高中英语语法系列分词

高中英语语法系列分词分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，分为现在分词（ doing ）和过去分词（done）。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动或完成。分词（短语）主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语（1），表语（2），状语（3），或宾语补足语（4）( 1 ) He became a worker building roads .( 2 ) He is interested in studying English .( 3 ) He lay on the grass , talking with his teacher .( 4 ) We found the dog killed yesterday .分词的形式现在分词 过去分词主动 被动 done 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 功能 I .表语 分词作表语时，现在分词表主语的特征，过去分词表主语的状态： ( 5 ) We are _ at the news because its so _. ( excite ) ( 6 ) The film was _ . All the people were _ to tears . ( move ) ( 7 ) The door remained _ ( lock ) . ( 8 ) He is very _ , and we are _ in his lessons . ( interest ) 掌握下面动词的现在分词和过去分词作表语的不同含义： encourage , puzzle , move ,disappoint , excite , , frighten , surprise ,astonish , shock , amaze II . 定语 分词作定语时修饰名词或代词，一般说来，单个分词放在被修饰的前面，分词短语放在被修饰词的后面；现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动： ( 9 ) The _ ( suggest ) answer is supplied by our teacher . ( 10 ) Soon he became a _ ( lead ) person in the party . ( 11 ) All the _ ( work ) people in the world should unite together . ( 12 ) All the guests _ ( invite ) (to the party )are famous scientists . ( 13 ) The man _ ( talk ) happily came from the USA . ( 14 ) The person understood the language _ ( speak ) in this area . ( 15 ) There was a _ look on his face . He met a _ tiger . ( frighten ) ( 16 ) The first textbooks _ ( write ) dor teaching English in a foreign country came out in the 16th century . ( 17 ) Football , first _ ( play ) in the West , is very popular in the world now . 分词短语作定语时，可以换成定语从句： ( 18 ) Do you know the person giving us the talk ? Do you know the person who is giving. ( 19 ) China is a country belonging to the Third World ( = which belongs to ) . III . 宾语补足语 分词可以在 see , hear , notice , find , watch , keep , get , have , feel , leave 等动词后的宾语作宾补，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动： ( 20 ) Do you see a girl _ ( run ) towards us ? ( 21 ) Suddenly he heard someone _ ( knock ) gently on the window . ( 22 ) He had us _ ( laugh ) all the way . ( 23 ) I am sorry to have kept you _ ( wait ) so long . ( 24 ) She was glad to find his son well _ ( take ) care of in the school . ( 25 ) We found him _ ( lie ) under a big tree . ( 26 ) Dont leave the window _ ( shut ) all the time . ( 27 ) I will have my teeth _ ( examine ) in the hospital . ( 28 ) I can feel my heart _ ( beat ) fast . ( 29 ) I should like your homework _ ( hand ) in at once . ( 30 ) He once heard the song _ ( sing ) in German . ( 31 ) She cant make herself _ ( understand ) when she speaks English . 在see , hear , watch , notice , feel 等动词后也可以用动词不定式作宾补，同 现在分词的区分：现在分词表动作正在发生，不定式表动作已结束。 ( 32 ) He saw the girl come out and leave . ( 33 ) Do you hear him _ ( sing ) the song now ? “with / without + n + doing / done ”需掌握 ( 34 ) The killer was brought in , with his hands _ ( tie ) behind . ( 35 ) He died without anyone _ ( know ) where he buried his money . ( 36 ) He sat on the grass , with his eyes _ ( look ) at the sky and his arms _ ( cross ) . IV . 状语 分词（ 短语 ）作状语时修饰主句表伴随，原因，条件，结果等。分词作状 语时首先看句子主语，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 ( 37 ) The boys came out of the class , _ ( talk ) and _ ( laugh ) . ( 38 ) He tasted the mixture , _ ( look ) rather pleased . ( 39 ) _ ( be ) so poor , we couldnt send him to school . ( 40 ) Not _ ( know ) his address , we couldnt get in touch with him . ( 41 ) _ ( give ) more water , the flowers would have grown better . ( 42 ) _( see ) from the hill , the city looks very beautiful ( 43 ) _ ( see ) from the hill , I can find the city beautiful . ( 44 ) _ ( heat ) , the water will turn into vapor . 连词when , while , if , unless 后可带分词 ( 45 ) When _ ( cross ) the street , be careful . ( 46 ) I wont go to his party unless _ ( invite ) . 判断正误： ( 47 ) Walking in the forest , a stone hit him . ( 48 ) Arriving at home , the clock struck 12 . ( 49 ) Told many times , but he made the same mistake . ( 50 ) “ Cant you read by yourself ? ” he said and angrily pointing at me . 现在分词的完成式和被动形式现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中,表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生.( 51 ) _ ( be ) there many times , he offered to be our guide .( 52 ) _( work ) in the school many years , he knew the school very vell .( 53 ) _ ( find ) the cause , they were able to solve the problem .( 54 ) _ ( see ) these pictures , he couldnt help thinking of the past days .现在分词的一般被动式表该动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生:( 55 ) That building _ ( repair ) is our library .( 56 ) He asked me who was the man _ ( operate ) on .( 57 ) The bridge _ 100 years ago still looks nice . ( 58 ) The meeting _ ( hold ) tomorrow is about our school .( 59 ) You will find the topic being discussed everywhere .现在分词的完成被动式用作状语强调该动作在谓语动作之前完成,和过去分词作状语一般不同时出现.( 60 ) _ ( feed ) the chickens , he sang .( 61 ) _ ( feed ) the chickens , he went home .( 62 ) _ ( feed ) by him , the chickens like him .( 63 ) _ _ ( feed ) by him , the chickens went away . ( 64 ) _ ( flood ) many times , the city still stand there . 分词的否定式分词的否定式直接在分词前加not :( 65 ) Not knowing what to do , he looked puzzled .( 66 ) Not having done his homework , he was punished by his teacher .独立主格结构分词作状语时如果句子主语不能充当分词的逻辑主语时,可以在分词前加逻辑主语,这种结构叫独立结构:( 67 ) Being ill , he cant go to school .( 68 ) Mother being ill , I couldnt go to school .Mother was ill and I Because Mother was ill , I ( 69 ) Weather permitting , we will go camping .If weather permits , we will ( 70 ) There being no bus , we had to walk home .Because there was no bus , we ( 71 ) My homework done , I went home .After my homework had been done , I 分词练习1、The next morning she found the manin bed, dead.AlyingBlieClayDlaying2、Most of the peopleto the party were famous scientists.AinvitedBto inviteCbeing invitedDinviting3、The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind.Abeing tiedBhaving tiedCto be tiedDtied4、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.AboughtBbuyingCto buyDbuy5、The secretary(秘书) worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.Ato prepareBpreparingCpreparedDwas preparing6、 “Cant you read?” Mary saidto the notice.Aangrily pointingBand point angrilyCangrily pointedDand angrily pointing7、The first text booksfor teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.Ahaving writtenBto be writtenCbeing writtenDwritten8、The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.Afirst playingBto be first playedCfirst playedDto be first playing9、, ice will be changed into water.AHeatingBHeatedCIf heatingDTo be heated10、With the walls white, the room seems larger.ApaintingBpaintedCto be paintedDhas been painted11、Can I help you?Id like to have the shoes, for they are a bit smaller.AchangingBchangedCto be changingDbe changed12、With the boythe way, the soldiers got to the position in time.AledBleadingCbeing ledDwas leading13、Look at hislook. It seems as if he had met atiger.Afrightened, frighteningBfrightening, frightenedCfrightened, frightened Dfrightening, frightening14、He wont attend the meeting unlessto give a speech.AinvitedBinvitingCbeing invitedDhe will be invited15、He had usall through the party.AlaughingBto laughClaughDlaughed16、the train, they decided to wait for another.AMissedBMissingCHaving missedDBeing missed17、Thereno bus, I had to walk home.AisBwasCwereDbeing18、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town.AbuiltBto be builtCbeing builtDis being built19、With the boythe way, the soldiers got to the position in time.AledBleadingCbeing ledDwas leading20、Look at hislook. It seems as if he had met atiger.Afrightened, frighteningBfrightening, frightenedCfrightened, frightened Dfrightening, frightening21、, the players began the game.AHaving taken our seatsBTaking our seatsCAfter we took our seatsDBeing taken the seats22、him before, she didnt know he was her uncl