初二英语-形容词和副词的比较级.docVIP

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解形容词比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成构 成 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -eststrongstrongerstrongest 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-ststrangestrangerstrangest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estsadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母， 把y变成i，再加-er和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)angryclevernarrownobleangriercleverernarrowernoblerangriestcleverestnarrowestnoblest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficult二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原 级比 较 级最 高 级good / well better bestbad / illworse worstmany / muchmore mostlittle fewlessleastfar farther / further farthest / furthest三、副词比较级和最高级的形式（一）一般副词hard harder hardest fast faster fastestlate later latest early earlier earliest（二）特殊副词well better best much more mostbadly worse worst little less least （三）开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加more或most。如： quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法（一）比较级1比较级通常由 “形容词(副词)比较级+than+” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。如：eg: Mary is happier than Jane. （形容词和系词连用）玛丽比珍妮幸福。eg: He lives more happily than I. （副词修饰行为动词）他过得比我幸福。2注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：eg: The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.eg: Sound travels faster through water than through air. 3 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”， “更”，“一些”等意思。如：eg: Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。用“times + 形容词的比较级 + than”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词 + 比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如：eg: Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。eg: He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头。 4隐含比较级1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：eg: Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。如：prior to 较早的，较重要的superior to优越，高于inferior to 下等的，次的senior to 年长的，地位高的junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的preferable to 更好的 eg: The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。eg: In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。eg: He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。eg: Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。（二）最高级1最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高级名词表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如：eg: Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. 2副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如：eg: He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。3当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。如：eg: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类)eg: He is the tallest in our class. ( He与 class不属同类)4可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如：eg: She is the best student in her class. eg: She is better than any other student in her class. eg: No other student in her class is better than she. eg: No other student in her class is as good as she. 五、课后练习题（一）用适当形式填空1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before the holidays, 4.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book. 10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon. 11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I dont think so. 15. -Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well). 16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week. 17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat). 18. I think its too expensive. Id like a _ (cheap) one. 19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. （二）单项选择题1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 2. When we speak to people, we should be _. A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 4. I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting 5. His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while6. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important7. This pencil is_ than that one.A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long 8. My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few 9. These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 11. Mrs. Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse12. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students. A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 13. The house is _ small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D. so 14. Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings. A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall 15. -Whats your brother like? -He is_. A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 16. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap17. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much18. The earth is about_ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big19. Your room is _ mine. A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as20. Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times（三）完成句子 1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesnt look _ _ _ Mary. 2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。 Jacks father is _ _ _ than her mother. 3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。 Our classroom is _ _ than theirs. 4. 当心！这条路越来越危险。 Look out! The mad is becoming _ and _ _. 5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like _, a cat or a dog?（四）完形填空I believe that listening is powerful (强效的) medicine. It was Sunday. I had the last patient (病人) to see and I got into her room. She was an old woman, sitting on the bed, trying to 1 her socks. I said to her “How are you feeling? The nurse says your son is visiting you today. Im sure youll be 2 to see him.”She 3 me with a serious voice, “Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours.”I was surprised. I sat down and helped her with the socks. She began to tell me that her only son lived not far from her, 4 she had not seen him for five years. She believed her health problems were worse 5 missing her son. After hearing her story and helping her put on her socks, I asked if there was 6 I could do for her. She said “no” and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to 7 . Each story is 8 . Some are clear; others are not. Some are true; others are not, yet all those things do not really matter. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard. Listening to someones story costs nothing but it is the key to healing (康复). I often 9 what the woman taught me, and I always tell myself it is 10 to stop, sit down and truly listen. I believe in the power of listening. 1. A. put off B. get off C. take off D. put on2. A. happy B. angry C. lucky D. sorry3. A. showed B. stopped C. asked D. caught4. A. or B. so C. but D. if5. A. because of B. because C. by D. in addition to6. A. all B. anything C. nothing D. everything7. A. see B. wait C. listen D. speak8. A. terrible B. different C. difficult D. true9. A. think of B. dream of C. talk about D. laugh at10. A. wrong B. difficult C. important D. different（五）阅读理解AMany American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, a shopkeeper and a postmaster in his early years.A large number of American presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in World War II. It happened that they graduated from the same school - West Point Military Academy (西点军校). One may be surprised to learn that both of them did not do well in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was once fined ( 罚款 ) because he broke the rules of the school.The jobs of the US presidents are tiring. He must keep an eye on anything important that happens both at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work waits for him to do and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him, “When you grow up, you should not be president. Its a tiring job.”1. How many American presidents in the 19th century are mentioned(提到) in this passage?A. FourB. Five C. Six D. Seven2. In this passage, “keep an eye on” means “_”.A. take care of B. seeC. look at D. stare at3. The second paragraph mainly tells us _.A. that Eisenhower became famous in World War IIB. how Grant became a generalC. that Grant and Eisenhower were both schoolmatesD. that many of the US presidents had served in the armyBCan we live without salt? No, salt is very important to us, we need salt in our food. Animals need it, too. Most of the salt in our country comes from the sea. People dig very big pools and let sea water in .When the sun dries up the water, people can get salt from the grou