyroscopes had failed in December. The Space Agency decided to bring the 16-metric-ton satellite back now in a controlled manner to prevent possible fu