高考英语介词考点

一、考查热点介词的用法例1： When do we need to pay the balance? _ September 30. （2006北京卷）A. InB. ByC. During D. Within析：B。由语境逻辑可知，该空表示“到为止”。例2： This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average incomes.（2006江苏卷）A. over B. within C. beyond D. below析： C。so expensive暗示该空表示“超出之外”。例3： In order to change attitudes _ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.（2004北京春季卷）A. about B. ofC. towards D. on析： C。该空表示“对的（态度）”。二、考查“动词+介词”短语的区别“动词+介词”短语是最常见的介词短语，高考对其考查有下列几种可能性：（1）考查“动词（不同）+介词（不同）”短语的区别。例1： The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matter.（2006湖北卷）A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over析： C。由主语和宾语之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“调查”，因此应填looking into。see through看透；work out解出；watch over守卫，保护。例2： The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it. （2006四川卷）A. got down B. got throughC. given in D. given away析：B。Dont worry.与already之间的语境逻辑暗示该空表示“完成”，因此应填got through。get down下来，取下，写下；give in屈服；give away赠送，泄露，分配。（2）考查“动词（相同）+介词（不同）”短语的区别take, make, pick, turn, go, get, set, put, give, leave, keep, cut, call, pull等动词构成的不同介词短语是高考考查的重点。例1： With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.（2006陕西卷）A. turn to B. turn onC. turn off D. turn over析：A。helpless暗示该空表示“求助”，因此应填turn to。turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn over翻开。例2： The Internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work. （2005北京春季卷）A. aboutB. outC. back D. up析：A。主语和宾语间的逻辑性暗示该空表示“带来”，因此应用bring about。bring out拿出；bring back归还，使记起，使恢复；bring up 吐出，抚养。（3）考查“动词（不同）+介词（相同）”短语的区别由同一介词、不同动词组成的介词短语也是历年高考考查的重点。备考时应重点注意out, for, up, into, off, on, in, through, to等活跃介词构成的“动词+介词”短语。例1： This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _ my father.（2005湖北卷）A. find outB. pick out C. look outD. speak out 析：B。was taken a long time ago暗示该空表示“挑选”，因此应填pick out。find out找出， 发现； look out当心；speak out直言不讳地说。例2： Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday? （2005辽宁卷）A. tried on B. put onC. had on D. pulled on析： C。 “你可以告诉我你昨天穿着的那双鞋是在哪里买的吗？” try on试穿； put on穿上（表动作）；have on穿着（表状态）；pull on很快穿上。三、 考查“介词+名词/代词”短语的用法“介词+名词/代词”是常见的介词短语，主要由by, for, in, on等活跃介词+名词/代词构成。例1： I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the momen（2006浙江卷）A. in other words B. on the other handC. for one thing D. as a matter of fact析： B。but暗示该空表示“另一方面”，因此应填on the other hand。in other words换言之；for one thing首先，举个例说； as a matter of fact实际上。例2： No one helped me. I did it all _ myself.（2005全国卷I、II）A. for B. byC. from D. to 析： B。No one helped me.暗示该空表示“独立地”，因此应用by oneself短语。for oneself 为某人自己，亲自；to oneself 独用地，在心中。四、 考查“介词+名词+介词”短语的区别“介词+名词+介词”也是常见的介词短语，开头介词多为in, for, at, by等活跃介词。例1： My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. （2006陕西卷）A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of析： A。while的对比性语境逻辑暗示该空应填against的反义词，表示“赞成”，因此应填in favour of。in memory of为纪念；in honour of为纪念，为向表示敬意，为庆祝；in search of寻找。例2： John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School _ the beginning of March. （2005上海卷）A. on B. forC. withD. at析： D。at the beginning of在一开始。五、考查对“be+形容词+介词”短语的识别“be+形容词+介词”短语中，形容词多半表示人的心理，介词多为with, of, about, to, for, in等活跃介词。例： You know, Bob is a little slow _ under-standing, so. So I have to be patient _ him.（2005重庆）A. in; withB. on; withC. in; toD. at; for析： A。be slow in在（方面）迟钝；be patient with对耐心。六、 考查对介词式插入语的区别由介词in构成的插入语一向是高考考查的重点，常见的有in fact, in turn, in return, in general, in a word, in other words, in ones opinion等。例：A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development. （2006山东卷）A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact析： C。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“反过来”，因此应填in turn。in nature性质上；in return作为报答；in fact实际上。七、考查对with引导的独立结构的识别with+名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词均可构成独立主格结构。该结构在句中作状语，其中不定式强调未来动作，现在分词强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调被动动作。例1：It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. (2004福建卷)A. for B. withC. fromD. of析： B。由语境逻辑和句子结构可知，his works unfinished为“名词+过去分词”独立主格结构作伴随状语，因此前面可加with。例2： _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京卷)A. With B. BesidesC. As for D. Because of析： A。two exams to worry about 构成名词+不定式独立主格结构作原因状语，表示未来动作，因此该空应填with。八、考查对介词+关系代词which+不定式结构的识别“介词+关系代词which+不定式”常作后置定语，表示“在/用可的”，被修饰名词往往为不定式所表示动作的地点或工具。例： Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南卷）A. that B. in whichC. by which D. how 析： B。该空表示“在里面可的”，因此应填in which，构成“介词+关系代词which+不定式结构”作后置定语。九、 考查对介词+关系代词which/whom引导的定语从句的识别介词+关系代词which/whom可引导定语从句。解题时可将定语从句与先行词连成一句，缺什么介词就由什么介词+which/whom引导定语从句。例1： I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.(2006重庆卷)A. of which B. by whichC. in which D. from which 析： D。定语从句与先行词可连成she had come from the direction，因此该空应填from which引导定语从句。例2： She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006陕西卷)A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that析：A。定语从句与先行词可连成she went on to have her advanced study abroad after she was educated at Beijing