八年级上unit1-unit2知识点总结.doc

Unit 1 where did you go on vacation 单词复习：1任何人 Anywhere 精彩的；极好的 最多的；大多数的 没有什么n.没有 每人；人人 我自己 你自己；你亲自 hen pig 似乎；好像 无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 Someone Diary 活动；活跃 .决定；选定 Paragliding bird bicycle building trader 惊奇；想知道；怀疑 差异；不同 顶部；顶 等；等待 湿的；雨天的 低于；在.下面 饥饿的；渴望的 如同；像.一样 Hill Duck 不喜欢；厌恶 短语归纳1、go on vacation去度假 ，2、stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 ，4、go to the beach到海边去，5、visit museums 参观博物馆，6、go to summer camp 去夏令营，7、quite a few 相当多， 8、study for为学习，9、go out 出去，10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间，11、taste good 尝起来味道好，12、have a good time玩的开心，13、of course当然可以， 14、feel like(doing sth)感觉像/想要,15、go shopping购物，16、in the past 在过去，17、walk around绕走，18、too many 太多（可数名词前面），19、because of 因为， 20、one bowl of 一碗,21、find out 查出来/发现 ，22、go on继续，23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up and down上上下下， 26、come up出来 3 习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste/look/smell/sound/feel + adj. 尝起来/看起来/闻起来/听起来/摸起来3. have nothing to do but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来;似乎 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事13. Why not do sth.= why dont you do sth为什么不做.呢？l What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？l Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？l Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？14. so + 形容词 + that + 从句 如此以至于 too+ 形容词+ to +动词原形 太而不能. such+(a/an)+形容词+名词that + 从句 如此以至于She is _ old to walk so long. A. too B. so C. very D. such15. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 16. keep doing sth. 继续做某事17. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事18.How do you like=what do you think of ? 你认为怎么样19. enough +名词，形容词+enough20.不定代词+形容词，如；something new, anything important, nothing interesting21. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心，玩得愉快 词语辨析：1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事seem to be + 形容词 似乎；好像 It seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.decide on sth. 选定某物，decide on doing sth.选定做某事。4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .1) 创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2) 机器开动： I cant start my car.3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old. 6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，。 We have too much work to do. much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. 分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of+名词/代词/动名词 因为，由于 because+句子 因为He cant take a walk_ the rain. I dont buy the shirt _ it was too expensive.8. bring 意为“带来，取来”【辨析】bring与takebring指从别处将某物带到说话人所在的地点take指把某物从说话人身边带走9. few与little 的区别：肯定否定许多可数a fewfewquite a few/not a few不可数a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little 语法总结：一般过去时一、 一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day等连用。二、一般过去时结构（1）有Be动词的过去时结构：肯定句：主语+was/were+其他 吉姆昨天晚上很生气。 Jim was angry last night.否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他 Jim wasnt angry last night.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+其他？ Was Jim angry last night? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, he was. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasnt/werent. No, he wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构？ How was Jim last night?（2）句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子肯定：主语+动词过去式+其他 eg. 吉姆昨天回家了。 Jim went home yesterday.否定：主语+ didnt +动词原形+其他 Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 Did Jim go home yesterday? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. Yes, he did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didnt. No, he didnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？What did Jim do yesterday? Who went to home yesterday?四、动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式语法练习：Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 单词复习：3n.家务劳动；家务事_ adv.几乎不；几乎没有_adv.在任何时候；从来_ 几乎从不；_adv.一次；曾经_ adv.两倍；两次_n.因特网_ n.节目_ adj.满的；充满的；忙的_ adv.大概；或许；可能_最少；最小、.最小的；最少的_至少；不少于；起码_.垃圾食品_ n.咖啡；咖啡色_n.健康_ n.结果；后果_n.百分之.的_ conj.虽然；尽管；即使_prep.穿过；凭借；_ n、.头脑；心智_n.身体_ 例如；像这样_adv.共同；一起_ v.死亡；灭亡；消失_n.作者；作家_ adv.然而；不过_多于_ adv.几乎；差不多_pron.没有一个，毫无_ adj.&.pron.更少的；较少的_少于_6短语：（1）help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事（2）go shopping 去买东西（3）on weekends 在周末（4）how often 多少次（5）hardly ever几乎从不（6）once a week 一星期一次（7）twice a month 一个月两次（8）go to the movies 去看电影（9）every day 每天（10）use the Internet上网（11）be freebe not busy=have time 有空（12）have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课（13）swing dance 摇摆舞（14）play tennis 打乒乓球（15）stay up late熬夜到很晚（16）go to sleep 睡觉（17）go to bed上床睡觉（18）at least 至少，不少于，起码（19）go to bed early 上床睡觉早（20）play sports 做运动（21）be good for 对.有好处（22）be good at doing sth擅长做某事（23）go camping去野营（24）in ones free time 在某人的业余时间里（25）the most popular 最受欢迎的（26）such as 例如.像.这样（27）go to the dentist看牙科医生（28）more than 多于（29）old habits lie hard 旧习难改（30）less than 少于（31）junk food垃圾食品（32）take care of sb 照料某人（33）look after sb照顾某人（34）have to dosth必须做某事（35）get in 进入（36）be late for迟到习惯用法：1. help sb. with sthhave sb do sth 帮助某人做某事2. How about doing? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式13.full of满的14.what about doingsth？做某事怎么样？15.not.at all 一点儿也不 I dont like it at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢它。词语辨析：2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 3. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.8. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb