unit18实用大学英语初级教程--二级教材模版2--高等教育出版社.doc

UNIT EIGHTEEN Social Life Focal Points Sentence StructuresThere comes the bus.He does like English, so do I.Only here did he find his English book.It is I who am rightLanguage FocusInversion, Emphasized Sentence Part Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. 1.A. MollyB. HenryC. Kate D. Helen2. A.$1,100B. $950C. $850D. $2503 A. Teacher-student B. Doctor-patient C. Librarian-readerD. Assistant-customer4. A. A doctor B. A nurse C. A secretary D. A receptionist 5. A. The book wasnt new B. She didnt know the man C. He could have the book later D. The book was new 6. A. She got up later than usual B. She forgot her class C. The bus was late D. Her clock was wrong 7. A. She is too weak to say muchB. She is not familiar with the area C. She is very afraid D. She has never taken the bus before 8. A. She hasnt taken her watchB. Her watch doesnt work C. She often keeps her watch in her roomD. Her watch was lost9. A. He should take the test again B. He should call to check his score C. He should get it from the computer D. He should wait for some time 10.A. They have missed the deadline B. She doesnt know either C. They still have time to do that D. She doesnt like the mans questionSection B Directions: In this section, you will hear a long conversation. You will hear two questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken twice. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Questions 11 and 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A. To go traveling within the country. B. To listen to the weather forecast on the radio C. To watch the weather forecast on the radio D. To fly to Wales or London 12. A. Yes, because it will be a fine day tomorrow . B. Yes, because it wont be foggy there tomorrow C. No, because it will be foggy there tomorrow D. No, because there will be a storm there tomorrowSection C Spot DictationPeople often greet each other with “Hello” or “Hi”. Other 13_ of greeting are “Good morning”, “Good afternoon”, or “Good evening” according to different times of the day. When meeting foreign friends for the first time, we do not ask them questions about their 14_ life. So we may talk about the 15_, sports or show our 16_ about their children.In 17_, we usually introduce a man to a woman, and the young to the old. The title of Miss, Mrs. ,Mr., Professor, or Doctor, etc, can be used with the surname. Newly introduced people will 18 _ and greet each other with “ How do you do ?” or “ I am glad to meet you.”Words and Expressions New Wordsassignment / saimnt / n. 任务；职责 cousin / kzin / n. 堂（表）兄弟姐妹 cough / kf / v. 咳嗽 due /dju:/ a. 到期 forecast /f : ka:st/ n. 预告，预报U18L private /praivit / a. 私人的，隐私的 sore throat /s : rut/ n. 喉咙疼 score /sk: / n. 分数 suppose /s puz / v. 认定；假设 Scotland /sktlnd / n. 苏格兰 surname /s:neim / n.姓氏 temperature /temprt/ n. 温度，体温 technology /teknld3 / n. 技术 Wales /weilz / n.威尔士 used ju:zd adj. 习惯的；二手的，使用过的 cost kst vt. 花费；使付出；使花许多钱 n. 费用，代价，成本；损失relationship rileinip n. 关联；关系manage mnid3 vt. 管理；经营；设法；控制vi. 处理；应付过去oversleep ,uvsli:p vt. 使睡过头 vi. 睡过头stranger streid3 n. 陌生人;外地人；weather we n. 天气；气象；northern n:n a. 北部的；北方的foggyfi a. 有雾的；模糊的 windy windi a. 多风的，有风的imply /implai / v. 暗示，暗指 Useful Expressionsin a hurry 急忙地 be supposed to 应该做某事according to 根据，依据Part Vocabulary and StructureText A System InnovationThirty years, twenty years, ten years ago, my focus was totally on how the magic of software could change the world. I believed that breakthroughs in technology could solve the key problems. And they do only where there is economic demand. If we are going to have a chance to change their lives, we need another level of innovation(创新.). Not just technology innovation, we need system innovation. In many areas, the world is getting better. But it is not getting better fast enough, and its not getting better for everyone. The great advances in the world have often worsened the inequities(不公平). in the world. Actually the least needy enjoy the most improvement and the most needy get the least- in particular the billion people who live on less than a dollar a day. Diseases like Malaria that kill over a million people a year get very little attention.Why do people benefit not in proportion to their need? Well, market incentives (刺激.) make that happen. In a system of capitalism, as peoples wealth rises, the financial incentive to serve them rises, as their wealth falls, the financial incentive to serve them falls, until it becomes zero. We have to find a way to make capitalism system that serves wealthier people serve poorer people as well.Words and Expressions New Wordsbreakthrough / breikru / n. 突破，创新 capitalism / kpitlizm / 资本主义 focus /fuks / n. 关注，焦点 magic/md3ik/ n. 魔力，魔法 malaria /m lri / n. 痢疾 proportion /prpr: n / 比例 prefer /prif / v. 更喜欢，偏好 software /s :ftw / n. 软件 technology /teknld3 / n. 技术 innovation /innuvein / n. 革新 inequities /inekwti / n. 不公正，不公平incentives /insentiv / n. 刺激，奖励 solve slv, vt. 解决；解答；溶解 vi. 作解答economic ,i:knmik adj. 经济的，经济上的；经济学的demand dimnd n. 需要；要求；需求worsen wsn vt. 使恶化；使变得更坏improvement impru:vmnt n. 改进；改善disease dizi:z n. 病，疾病；弊病financial fainnl adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的system sistm n. 系统；制度，体制；advance dvns n. 前进；发展；增长adj.可完成的；可有成就的；做得成的perfectible, accomplishableUseful Expressionslive on 以为生in proportion 按比例Notes to Text A1. Thirty years, twenty years, ten years ago, my focus was totally on how the magic of software could change the world. my focus was totally on 是句子主语和谓语，可意为我所关注的；how the magic of software could change the world.是句子宾语。2. And they do only where there is economic demand. they 指代前句的breakthroughs, where 引导一条件状语从句。3 Actually the least needy enjoy the most improvement and the most needy get the least the least needy 是指代一群人，泛指寻求最少的人；the most needy指代最有需求的人。4. Why do people benefit not in proportion to their need? in proportion to their need 可意为按人们的需求比例。5. We have to find a way to make capitalism system that serves wealthier people serve poorer people as well. that 引导定语从句。 Task 1. Reading comprehensionDirections: In this part, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best answer. 1.As time passes, the writers focus of concern in this passage seems to _ . A. have disappeared B. remain unchanged C. have changed greatly D.get totally lost2.What is the bad effect of the great advances in the world according to the third paragraph? A. The most improvement serves the most needy. B. The inequities have been worsened. C. The rich enjoy the least. D. Diseases like Malaria get very little attention.3.The billion people who live on less than a dollar a day belong to_. A. the most needy B. the poorer C. the wealthier D. the least needy 4.The purpose of the system innovation most probably aims _. A. to help the wealthier peoples wealth steady B. to make the capitalist system also serve poorer people C. to make the capitalist system serve wealthier people D. to help the poorer peoples wealth steady5.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The magic of software changed the world and the social system. B. Technology innovation will only help people where there is economic need. C. The system innovation will only help people who can afford the breakthroughs. D. We also need system innovation to change the present situation.Task 2. Emphasis on wordsDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with the best choice.1.In their spare time, they may also _ themselves in the Workers Palace of Culture. A. arise B. apply C. amaze D .amuse2.It is very important to_ an agreement with this big company . A. come B. arrive C. reach D. go3.It suddenly _ to Mary that her son was afraid of being alone. A. worried B. thought C. occurred D. happened4.It was _ impossible to start in such bad weather. A. clearly B. correctly C. closely D. curiously5.John has a(n. _ habit of tapping his fingers on the desk. A. conscious B. unconscious C. incurious D. various6.Last year, a lucky _ in oil stock made his fortune. A. furniture B. culture C. picture D. venture7.Mr. Smith is very _ and never goes out without combing his hair. A. tidy B. clean C. tight D. dirty8.Mr. White was at last able to learn the _ of Mr. Browns death. A. behaviors B. particulars C. murders D. characters9.My grandfather always _ for the politician who wears the nicest suit. A. prefer B. votes C. choose D. select10.Well have a whole holiday in _ of our boss birthday. A. glory B. dishonor C. greeting D. honorText B Michelle ObamaIt seems that almost overnight, Michelle Obama has become a world fashion icon (偶像.)It turns out that her bright yellow outfit (套装)for her husbands inaugural(就职的) ceremony was just the latest of a long line of well-chosen designs. What the ceremony did prove is that Michelle Obama is clearly going to be one of Americas most influential First Ladies. Michelles look is young and achievable. She favors bright colors, bold designs by new designers. Though she often wears trousers, she prefers skirts and dresses. But most exciting of all she happily mixes high street clothes with designer wear. Her fondness for J Crew clothes has already helped J Crew, a relatively inexpensive American clothes store become famous around the world. There is a powerful political message behind Michelles down-to-earth style. Her style reflects her husbands politics and life story. Every time she wears something from J Crew she is saying to the American public, “Im normal, Im one of you.” It is this sparkling ordinariness that Americans, particularly young Americans find closely related to. To them Michelles style symbolizes youth and change. Her interest in young designers reflects her and her husbands promise to bring fresh ideas and enthusiasm to the White House. What she wears can be understood as a sign of her husbands political direction and health. The day she stops wearing colorful, bold designs will be the day Americans start worrying that the president has lost his magic. Words and Expressions New Wordsbold / buld / a自信的，勇敢的 ceremony / serimni / n. 仪式 enthusiasm /in ju:zizm/ n. 热爱；热情overnight /uvnait / adv. 一夜之间 reflect /riflekt / v. 反映 symbolize /simblaiz/ v. 象征 icon / aikn/ n. 偶像 fashion fn n. 样式；时尚；时装；时髦人物inaugural in:jurl adj. 开始的；开幕的；就任的，就职的achievable ti:vbl adj. 可完成的；可有成就的；做得成的adj.可完成的；可有成就的；做得成的perfectible, accomplishableUseful Expressionsturns out 变成，成为 First Ladies 第一夫人 down-to-earth 脚踏实地的，实际的 related to 有联系，相关 high street大街；主要街道Notes to Text B1. It turns out that her bright yellow outfit (套装).for her husbands inaugural(就职的) ceremony was just the latest of a long line of well-chosen designs. latest意为最新的，（时间上）最近的；well-chosen 是合成形容词可意为精挑细选的。 2. What the ceremony did prove is that Michelle Obama is clearly going to be one of Americas most influential First Ladies. prove可意为向世人表明；one of Americas most influential First Ladies可意为美国历史上最有影响力的第一夫人之一。3 There is a powerful political message behind Michelles down-to-earth style. down-to-earth style可意为平易近人的风格。4. It is this sparkling ordinariness that Americans, particularly young Americans find closely related to.本句是一句强调句，this sparkling ordinariness是被强调部分。5. The day she stops wearing colorful, bold designs will be the day Americans start worrying that the president has lost his magic. 本句是一个包含多个从句的复合句，The day will be the day 是主句，she stops wearing colorful, bold designs 是定语从句，Americans start worrying that the president has lost his magic又是一定语从句，其中又包含that 引导的一个宾语从句。Task 1. Reading comprehensionDirections: In this part, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best answer. 1.At Obamas inaugural ceremony, his wife Michelle Obama was wearing _ A. a very influential womens dress B. a long skirt of well-chosen design C. a world fashion designers dress D. a yellow outfit of well-chosen design2.Which of the following is true about Michelles preference in choosing her clothes? A. She prefers trousers and bold designs. B. She prefers high street clothes only. C. She prefers skirts and dresses. D. She prefers dull colors with designer wear.3.J Crew clothes store used to _. A. be inexpensive and not well-known in the world. B. sell First Ladies fashion C .sell mixed clothes from high street to designers wear D. be Michelles favorite4.What message is behind Michelles style of dressing? A. Her style reflects her fondness for J Crew clothes. B. Her style demonstrates sparkling ordinariness to young Americans. C. Her style reflects her interest in the youth. D. Her style reflects President Obamas politics and life story.5.When Michelle stops wearing colorful and bold designs_. A. people will fear that the president would not keep his promise B. people will fear the presidents might lose his charm and power C. people will not believe in the presidents fresh ideas and enthusiasm D. people will not be sure about their political directionTask 2. Emphasis on wordsDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with the best choice.1.One _ about the moon is that it is a piece broken off from the earth. A. project B. theory C. feeling D. outline2.One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon _ other children. A. injured B. effect C. polluted D .infected3.One who has a _ to beat his dog will easily find his stick. A. brain B. head C. heart D. mind4.Our Chinese teacher has already been _ to headmaster. A. promoted B. improved C. increased D. progressed5.People there warmly_ him on the discovery of oil. A. bargained B. believed C. congratulated D. considered6.Please tell him to _ these sheets of paper together. A. retreat B. paste C .reply D. pace 7.She gave me all kinds of _ on how to do this and that. A. conclusion B. instruction C. production D. exhibition8.She is _ her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short. A. different B. uneven C. unlike D. unequal 9.She often says one thing but means the _ . A. same B. another C. difference D. opposite10.Sometimes I cant help feeling that Im in her _. A. shadow B. image C. picture D. portraitPart Language FocusInversion : Complete Inversion Partial Inversion 倒装：完全倒装，部分倒装（一） 概述通常情况下，一个句子的主语在前谓语动词在后，如果主语和谓语动词的顺序调换，这就叫倒装句。倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。1. 部分倒装：如果主语和谓语的位置不变，只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。(1.) 以so, such开始的句子要用部分倒装。 如：So good does he feel today that he goes out for a walk. Such does she be a good girl that she always helps us. (2.) 以so, neither, nor 开头引导的句子中，表示“另一类人或物也这样”的结构里，要用部分倒装。如：He does like English, so do I.He doesnt know how to do it, nor do I. (3.) 以否定意义的词语开头的句子要用部分倒装，这些词有：hardly, no, scarcely, rarely, little, no more than, no sooner than, not onlybut also, seldom, by no means, never 等等。 如：Never did I know how to drive a car. Hardly did he go back when it began to rain. Seldom had I seen such a charming girl. (4.) 以 only 开头的句子要部分倒装。 如：Only here did he find his English book. Only on Monday did he meet his old classmate. (5.) 以here, there 等副词引导的句子里，当主语是人称代词时，句子用部分倒装。 如：Here we go from chapter five. Here we are at the school gate.2. 全部倒装：如果谓语动词和主语完全调换就叫完全倒装。（1） 以here, there等副词引导的句子里，当主语是实义名词时，句子用全部倒装。如: There comes the bus. (2.) 直接宾语如果是直接引语，直接引语的全部或者部分放在句首，则主语和谓语动词应用全部倒装。 如： “Today we are going to learn how to take notes,” said the teacher. “John,” asked Catherine, “do we have class tomorrow?” (3.) 有时句子的主语太长，或者为了强调，常常把表语或状语放在句首，同时调换主语和谓语动词的位置。 如：In the front sat the monitor. Hand by hand went away the two students. Emphasized Sentence 强调句一、强调句型的用法在英语中，我们常用It iswas who/that结构来突出强调句子的某一成分(一般是句子中主语，宾语或状语.。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that