unit-5--部分练习答案-翻译.doc

Unit 5Language in useWord formation: prefixes up - and under -1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the appropriate prefix up - or under -.1 I had to swim underwater for a long way to get out of their sight. (water)2 Whats happened since Ive been away. Can you update me? (date)3 The first rule in any combat is: Never underestimate your enemy. (estimate)4 My men spent most of the morning carrying heavy equipment uphill (hill)5 As he didnt have his bathing costume with him, the child went swimming with his underpants (pants )6 This computer isnt very powerful. I need an upgrade (grade)7 You should stand upright to salute the General. (right)8 In London the subway is known as the Underground (ground)Word formation: noun verb2 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.1 Can you send me a text message when you arrive? (text)Can you text me when you arrive?2 I would like to make a video of this scene. (video)3 Samantha is taken to school by bus every morning. (bussed)Samantha is bussed to school every morning.4 How can I get access to your account without the password? (access)5 About 100 people moved in a crowd into the waiting room. (crowded)6 Ive already sent you my reply by mail. (mailed)Ive already mailed you my reply.7 Thats a lot of money youve got there. I think you should put it in the bank. (bank)Thats a lot of money youve got there. I think you should bank it.8 Scientists have succeeded in making a map of the human genome. (mapping)The time / day will come when + will3 Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the expressions in brackets.1 One day he will be able to speak fluent English. (The day will come)The day will come when he will be able to speak fluent English.2 Youll both have to get a job one day. (The time will come)The time will come when youll both have to get a job one day.3 One day you will have a chance to write about the experience. (There will come a day)There will come a day when you will have a chance to write about the experience.4 Perhaps one day I will understand. (Perhaps the day will come)Perhaps the day will come when I will understand.what must it be / have been like4 Rewrite the sentences using what must it be/have been like.1 Its very cold here. I wonder how cold it is in Scotland.If its very cold here, what must it be like in Scotland?2 Houses are expensive in this part of country. I wonder how expensive they are in Paris.If houses are expensive in this part of country, what must they be like in Paris?3 The reading list is rather long in the first year. I wonder how long it will be in the second year.If the reading list is rather long in the first year, what must it be like in the second year?4 Incomes are very low here. I wonder how low they were a hundred years ago.If incomes are very low here, what must they have been like a hundred years ago?5 The rules are completely crazy in peacetime. I wonder how crazy they are during wartime.If the rules are completely crazy in peacetime, what must they have been like during wartime?6 Life is hard now. I wonder how hard it was during the Middle Ages.If life is hard now, what must it have been like during the Middle Ages?5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didnt laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy. (原文without引导的短语是插入语，汉译可根据语义关系调整语序。后一句两个定语从句在汉译中可化为宾语从句。)那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。2 There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for ones own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. (为避免译句过长，第一句中的定语从句可译为一个句子。)只有一个卡子，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。3 Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which theyre sending all the Jews . If its that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them? (第一句中 the big camp in Drenthe 与Westerbork 是同位语，同样译成了同位语，并把 to which 与前面断开。)我们的许多犹太人朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他们把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。如果说在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？4 The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Franks diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity. (注意第一句中三个介词“of”词组，汉译时应注意语序和措词。第二句的定语从句较难处理，汉译可利用括号作插入语。)它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这就是安妮弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀（其间有六百万犹太人被杀害）之声的原因：她的话代表了全人类的心声。6 Translate the sentences into English.1 虽然遇到了很多困难， 但在他的带领下，公司产品打开了销路，总体形势也有了好转。为了表彰他的突出贡献，公司决定奖励他一套住房。Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their product, and the overall situations was changing for the better. In recgnition of his outstanding contributions, the company decided to give him a flat as an award.2 当约翰向他挑战，要跟他比击剑的时候，他感到非常尴尬，因为他自知剑术不高，不是约翰的对手。如果他接受挑战，他肯定会输；可如果不接受呢，他就是个懦夫。(challenge to)When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for John at fencing. If he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didnt, he would be a coward.3 他昨天感冒了。我们本以为他好好睡一晚就会好起来，所以今天早上就送他去上学了。但是下午放学回家时他发起烧来，不得不卧床休息。(assume; confine to)He caught a cold yesterday. Assuming that he would get better after a good nights sleep, we sent him to school this morning. But later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed.4 在过去的几年里，我得了几次重病，一直在贫困状态中生活，但是我没有放弃我的梦想。无论发生什么事，我总是坚守我的梦想，而梦想对我来说也变成了极大的支持和安慰。(abandon; in spite of; cling to)In the past few years, I have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but I have neverabandoned my dreams. In spite of everything I clung to my dreams, which has turned out to be a great support and comfort to me.Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)第二十二条军规第二十二条军规是上个世纪最著名的小说之一。故事发生在第二次世界大战期间地中海一座小岛上的美军基地里。虽然流血和破坏的场景揭示了一些战争的恐怖，但它并非传统意义上的战争小说。没有英雄或英雄行为，敌人并不真是德国人（在故事中并未出现），而是能致你于死地的任何人包括你自己的长官。第二十二条军规主要是一部滑稽小说，其主要人物，一名叫约萨里安的飞行员，只有一个目标活到战争结束，然后回家。他以为通过装疯就能做到这一点。那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。“你这是在浪费时间，”达尼卡大夫不得不告诉他。“你难道不能让疯子停飞吗？”“哦，当然。我必须。有一条军规说我必须让疯子停飞。”“那你为什么不让我停飞？我疯了。问问克莱温格去。”“克莱温格？克莱温格在哪儿？你把克莱温格找来我就问他。”“那就随便问谁吧。他们会告诉你我有多疯。”“他们疯了。”“那你为什么不让他们停飞？”“他们为什么不要求我让他们停飞？”“因为他们疯了，这就是为什么。”“他们当然疯了，”达尼卡大夫回答。“我刚才告诉你他们疯了，不是吗？你不能让疯子来断定你是否疯了，对吧？”约萨里安冷静地看着他，换一种方法说。“奥尔疯了吗？”“他肯定疯了，”达尼卡大夫说。“你能让他停飞吗？”“我当然能。不过他得先请求我。这是军规的一部分。”“那他为什么不请求你？”“因为他疯了，” 达尼卡大夫说。“要在无数次死里逃生之后还坚持执行战斗飞行任务，他一定是疯了。当然，我能让奥尔停飞。不过他得先请求我。”“他要想停飞就只需做这些吗？”“就这些。让他请求我吧。”“那你就可以让他停飞了？”约萨里安问。“不。那我就不能让他停飞了。”“你是说有卡子？”“当然有卡子，”达尼卡大夫回答。“第二十二条军规。任何想要逃避作战任务的人都不是真疯。”只有一个卡子，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。如果去执行更多的飞行任务，奥尔就是疯了，如果不去他就不疯，但如果不疯，他就得去执行飞行任务。假如他去飞，他就是疯子，就无需飞；但假如他不想飞，他就是正常的，就不得不飞。约萨里安被这第二十二条军规的绝对简单深深地感动了，不由得充满敬意地吹了声口哨。“第二十二条军规，可真是个卡子，”他说。“它是所有军规中最好的一条，”达尼卡大夫表示同意。Active reading (2)安妮弗兰克日记的故事“1944 年6 月13 日。又一个生日过去了，我现在15 岁了。我收到了不少礼物：一本艺术史、一套内衣、两根腰带、一幅手帕、两罐酸奶、一罐果酱和两小块蜂蜜饼干彼得和我在配楼里待了两年了我们经常谈论将来、过去和现在，可是我想念外面真实的世界，而且我知道它存在。”安妮弗兰克在她现已出名的日记中写下了这些话，当时她和她的家人躲在“秘室”里，那是她父亲在荷兰阿姆斯特丹的办公室后面的几间屋子。弗兰克一家实际上是难民，是从德国移民到荷兰的犹太人，定居在阿姆斯特丹以逃避纳粹的迫害。但是在1940 年5 月，当德国军队入侵并占领了荷兰之后，对荷兰犹太人的迫害也很快就开始了。像所有的犹太人一样，安妮和姐姐玛戈被禁止去上学、骑自行车，甚至坐汽车。他们只被允许进某些店铺，任何时候都要在衣服上戴着一颗黄星以表明他们是犹太人。大卫王之星，一种重要的宗教象征，被纳粹变成了一种耻辱的标志。到了1941 年，纳粹开始大量逮捕犹太人，把他们送往劳改集中营，劳改集中营很快就变成了死亡集中营。安妮的父亲，奥托弗兰克，决定把他的家人和他的生意伙伴的家人藏起来。1942 年7 月6 日，就在安妮开始写日记数周后，弗兰克一家躲了起来；一周后，范佩尔一家人也加入进来。在其后的两年里，八个人就关在六个小房间里，绝不能外出。没有足够的吃的，两家人生活在贫困状态之中。在躲藏的日子里，安妮一直坚持写日记。她逐日叙述“秘室”里的日常活动，也记述自己的梦想和憧憬。她很难设想未来；她和别的人都清楚，犹太人被捉住会有什么下场。“我们的许多犹太人朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他们把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。如果说在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？我们猜想他们中的大多数正在被杀害。英国广播说他们正在被毒气熏死。”1942 年10 月9 日尽管在许多方面都是个普通的十几岁少女，好奇、自我批评而且喜怒无常，安妮还是个相当有天赋的诚实的作者，为生存的权利而斗争着。正是这一点赋予了她的日记如此强大的力量：“我没有放弃所有理想，这简直是奇迹；它们显得那么荒唐和不切实际。然而，我紧紧抓着它们，因为我仍然相信，不管怎么样，人们的内心都是真正善良的我必须坚持我的理想。也许在将来的某一天我的理想会实现。我完全不可能把我的生活建立在混乱、苦难和死亡的基础上。我眼看着这世界正慢慢地变成荒野；我耳听着那逼近的雷霆，终有一天也会把我们摧毁；我感受着数百万人的苦难。然而，仰望天空的时候，我不知为什么觉得一切都将变好，这残酷的现实也将结束，和平和安宁将再度回归我必须捍卫我的理想，因为也许我能够实现它们的时候就要到了。”1944 年7 月15 日安妮写这些话，并非在展示简单幼稚的乐观主义。那是她的信念和人类尊严权利的宣言。它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就