北京师范大学网络教育2011年期末考试英语复习资料.doc

北京师范大学网络教育大学英语（二）2011年1月期末考试指导考试说明1. 考试时间：90分钟。2. 试卷总分：100分。3. 试卷题型：交际用语；阅读理解；词汇和结构；完型填空；翻译；写作。二、 重点知识及习题（一）重点知识 第一部分：交际用语答题技巧：这部分主要考察日常英语交际能力，考察内容全部为日常生活的对话，相对来说这部分比较简单，掌握常用的交际用语原则和习惯搭配就好。但是也要注意这方面的题目往往上充满陷阱，答题时一定要做到仔细，不能一晃而过。考前请同学们一定要把课本里面的每单元Talk about it 部分多读几遍，熟悉关于问候、感谢以及一些其它的日常话题。1、交际用语的原则：在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A. 礼貌原则。无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达。 对于别人的要求如果不同意，也要先说sorry，然后用but做连接词表示委婉。 对于别人给予的好意，首先要表示感谢，用thanks或thank you，其次不可断然拒绝或否定别人的做法，如果不同意可以用but做连接词表示委婉。B. 利他原则。在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事、成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过、惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向别人的好消息，要表示祝贺对别人的道歉表示接受，并说明无关紧要2、特定场景中的惯用语 1). 打电话的常用语Whos that speaking?This is Tom speaking.在电话用语中用This is/ that is来表示通话中的双方，动词则常用speaking和talking。2). 征询意见的用语和答语How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?Thats great!How about going to the cinema tonight, Jane？Im sorry. I have to drive my mother home tonight.Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water？ Id rather stay here if you dont mindWhat about、how about、shall we用来询问情况、征求意见，表示赞同的答语可以用why not?Good ideaWonderful等，在表示不同意见时应注意委婉，比如Im afraid that.Im sorry that。（3）购物消费的常用语Excuse me, how much is the jacket?Its 499 Yuan. Would you like to try it on?How much? 这是在购物时常见的“询价”用语，一般由顾客发起，由售货员来回答，try on的意思是“试穿”。举例：1. Whos that speaking? This is Tom_. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. saying2. _ He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do? B. Who is your father? C. What is your father? D. Where is your father now?3. Ive got the first prize in the dancing contest. A. Youre welcome. B. Its very kind of you.C. Please accept my congratulations. D. Oh, really, I cant believe my ears.4. Ive passed the examination. A. What a pity! B. I have the examinationC. Come on. D. Congratulations5. Im suffering from a stomachache. A. Are you feeling better? B. Why are you here?C. Are you pleased? D. Whats the matter with you?6. What would you like to drink? A. Anything wrong. B. Very goodC. Well done. D. orange juice, please.7. Im engaged. on your engagement.A. Congratulations B. Pleasure C. Welcome D. Cheers第二部分：阅读理解答题技巧：这部分是英语考试的重点，其所占分值也是比较大的，因此阅读理解做得好与坏就成了考试成功与否的关键。在做阅读理解时需要注意到以下几点：1、阅读文章之前，可以先浏览一下文后的问题，做到心中有数，带着问题去阅读，提高阅读的效率。2、第一遍阅读时先快速浏览文章各个段落的首尾句，了解文章的大体结构，判断文章的类别，根据各类文章的性质，在开始阅读后有意识的着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。3、第二遍细读，答题时注意找出主体句，利用主体句查找有关信息。4、掌握好解题的速度，有效的控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法。碰到难题不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时间。要懂得果断的舍弃。5、对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词，可以放过去，不必务求理解。举例：Passage 1My secret for staying young is simple. Put all attention to the part of your brain and keep it young and growing. Keep your mind awake and youll stay young all over. These are exciting times. Take an interest in the world around you, and stick to learning at least one new thing every day. No matter how old you are, its not too late to make your life more interesting. I know a housewife with no knowledge before she made herself into a well-known engineer. I know a retired electrical engineer who has become a highly-paid dress designer. Get over the idea that you are too old to go back to school. I know a man who entered medical college at 70. He got his degree with honours and became a famous doctor. Another man went to law school at 71 and now was an active lawyer. Staying young is easy for those, old or young, who live in the future. You can do it if you care enough to try. Keep your mind awake and active: thats the only way. 1. According to the passage, that peoples brain of all ages remains young and growing is_. A. impossible B. a scientific fact C. a secret D. a wrong conclusion 2. It is wrong for the old to_.A. think himself too old to go back to school B. keep his mind awakeC. try to stay young D. lead an active life3. The passage says that the man who entered college at 70 _.A. was unthinkable B. became tired of his lifeC. wanted to be a highly-paid man D. became famous in the medical circle4. The only way to keep young is_.A. to go back to school B. not to consider ones ageC. to live in the future D. to keep ones mind awake and alive5. The writer suggests that you should _learning at least one new thing every day.A. take care of B. set out C. keep on D. turn toPassage 2Completing teacher evaluations requires maturity and objectivity. Every semester we are given the opportunity to evaluate our instructors. We are supposed to judge their lectures, interest in student problems, methods of assigning work, and general abilities to conduct class. Then when the instructor has left the room, we must write our evaluations on the forms provided. We are not supposed to exchange views or discuss our responses. After everyone has completed the forms, one student collects and tallies(点数) the responses and then seals(密封) them in an envelope.It is very difficult to evaluate another persons performance objectively. For example, Sally recently wrote irresponsible remarks about her instructor because she was failing the course. Her classmate Harry wrote a marvelous description of the same instructor because he was receiving an A in the course. Neither Sally nor Harry was fairly evaluating the instructor. They were influenced by the grades they were earning and were biased(存在偏见) in their judgments.Another irresponsible form of evaluation occurred when James rated his instructor as excellent because the instructor was “easy”. He gave few tests and only assigned one paper during the entire term. His lectures were often filled with jokes and endless stories about his family. On the other hand, James rated Professor Jones as poor because he assigned text work daily, gave pretest reviews and posttest reviews, and packed his lecture with information.Sally, Harry, and James have not thought about their instructors teaching abilities. They wrote unfair evaluations and did not give thought to their ratings. They were swayed(影响) by personality and equated（相提并论）little work with excellence in teaching.1. Students should evaluate their instructors _.A. by discussing opinions with their classmatesB. by discussing opinions with their instructorsC. by writing letters and sealing them in envelopesD. by filling in the provided forms on their own2. Harry and Sally are both influenced by _ in teacher evaluations.A. the instructors teaching attitudeB. the instructors teaching abilityC. the grades the instructor givesD. the teaching methods of the instructor 3. The word “rated” (Line 1, Paragraph 3. )is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. Evaluated. B. Biased. C. Assigned. D. Required.4. According to the passage, Harry, Sally, and James should have _.A. been more aware that teaching is no easy jobB. paid more attention to the instructors teaching abilitiesC. equated good personality with excellence in teachingD. thought more about the effect of their evaluations on the instructors5. According to the author, teacher evaluation should be written _.A. collectively B. objectively C. neatly D. regularlyPassage 3 As early as the 1550s, a rough form of railroad was already being used in parts of Europe. Miners in England and other areas of western Europe used horse-drawn wagons on wooden tracks to pull loads out of the mines. With these tracks, the horses could carry twice as much coal as they could without them. But no one could have known that one day this simple idea would change the world.There were many developments along the way that helped make railroads a practical and valuable form of transportation. Two of the most important were iron track and the flanged (工字形的) wheel, which has a rim (轮圈) around it to hold it onto the track. But the most important of all was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1765. Before that, all cars were pulled by horses or mules.The first railroads in the United States were built during the late 1820s.They caused a lot of excitement.They were much faster than other forms of travel, and they could provide service year round, unlike boats and stagecoaches(驿站马车). Trains were soon the main means of travel.Railroads played a major part in the Industrial Revolution the years of change when machines were first used to do work that had been done by hand for many centuries. Trains provided cheaper rates and quicker service for transporting goods. Because manufacturers could ship their goods over long distances, they could sell their products all over the nation instead of only in the surrounding cities and towns. This meant greater profits for the companies. Trains also brought people into the cities to work in factories.1. What happened in the mid-sixteenth century according to the passage?A. Railroad was widely used in Europe.B. Horse-drawn wagons were used on wooden tracks to pull loads out of the mines.C. Miners in western Europe built a rough form of railroad to carry coal to England.D. An early form of railroad was invented by British miners.2. The pronoun them in the first paragraph refers to _.A. coal miners B. the horsesC. wagons D. wooden tracks3. What was the most important development that made railroads practical means of transportation?A. Steam engine. B. Iron track.C. Flanged wheel. D. Wooden tracks.4. Trains have all the advantages except that _.A. they provide cheaper rates and faster services for transporting goodsB. they help manufacturers sell their products in places where higher prices are offeredC. they help generate greater profits for companiesD. they were used only to ship goods in those early days5. The best title for this passage is _.A. Mining B. Means of TransportationC. RailroadsD. Railroads and the Industrial Revolution第三部分：词汇和结构答题技巧：这部分主要考察的是英语语法与词汇的理解及其运用，主要靠平时的不断积累和训练。具体技巧：1、对词类的词形变化规则要熟悉，概念要清楚，记忆要准确，联想要快捷。2、在句中填写单词时，注意看清所填单词在句中充当的成分，看清所填单词前面的修饰语，看是否是固定句式或惯用搭配。3、利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理，便能轻而易举地猜出词义，写出单词。此外，在做词汇题时，还可以使用排除法。错误的选项主要体现在以下三个方面：A. 选项本身语法错误，如主谓、时态不一致，形式不符；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点。1. Ive tried to _ quarreling with him, but his behavior always makes me angry.A. ignore B. avoid C. consider D. cancel 2. Nick is very _about using computers, though he is only a freshman.A. good B. dependent C. confident D. interested 3. Its a long trip, _ road you take.A. whatever B. whenever C. whoever D. whichever 4. The room was so noisy that it was several hours _ I got to sleep again.A. since B. after C. unless D. before 5. Although George has many personal problems, he _ present every day since the first day of class.A. has been B. had been C. is D. was 6. Each individual has his own right to _ his own career and freedom.A. find B. pursue C. consider D. register 7. They aimed to _ a new theory of evolution based on the latest findings in archaeology (考古学).A. define B. produce C. construct D. instruct 8. She should spend _ one hour practicing spoken English every day if she hopes to pass the College Spoken English Test in November.A. at last B. at best C. at most D. at least 9. A _word is often on a higher pitch and it has a longer duration, i.e. the vowel appears to be longer.A. pressed B. crucial C. stressed D. impressed 10. The students _ to the teacher that they had too much school work to do, and as a result, they had little time to relax.A. complained B. charged C. insisted D. maintained 11. Most broadcasters _ that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is exaggerated. A. propose B. oppose C. persist D. maintain 12. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines, so that each worker _ more _ the production of the cars on his line. A. devotesto B. comparesto C. contributesto D. concentrateson13. Until recently dentists have _ the fact that more patients never see much more than the ceiling of the practice room. A. neglected B. avoided C. missed D. ignored14. One of the great values of the personal computer is that smaller firms, smaller organizations can now have some of the _ over the bigger ones. A. benefits B. privileges C. potentials D. advantages15. These stories stressed the idea that all individuals, no matter how poor, were _ of becoming wealthy as long as they were hardworking and honest. A. capable B. able C. likely D. fond16. Could you give me rough _of what the job might cost? A. value B. correction C. account D. estimate17. John was going to join the protest march, but he_ at the last minute. A. backed up B. backed out C. backed into D. backed down18. The man_ in horror when he saw the tiger. A. drew back B. drew in C. drew out D. went back19. _ an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it. A. On being given B. On given C. On giving D. On having given20. You must walk through the underground_ to get across that busy street A. way B. road C. passage D. route第四部分：完型填空答题技巧：这部分题目是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解的考查为一体的综合题，不但要求同学们具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求必须具备较强的分析理解、逻辑推断能力及语感。解题时注意以下三点：首先通览全文，了解大意。由于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力，在解答试题的之前应快速阅读全文，抓住文章的主题，搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。其次找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁着思路清晰时，快速做出反应，一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来，不因某试题暂时给不了答案的题停留太久。最后，初选过后，可能还会留下一些空档，此时，再重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，看其是否通顺流畅、条理清晰、符合逻辑。与此同时，将未填的空档全部补齐。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。举例：A rich American went into a shop in London. He wanted very much _1_ a nice-looking watch. He saw a watch and liked it so much that he decided to buy it. But the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it._2_ the American was hesitating, a young man suddenly came into the shop, took _3_out of the owners hand and ran out with it. It all happened in_4_seconds. When the owner ran out _5_the street, the young man had already _6_among the people. The American went on. At the next corner, he saw _7_with the stolen watch in his hand, Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir? he said in a low voice, Its only a hundred dollars. The young man doesnt know I saw him _8_the watch just now, he thought. The American paid at once and went happily back to his room with the watch. He told his friend about the fine watch. His