方式状语从句讲解.doc

_方式状语从句讲解方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。1. as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2. as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。比较状语从句比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。常由asas（和一样），not as / so（不像那样），than（比），the（越越）等引导。1. as+原级+as（第一个as是副词，含“如此”的意思，在主句说明所比内容的程度；第二个as是连词，含“比”或“如此”的意思，引导从句）。例如：Our classroom is as big as theirs. 我们的课室跟他们的一样大。I hope you like it as much as I do. 我喜欢你跟我一样喜欢它。在这种结构中，比较成分的前面常用表示倍数的词如times（倍），twice（两倍）等来表示相比较的两个成分相差的倍数，通常译作“像几倍那样多”，“是的几倍”。例如： The speed of sounds in water is about four times as great as in air. 声音在水中的速度是空气中的4倍左右。 This book is twice as thin as that one. 这本书的厚度是那本书的二分之一。2. “no+比较级+than”（不比多，不少于）。no是副词，在主句中作状语，修饰形容词或副词的比较级；than是连词，引导从句。例如：Tom is no less diligent than peter. 汤姆用功不比彼得差。（汤姆和彼得同样用功）He feels no better today than he did yesterday.他今天的感觉不比昨天好。（他今天的感觉跟昨天同样不好。）3. not so / as as（不像那样，不如）。第一个as/so是副词，在主句中作状语，修饰其后的形容词/副词；第二个as是连词，引导从句。not soas比not asas用得比较普遍。例如：The weather is not so cold as it was last winter. 天气不如去年冬天那么冷。It is not as easy as you think. 事情并不像你想的那么容易。The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped. 这工作并不像我们希望的那样顺利。4. 形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较的对象。表示两个人或事物在某（些）方面的差别。than是连词，引导从句。后面被比较对象如果是名词，多用省略形式，省去与主句中相同的部分。This flower is less beautiful than that one but sweeter than that one.这朵花不如那朵花看，但比它香。Man grows faster than the planet he inhabits.人类成长的速度远比他居住的星球快得多。 从句中的主语（名词）如果与主句中的主语一致，为了避免重复，常用that代替不可数或某些可数名词，用those代替可数复数名词，用one或ones代替可数名词。例如： The result of this experiment is better than that of the last one.这次实验的结果要比上次好。The students in our class are more diligent than those in their class.我们班的学生比他们班的学生用功。 比较状语从句的动词，如果与主句的谓语动词一致，且为行为动词时，常用do（does，did）代替，以免重复。例如： We have produced even more coal this year than we did that year. 我们今年出产煤要比去年出产得更多。 We seemed to understand human nature as well as do science. 你不但通晓科学，而且似乎也同样洞察人性。 She drives better than her husband does. 她开车开得比她丈夫好。 asas，not so / asas， than 引导的比较状语从句的省略形式：1 省略主句。例如：I read as many pages as（they）are required（to be read）. （主、从句的主语不一致）我读了我该读的页数。The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as（they）are in Guangzhou. （主、从句主语一致）杭州的冬天没有广州的冬天那么暖和。He eats more than is good for him. 他吃的太多，对身体没好处。There were more casualties than was reported. 伤亡人数比所报道的要多。2 省略谓语。例如：She is more highly regarded than he. （主、从句主语不一致）她比他受到更高的重视。Sometimes it is as hard as rock. （主、从句主语不一致） 有时它和岩石一样硬。3 省略主语和（部分）谓语。例如：Work is as necessary for sound mind as（it is necessary）for sound body.（主、从句主语一致）健全的精神需要工作，就像健全的身体需要工作一样。Mother loves me as dearly as her. 母亲爱我, 我也爱她。When I spoke to him on the phone this morning, he was more agreeable than（he was）last night. （省略主句和部分谓语）今天早晨我在电话里跟他讲话时，他比昨天要随和。4 省略宾语。例如：Thats as good a place as I can find. （从句as可看作是关系代词）那是我所能找到的一个好地方。5 句型thethe（越越）。即：从句：the + 比较级，主句：the + 比较级The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.我们越学习，就越发现自己无知。主句如果是将来时，从句可用现在时代替将来时。例如：The longer the treatment is delayed, the worse the prognosis will be.延误治疗的时间越长，预后越差。 “thethe”句型通常是从句在前，主句在后；这时，主句和从句均用倒装语序。有时，主句在前，从句在后；这时，主句不必用倒装语序，分句之前通常不用逗号。例如： An object draws the harder, the more matter it contains. 有的物质越多，它的引力就越大。I like you（the）more, the more I know you.我越了解你，就越喜欢你。 主句的主、谓语有时可用半倒装语序，以保持句子的平衡。例如：The more you read, the better will you write. 你读得越多， 写得就越好。 “thethe”句型的省略形式。这种句型的句子如果意思明显，用省略句的很多：主句的主语和动词可以省略，有时主句和从句的主语和动词都可以省略。例如： The more, the better. 越多越好。 The higher the temperature（is）, the greater the pressure（is）. 温度越高，压力越大。1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,