三大从句及反义疑问句及其答案.doc

宾语从句语法讲解 一、 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、 三要素 1. 引导词 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left. 3. 时态 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？ 四、 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于哪一类从句。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 宾语从句专项练习 一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. 3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days. 4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。 ( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it ( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking ( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought ( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains ( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives ( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held ( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 三、用合适的连接词填空。 1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether) 7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what) 9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what) 四、句型转换。 1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句) Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy. 4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital. 5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句) 五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow. 2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)? 4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work). 7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already. 8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him. 10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait. 状语从句讲解和练习状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特 殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, since特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 结果状语从句常用引导词：so that, so that, such that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特 殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.The house is three times as big as ours.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 10. 状语从句的简化状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。状 语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。b.连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。c.连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over, 巩固练习1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if2. I would appreciate it _you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.A. until B. if C. when D. that3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，_.A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life4.After the war，a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when5. Is Mr. Smith in the office?Yes，_ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.A. since B. however C. whether D. for6. As your good friend, I will do _help you.A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can7.John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones.A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up _I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before9. Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.Oh, yes. _oth