人教版高中英语选修8Unit5《Meetingyourancestors》word教案.doc

Unit 5Meeting your ancestors【美文阅读】北京猿人复原头盖骨(1960年发现的)北京猿人塑像Peking Man was discovered in Zhoukoudian village，on the Longgu Mountain，Fangshan district，Beijing，which was listed as a world cultural heritage site in 1987.In the 1920s archaeologists discovered a complete skull of an apeman dating back 600,000 years which was later named as Peking Man.Stone tools and evidence of Peking Mans use of fire were later found on the mountain.Studies have shown that Peking Man walked on his feet and lived 690,000 years ago.His society lived in groups in caves and survived by hunting.The group could make use of rough stone tools and knew how to use fire for heating and cooking.The discovery included six complete skulls of Peking Man,12 skull fragments,15 mandibles(下颌骨)，157 teeth and some sections of broken femurs(大腿骨)，shinbones(胫骨)，and upper arm bones belonging to more than 40 individuals of different ages and sexes.In addition 100,000 fragments of stone tools were found together with sites used for fire and burnt bones and stones.Peking Man created a unique Old Stone Culture which had much influence to the Old Stone Culture of North China.Stone tools are the principal relics of this remote culture.Also discovered in Zhoukoudian are stone points，a new production tool then，and bone articles made and used by Peking Man.Found in the caves were such tools as the larger end of an antler(鹿角，茸角) that had been used as a hammer and the sharp end of an antler used as a digging tool.The use of fire was a milestone of the development of civilization and the discovery of Peking Man has pushed back the time that man first used it by tens of thousands of years.The largest ash pile discovered in the caves is six metres thick.Fire allowed people to eat cooked food instead of raw food and promoted the development of the brain and improved health.With his rough tools and simple living conditions，Peking Man created a unique and very ancient culture.【诱思导学】1When was Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian listed as a world cultural heritage?_2According to the studies，when did Peking Man live?_3What kind of tools did Peking Man use?_【答案】1.In 1987.2.About 690,000 years ago.3Stone tools.Period Previewing(教师用书独具)教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。教学地位本单元的主题是考古学，涉及到历史和人类学，语言知识和语言技能都是围绕这一主题设计的。具体涉及“周口店遗址的北京猿人”、“早期人类生活方式”、“如何判断遗址年份”、“秦始皇兵马俑”和“埃及金字塔”等，帮助学生增长考古学知识，更好地了解早期人类的生活方式和人类文明的发展进程。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议根据教材P37“读前”(prereading)呈现的北京猿人的头盖骨图片，让学生通过谈论我们今天使用的生活用品及生活方式猜测几十万年前北京猿人可能使用的生活用品和生活方式，将学生的思维引入“史前人类生活”，为下文阅读做好铺垫。教学流程设计导入新课。学生阅读“话题美文导读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第74页)。学生就“话题美文导读”进行讨论，统一答案。学生再次阅读课文(课本第3839页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第75页)。师生共同讨论并统一答案。让学生快速阅读课文(课本第3839页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第75页)。学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第3839页)，进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第76页)。老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第77页)。学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第76页)。老师布置作业，让学生看课本第3839页并完成课本第39页1、2、3 题，预习学案Period (见学案第77页)，写一篇描述考古发现的短文。.篇章结构阅读P3839Reading部分，然后完成下列表格Some of the earliest people lived in 1. _EvidenceConclusionHow could they live there？Human and animal bonesTools and2. _They lived in caves. How did they keep warm？Fireplaces in the center of the cavesThey used fire to 3. _，cook the food and scare wild animals away.4._They kept the fire burning all winter.No doorsThey hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.What 5._ were there? Bones of tigers and bearsTigers and bears were their most dangerous enemies.How did they make clothes？6._ made of animal bonesThey used 7._ stone tools to cup up animals and remove their skin.They used 8._ to remove the fat and meat from the skin.They rubbed an ample amount of salt onto the skin to 9._.What did they use to make ornaments？Animal bones and 10._Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside. 【答案】1.the Zhoukoudian caves2.other objects3keep warm4.Layers of ash5.wild animals6.Needles7.sharpened8.smaller scrapers9.made it soft10.seashells.语篇理解阅读P3839Reading部分，选择最佳答案1The main idea of the text is about the _ of the earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves.Alife and habitsBfood and clothingChomes and fishing2The primitive necklace found in the cave shows that _.Aour ancestors made ornaments and sold them for moneyBour ancestors valued necklaces more than other ornamentsCthe earliest people had already cared about their appearance3We can infer from the passage that people living in the Zhoukoudian caves _.Adidnt live mainly on cropsBdidnt know how to trade with othersCburnt what they could find outside the caves4From “but others are made of shells”，we can infer that_.Athe sea was not far away at that timeBthe shells could be sold and boughtCthey could make necklaces by machines5Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes?aclean the fat and meat from the skinbcut up the animalscrub salt inside the skindremove the skinesew the pieces togetherAb，d，c，a，eBb，d，a，c，eCb，a，d，c，e【答案】15A C A B B.课文缩写A group of students from England，who are interested in 1._，have come to Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archeologist gives them a brief introduction to the life and habits of the earliest people in Zhoukoudian：Early people lived in caves and they made 2._ in the centre of caves to keep them 3._，cook the food and 4._ their enemies away，such as tigers and bears.Early people made their own clothes from animal 5._.They used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skins.Smaller scrapers were used to 6._ the fat and meat from the skin.Finally they would use needles made of animal bones to 7._ the pieces together.Early people also paid attention to their 8._ and wore necklaces.Some of the necklace beads were made of animal bones but some were made of shells，which told us that all the fields around Zhoukoudian caves used to be part of a large 9._ lake.Early people didnt grow their own crops，but picked fruit when it was 10._ and hunted animals for food.【答案】1.archeology2.fires3.warm4.scare5skins6.remove7.sew8.appearance9.shallow10.ripe.词义搭配1alternativeAsomething you can choose to do or use instead of something else2tentative Bbelonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past without modern industries and machines3assume Cto make something have a sharper edge or point4ample Dthe detailed study or examination of sth.，in order to understand it.5sharpen Enot definite or certain，and may be changed later6primitive Fmore than enough7analysis Gto think that something is true，although you do not have definite proof【答案】1.A2.E3.G4.F5.C6.B7.D.短语填空show around；be aware of；regardless of；at most；compare.with.；cut up；keep out；come to a conclusion；differ from1. To save the drowning child，the boy plunged into the icy water without hesitation，_ his own safety.2. It will take two hours _ to get there，so you neednt be too worried. 3. Though most smokers _ the dangers of smoking，they wont give up.4. _ the meat before you put them into the pot. 5One of your classmates will _ you _ the campus this afternoon.【答案】1.regardless of2.at most3.are aware of4Cut up5.show；around.句型背诵1. It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的且对考古学感兴趣的学生。2Weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.我们发现在洞穴的中央有生火用的火炉。3.as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used_to be part of a large shallow lake.正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。4Thats_why they are called hunters and gatherers.这就是他们被称之为是猎人和采摘者的缘故。5They couldnt have mats，blankets or quilts like we do.It must_have_been very uncomfortable.他们不可能像我们一样有席子、毛毯或棉被。那肯定很不舒服。Period Warming Up & Reading(教师用书独具)教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写一些关于描述考古发现或某个遗迹的短文，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写作的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。教学地位单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起着至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。 (教师用书独具)新课导入建议We all know that China is a country with a lot of ancient cultural relics. We can learn our ancestors life and living conditions through these relics. Now I want to ask xxx to say something about a relic he/she is familiar with. (老师让xxx同学谈谈他/她所熟悉的某个遗址。)教学流程设计老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。导入新课。让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第77页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。让学生再次阅读课文(课本第3839页)，以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第81页)。布置作业。让学生完成课本第39页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”和预习Period (见学案第82页)。1. alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的，其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(教材P37)你能想出今天我们使用的替代品吗？I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.我提议这次要么到山区要么到海边度假。have the alternative of doing sth.有做的选择；可以做have no alternative/choice but to do sth.别无选择只好做If you dont like the school lunch，you have the alternative of bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。I had no alternative but to accept the offer.我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。alternative/choice/selectionalternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择。selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选择的意思。The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。用alternative，choice或selection填空You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly and those are the two _.The shop has a wide _ of hats.The final team _ will be made tomorrow.【答案】alternativeschoiceselection单项填空(2013天水高二质检)In this school，the students have three _ courses and seven _ courses.Arequired；alternativeBrequiring；alternativeCrequire；alternateDrequire；alternative【解析】句意：在这所学校里，学生有三门必修课，七门选修课。空处分别为过去分词和形容词作宾语修饰courses。【答案】A2starvation n挨饿；饿死Did they suffer from cold，starvation or disease？(教材P37)他们遭受寒冷，饥饿或疾病吗？There are many people suffering from starvation in the world at present.现在，世界上仍然有许多人在挨饿。starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；渴望starve.to death 使饿死starve to death 饿死starve for sth.渴求/需要什么starve to do sth.想要干某事starve o sth./into doing sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事The explorers starved to death in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。They starved their enemies into giving in.他们断绝敌人的食物来源迫使他们屈服。完成句子Shes_(挨饿)herself to lose weight.At present no one suffers from_(挨饿)【答案】starvingstarvation3. It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.(教材P38)很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的且对考古学感兴趣的学生。这是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students；主句部分It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，是一个以it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是to meet you students from England。It is very important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语非常重要。it作形式主语的句型有：Itben./adj.v.ing结构Itben./adj.(for sb.)to do sth.Itben./adj.of sb.to do sth.Itben./adj.that.It is no use crying.哭是没有用处的。It is not easy for a person to do good things all his/her life.一个人一辈子做好事是不容易的。It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.她真蠢，把钱花在买这些衣服上。【提示】在此句型中表示赞扬或批评的形容词是wise，clever，stupid，foolish，kind，nice，good，rude，cruel等时，介词of不能换成for。此句型也可以转换成sb.beadj.to do sth.。She was foolish to waste money on such clothes.她很愚蠢花钱买这种衣服。It is foolish_them to make such mistakes.AforBonCatDof【解析】在it作形式主语的句型中，若形容词是表示赞扬或批评(人)的，要用介词of。【答案】D4interrupt v打断；中断；插嘴Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(教材P38)对不起，打断了你(的讲话)，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？Dont interrupt the speaker；ask questions afterwards.不要打断演说者，等他讲完后再问问题。interruption n中断；阻断物without interruption 不间断地interruptive adj.阻碍的；打扰的The birth of her son was a minor interruption to her career.她儿子的出生对她的事业造成一个小小的中断。I managed to work for two hours without interruption.我总算连续工作了两个小时。interrupt/disturbinterrupt突然中断、打断他人言语或行为，使其不能继续。disturb较正式用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序。Youd better not interrupt him.He is sleeping.你最好别打扰他。他在睡觉。The noise of the machine disturbed my sleep last night.昨晚，机器的噪声使得我没睡好觉。完成句子他们的谈话被敲门声打断了。Their talk _ by a knock at the door.她连续讲了50分钟。She spoke for 50 minutes _.【答案】was interruptedwithout interruption单项填空If you keep _ with silly questions，I shall go out of my senses.AinterruptBinterruptingCinterrupted Dto interrupt【解析】keep doing意为“总是做”；go/be out of senses意为“发疯；失去理智”。【答案】B5So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless_of the cold.(教材P38)因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)assume v假定；假想；以为；假装；装作；担任；承担I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以为他是比利时人。Dont always assume the worst.别总往最坏处想。assume sb./sth.to be.假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that.被认为assumption n假定；设想make an assumption认为，假定on the assumption that.假定assuming that假设/假定It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。assume/guess/imagineassume假设；设想；认为。指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。guess猜测；猜想。最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。imagine想象。指毫无根据随意想象，可在脑海中构成明确的、清晰的图像。Im sorry I couldnt guess who you were on the telephone.对不起，我在电话里听不出你是谁。用assume/guess/imagine的适当形式填空假如明天下雨，我们该怎么办？_it rains tomorrow，what shall we do?我们难以想象没有电的生活情形。We can hardly _life without electricity.我猜不到你的心思。I cant _your thoughts.【答案】Assumingimagineguess(2)regardless of不管；不顾They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.他们不惜成本重建了那所房子。He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.他把个人安危置之度外去救一个溺水儿童。regardless of/despite/in spite of这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。regardless of不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。despite虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。in spite of虽然，尽管；不顾。多用于书面语，语气较重。Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest，Jack went to Spain.尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。In spite of all his efforts，he failed in his English exam.尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。【提示】regardless，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that.。用in spite of或regardless of填空_ the weather，the sports meeting will be held on time._ all the danger signs，they went swimming.I went out _ heavy rain.【答案】Regardless ofIn spite ofregardless of/in spite of6Weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.(教材P38)我们发现在洞穴的中央有生火用的火炉。(1)这是一个复合句。weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves是主句部分，where引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the caves，并在定语从句中作状语。(2)where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般是表示地点的名词，相当于介词which。Is there a shop around where(in which) we can get fruit？附近有我们能买到水果的商店吗？【提示】where在从句中只能充当状语，如果不是作状语，就要换用that或which。This is the factory where his father worked last year.这是去年他父亲工作的那家工厂。This is the factory (which/that) we visited yesterday.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。【对接高考】(2013北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.AwhenBwhichCwhoseDwhere【解析】题干的意思是：眼下，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。【答案】D用适当的关系代词或副词填空This is a house _ Lu Xun once lived.This is the pen _ Im looking for.They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.【答案】in which/wherethat/whichwhere7It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut_up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。(1)sharpen vi.& vt.使尖锐；使急剧；变尖锐，变急剧The walk has sharpened my appetite.散步增加了我的食欲。sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；敏锐的；尖刻的sharpener n磨具；削具sharpen sth. up使达到标准；使符合质量要求Be careful with that knifeits very sharp.当心那把刀子它很锋利。He decided to come here at two oclock sharp.他决定两点整来这儿。【教师备课资源】en是后缀，en是前缀。有些名词、形容词前或后加上该词辍后可构成动词，表示“变为”、“使有”、“变得”、“变得有”，如：hearten，strengthen，darken，harden，weaken，ripen，soften，enrich，enlarge等。一些物质名词之后加上该词缀后可构成形容词，表示“由制作的”，如：wooden，woolen，golden。用所给单词的正确形式填空The sky began to _(dark) as the storm approached.The governments power needs to be _(strong) not _(weak)The _(gold) age only comes to men when they have forgotten _(gold)A pencil _(sharp) is a device that can be used to _(sharp) a pencil.【答案】darkenstrengthened；weakenedgolden；goldsharpener；sharpen(2)cut up切碎；剪碎；用刀等把某物切成小块；摧毁，粉碎；使伤心；使悲痛He has to have his food cut up for him.他得让人替他把食物切碎。Our army cut up the enemys forces.我们的军队摧毁了敌人的武装部队。He was badly cut up by the news of his sons death.得知儿子的死讯，他极为悲伤。cut across 抄近路；径直穿过cut away切掉；剪掉cut down 砍倒；杀死；消减，缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces切成两半/碎块cut out切掉；删掉cut through 将凿穿；抄近道cut off 切掉；砍掉；从上截下I wish Jane would stop cutting in on our conversation.我希望简不要打断我们的谈话。One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.在那场事故中，他的一个手指被切掉了。They decided to cut through the forest.他们决定