初中语法主谓一致讲解.doc

“主谓一致”专项语法内容归纳如下：l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。 2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news，maths，physics, works (工厂)等。Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。 My mathematics are weak. 3、family，class，team，group，crowd, committee等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：My family is a very big one，with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭，有十口人 My family all like watching TV我们全家人都喜欢看电视。 His family are all music lovers. 4、people, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。The police are having a meeting 警察们正在开会。 youth作“青年们”解作主语时，谓语用复数。 The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology. 5、单数名词后跟with， along with(与一道), together with, as well as(和；也), rather than(而不), but, except，not, like, besides, including 等引起的短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：My father together with his friends is going to visit the Great Wall我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。 He as well as his sister is a League member. 6、由either，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致。如：Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海。Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了? Either you or he has to go there with me. 7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害? What you said is wrong. 你所说的是错的。 8、以there，here, where开头的句子，若主语不只一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致。如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。 Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.9、当kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词应与kind，pair，glass等形式一致。如This pair of shoes is dirty这双鞋脏了。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。 10、由 “a lot of (lots of) plenty of a number of +名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。如：A lot of people have been to London.许多人去过伦敦。Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的。 注：“the number of十复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千11、代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Neither of us is a boy我们俩都不是男孩。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典。One of the students was late for school. 12、all，some，none，most，any等代词作主语时，若指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若指单数概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都难。Not all the students are here. 不是所有的学生都在这儿。 13、当and连接的两个主语被each，every或no修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和每个学生都需要词典。14、当主语是同位语时，谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定，区分主语和同位语的方法是，用逗号连接的就是同位语，用连词and连接的就是主语。如：Susan, Mr Motts wife, is a scientist. 苏姗，也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。 15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语用复数，谓语动词也用复数。如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人过得很快乐，有钱人却过得不快乐。16由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall. More than one student has visited the exhibition. 17“的几分之几”和“的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls.19并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers. 20成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 A knife and fork is on the table. 21由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every或no修饰时，其谓语用单数形式。 No student and no teacher is invited to the party. In our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education. 22在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know. 23主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。 The United States is a developed country. 24“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 She is the only one of these women who plays the violin. 25主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。Half of the fruit is bad. Half of the visitors are from Europe. 26主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式。主语是“one or two + 复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. There are one or two things Id like to know about. 27主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。 Our people is a great one. There are 56 peoples in China. 28主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，谓语用单数形式，主语指的不是一种而是多种，谓语动词用复数。This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals. 39主语是“each of ”，“neither of ”，“either of ”，“one of”等时，其谓语用单数。 Each of them has his own duty. 30陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +复数名词等作主语时，反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用it。 Somebody is waiting for you, aren they? Everything is all right, isnt it? 31用引号的词语作主语时，谓语用单数第三人称。 “I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. 32在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语，则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。 It is Mike who always helps m