初中英语数词讲解例题解析.doc

初中英语专项数词数 词一.定义:英语数词表示数目或者顺序.二.分类:分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。三、基数词的构成 11-12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 213-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。 320-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-，如：28-twenty-eight，96-ninety-six。 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。 6hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，several,some ,many也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600-six hundred，8百万-eight million。如果表示不确定数目时，用hundreds of /thousands of /millions of /billions of +名词复数,前面不能再加数字 71000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无万这个词，我们可以用几十个千（thousand）表示几万，几百个千（thousand）表示几十万。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。1.one- first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nine - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将个位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one - one hundred and first 注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 又一 的意思。（没有具体范围的限制） 例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 几点钟用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5点钟-five（oclock） 几点过几分 ，30分钟用介词past。如： 7：05-five past seven；7：15-fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30-half past seven。 差几分几点用介词to。如：7：40-twenty to eight；7：45-fifteen（a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05-seven o five；7：15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示：年份用基数词，如：1999年-nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年-nineteen hundred； 2000-two thousand；1905-nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世纪、年代表示法： （在）90年代 (in) the nineties （在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世纪30年代 (in) the 1730s或in the 1730s4编号的表示：基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写；序数词放到名词的前面，加定冠词。第一课 Lesson 1/ the first lesson. Row 3/ the third rowClass 2Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车；表示住所时不用No如：302房间-Room 302（读作：room three o two）；如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词,如：3855633-three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。5分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母则加s。如：13 one third，23two thirds；另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34three fourths或three quarters。6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分数5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).分数、百分数与主谓一致 分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan. 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。 ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish. 我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。 Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater. 地球上三分之二的水是海水。 8其他用法：1）基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。2）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long3）表示几十岁用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties4）倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词times。如：5倍five times)。倍数的表示法 1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+thesize（length,amount width age height.）”结构组成。如： Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon. 2.表示“比大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone. 3.表示“是倍”，由“倍数+as+形容词+as+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.5)数词前加every表示每一段时间或者每隔Every four days =every the fourth day例如：He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I .He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house. 1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /3)Dick, it is the _ time in _ days that youve made the same mistake.A. two, three B. second, three C. two, thirdD. second, third (2007乌鲁木齐)4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百，成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D. 2答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： No. 6 Middle School练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择填空：1._ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2.About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are3.It will take _ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、 -For _ . A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was already in _ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor. A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ . A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th9It is only _ from my home to the train station. A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty -five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school? - _. , but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C.