人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点.doc

人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点（复习课用）一 词汇1.housework-合成词，不可数名词，homework,farmwork; do the housework;help mother do/with the housework2.hardly adv 几乎不，否定词，不与其它否定词连用，带有hardly句子，叫否定句Eg, Garry can hardly speak Chinese,_can he_?Eg, He _ rides a bike to school.He likes walking.A.often B.always C.usually D.hardly# 副词不能修饰名词，不能直接放在名词前。Hardly +a/an+名词单数；hardly +any +名词复数/不可数名词Eg,I can hardly see_ sheep on the hill.A. Some B.any C.an D.much# hardly ever=seldom 频度副词“几乎不”三词be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，一词（实意动词）之前It hardly ever rains in the north of China in winter.He is hardly ever ill.3.ever 副词，“曾经”-反义词never;Ever 常用于疑问句中，Have you ever been to China?4.次数表示法1），一次once,两次twice -不规则2），三次 three times ,四次four times -三次以上：基数词+times -twenty timesI have been to Hefei three times.# 对次数提问how many times # 次数+时间段 表示频度 once a week;twice a month;three times a year.-提问how often5.Internet 首字母大写，前加the,在互联网上on the Internet.类似：on the radio/on TV,on the computer/on the phone6.full 1) adj 忙碌的-free-busy # 主语为时间Tomorrow is full for me.I will be busy tomorrow.2) adj 满的-empty “空的”# be full of 里充满了The room is full of smoke.# fill vt ,填满，装满# be filled with里装满了3)adj “饱的”-hungry “饥饿的”Are you full?7.maybe 与may be 区别Maybe 副词“也许”，放在句首Maybe he is a teacher.May be 情态动词+be 动词原形“也许是，可能是”作谓语，放在主语之后，He may be a teacher.8.least -little-less对比 much-more-mostEg, Can we do the _work with the _ money?A.less,more B.least ,most C.more,less D.most,leastAt least 至少+数字-at most 最多，至多Less than 不到，少于；more than 超过，多于=over9.junk food 不可数10.coffee,juice,milk,orange,water,teaA cup of coffee11.health n,健康-healthy adj 健康的名词作主语宾语（主语放句首，宾语放动词或介词之后）形容词-名前系后形容词；名词前作定语，系动词后作表语；Eg, You should eat _ food .Its good for your _.Fruit and vegetables are very _.12.as a result 结果As a result, he was late for school.Here is the result.13.10%-ten percent-基数词+percent ,没有复数。# 百分数做主语，谓语看百分数代替的名词。Eg,50% of the students in our class _ from the countryside. A. is B.are C.comes14.shopping online;go online15. although 连词“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句，不与but 连用。Eg, _ he is very tired,_ he still works in the field.A.Although,/ B.Although,but C./,but # =though,可以互换。# 让步状语从句“主将从现”-主句将来时，从句一般现在时。Eg，We will go on working although it is rainy tomorrow.16.through-though对比Through 介词“通过，穿过”从物体内部穿过，Across “通过，穿过”从表面经过,还含有从一边到另一边。Eg, Go _ the street and you can get to the post office.The light got into the room _ the window.The boys swim across the river.17.mind 1)n,头脑，大脑，思维，思想Change ones mind 改变主意2） 动词“介意”Mind doing sth 介意做某事Do you mind opening the door?18. such 与so 区别都含有“如此的，这样的”Such adj ,修饰名词。-such a/an adj + 名词单数Such + adj +名词复数/不可数名词Eg , I didnt see such a clever boy before.# so adv 修饰形容词副词。So + adj/advEg, The flowers are _ beautiful.These are _ beautiful flowers.# 例外：当形容词表示数量many/much/few/little 前面必用so.There are so many people in the supermarket.19.play together/lets go together20.die vi不及物动词“死亡”The old man died yesterday.# die of/from 死于# die 现在分词dying,过去式died名词death 形容词dead “死的”dying “快要死的”The old mans _ made his children very sad.He has been _ for two days.He found a _ dog on the road last Sunday.21. write-writer;teach-teacher;dancer;worker;singerCleaner;22.dentist-doctor-nurse-hospital23.however 与but 区别都表示转折“但是，然而”however 语气弱。However 副词，单独使用，句首，句末，句中，加逗号隔开。She lives far from the school.However, she is never late for school.But 连词，连接并列句，放在句首，后不加逗号。She lives far from the school，but she is never late for school.24.than 与thenThan 连词“比”比较级的标志词He is taller than me.Then 副词“那时，然后，接着” He got up at six,and then he washed his face.25.almost 副词“几乎，差不多”=nearlyAlmost 可以修饰所有否定词no,not,nothing,no one;放在否定词前。Nearly 一般不修饰否定词，但可以修饰not 但要放在not 后。26.none 三三两两不定代词“一个都没有，没有一个”# 后加of +名词复数/人称代词宾格-三者以上都没有；None of the students in our class is from Japan.# none 一般不单用，但有上文，可指代上文的人或事物，可单用。可指三者以上的人或事物，也可指不可数名词。Is there any milk in the fridge?-No,_.A.nothing B.no one C.none D.neitherNone 强调数量，用How many 提问。- How many students are there in the classroom?-_A.No one B.None C. Nothing D.Nobody# no one /nobody 用who 提问。表示两者中没有一个-neither27. point n. “点，得分，分数”1.1-one point onehave a point 有道理，give ones point 说出某人观点vi “指（点）”point to /at 指向二课文1.how often/ how long/how far /how soon/how many times1).how often “多久一次”问频度-频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever,never;every day/week/year/month/hour/minute;次数+时段once a week;2).how long “多久，多长时间，多长”-时间长度，物体长度How long is the ruler?How long will you stay here?-For two days. how long 表示动作，状态持续了多长时间。-for+时段/since+从句/时间点。3).how far “多远”提问路程-A.基数词+距离单位（kilometer,meter,mile）;B.时间段+交通方式（a.时间段s+walk/ride/drive/flight;b.时间段+介词方式on foot/by bus /by train/by bike ）4).how soon “还要多久”从现在起还要多久才开始做某事-in + 时间段-一般将来时标志。-How soon will Mr Smith come back?-In two days.5).how many times “多少次”提问次数Eg，-_ does your father exercise?-Every morning.-_ does he exercise?- Five times.-_ does he exercise?-For about half an hour.2.频度副词1）.alwaysusuallyOftensometimeshardly evernever2).位置： 三词之后，一词之前3）.一般现在时标志。Eg, He usually _ up at six.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting4) 提问用how often3.help sb with sth/help sb to do sth/help sb do sthEg, Jim often helps his mother _ the housework.A.does B do C.doing D.with do4.on weekends/on the weekend/at weekends/at the weekend5.go to movies/go to a movie/go to the movies/go to the movie/go to the cinema/see a film6.go shopping-go swimming/camping/boating/fishing/climbing/biking/hiking/dancing/skating7.watch TV 8.favorite 形容词“特别喜爱的，最喜爱的”前面必有形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格。My favorite subject is English.9.next week/year/month/Sunday/October/winter-将来时标志词-last week/year/month-过去时10.How come? 怎么会这样？11.have/take piano lessons/classes12.what kind of哪种.A kind of一种.Two kinds ofAll kinds of各种各样的Many different kinds of许多不同种类的13.在星期几on on Monday/Tuesday具体某一天用on ;具体某一天某段时间on ;on Sunday morningAt 表示时刻 at 5:0014.have to 必须，不得不，加动