同声传译答案-Unit 13.doc

第13单元 同声传译应对策略综述Reference Key to Exercises Text 1Honorable Mr. Wang Huayuan, Deputy CPC Secretary of Guangdong Province, Honorable Mr. Zhou Bo, Deputy Director of Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council, Dear Leaders and Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,Good morning. Today marks the grand opening of Shanwei Electronics, Telecommunication and IT Products Expo & Contract Signing Ceremony of Trade and Economic Cooperation 2006, two essential parts of our Commemoration Event for the 110th Anniversary of Peng Pai, the late CPC revolutionary leader, & Trade and Economic Events 2006. First of all, on behalf of the Party Committee and Peoples Government of Shanwei as well as three million citizens in this former revolutionary base, Id like to extend my welcome and respect to all the leaders, guests and friends.Shanwei is a young city with huge potential. Boasting a favorable geographical location and climate as well as abundant land and marine resources, its unique economic advantages are more prominent with the adjacency to Pearl River Delta. In recent years, especially after the Municipal Congress of CPC Members in 2004, led by the Provincial Party Committee and Government, the Municipal Party Committee and Government are determined to build a new Shanwei and focus on concerted efforts and leapfrogging development for rapid economic and social progress. And these years indeed witness the best growth of our city. GDP growth rate in 2005 was 16.3%. The first three quarters of 2006 not only see our GDP up by 15%, but also the positive growth in pillar industries of electronics, telecommunication, IT and alike, as well as in a group of industrial clusters. Shanwei becomes a key export base for high- and new-tech products in east Guangdong and is well-equipped to develop advanced manufacturing industry. The all-round progress is also found in full-scale development in social undertaking, social stability, improved living standard and better administration of CPC. In addition, Shanwei is optimizing its investment climate into a paradise of investment from all over the world.The present Shanwei is in its prime and ready for breakthrough. Recently, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and Government held the East Guangdong Working Session in Shantou, lending us an engine for growth. It greatly encourages people from all walks of life in Shanwei. Looking ahead, besides targeting a yearly average of 18% in GDP growth in the coming decade, we set the development objective in phases with three-year, five-year and ten-year timeframes for laying the first stone, transformation and substantial growth in succession. In terms of the future direction of our industrial development, the focus is on becoming the bases for IT industry, port industry and processing & manufacturing trade. In positioning ourselves, we will make better use of water-based eco-system, add up the urban functions and make it more attractive, so that Shanwei will become a modern coastal city with well-developed industry, tourism and marine aquaculture and embrace new breakthrough.With this general objective in mind, we are to concentrate our efforts on the three bases of IT industry, port industry and processing & manufacturing trade, on the three economic belts of marine industry, green agriculture and golden corridor of unique tourism routes, and on the three founding blocks of transportation infrastructure, municipal infrastructure and education base. Among them, the top priority is given to electronics, telecommunication and IT industry to secure preemptive development for three reasons. First, they are leading industries in new industrialization, with close links to other manufacturing sectors. Second, the natural environment fits well with these industries which have demanding requirement on precision. Third, Shanwei is now endowed with a sound industrial foundation in this regard. Two of our flagship enterprises, Truly Electronics Co. Ltd. and Tak Cheong Electronics (Holdings) Co. Ltd., have successfully played the locomotive role and exerted banyan tree effect. So, the 11th five-year plan of Shanwei clearly maps out the blueprint for the city. By setting up Shanwei High-tech Development Zone, specialty industrial base of the Torch Project and science park for agriculture and forestry, and highlighting R&D on core technologies in electronics, telecommunication, software and integrated circuit, we keep on developing IT-based high- and new-tech industries to transform this former small fishing village to an information port of the future.Todays Expo signifies an influential beginning of and an effective attempt at the further development of Shanweis IT industry. Through product display, sharing of investment experiences among enterprises and promotion of investment climate, everyone can witness the abundant resources of opening up and economic development as well as the hospitable environment adaptive to the integrated development of electronics, telecommunication and IT industry. Another purpose is to build a platform on which we can fully utilize domestic and international resources and facilitate all-round and multi-tiered services in IT industry. In this event, there will be contract signing, ribbon cutting and foundation laying ceremony for 227 projects with a total investment of 3.2725 billion RMB. We are sure of the propelling force to various sectors, including electronics, telecommunication and IT, when these projects are finalized.We are fully aware that the most crucial element in the investment climate is still about people. What really stand out as competitive edge are none but social harmony, administrative efficiency, legal credibility and friendly atmosphere. Well firmly take hold of the opportunity offered by the decision on further developing eastern Guangdong by Provincial Party Committee and Government. While expanding opening up and building infrastructure, well also take effective measures to innovate technologies and mechanisms, carry out all preferential measures and improve quality and efficiency of service. To build Shanwei into a key industrial base for electronics and IT, well endeavor to build various platforms to develop electronics, telecommunication and IT industries, introduce and create the banyan tree effect for these three sectors, the fusion effect for industrial transfer, driving force of setting up industrial bases and the circular effect of industrial chains.Here, we expect earnestly that leaders at different levels and all circles of society will, as always, support and show interest in the development of Shanwei. We cordially welcome aspirant Chinese and overseas entrepreneurs to join this great process of developing Shanwei and to cooperate with IT and other sectors, so that together we can unfold a future of prosperity. In the end, I wish Shanwei Electronics, Telecommunication and IT Products Expo & Contract Signing Ceremony of Trade and Economic Cooperation 2006 every success and wish you all the best. Thank you.(Full text of the remarks by Rong Tiewen, Party Secretary of the Shanwei Municipal Party Committee at the “Seminar of Shanwei Economic and Trade Cooperation” on October 21, 2006, as transcribed)Text 2主席女士，谢鹏飞副秘书长，杜大伟先生，尊敬的各位朋友，各位同事：很高兴能有机会和大家谈谈世界发展报告，也就是WDR。它是世界银行的年度旗舰报告。世行发布很多报告，而WDR是最重要的。不巧的是我并非这份报告的作者，实际上两年前我是报告小组的组长。不过报告小组还是要求我来谈谈这份报告，因为它和广东有关。报告很有意思。广东方面做了三个演讲。两份报告关于中国，而这份是世界性的，不过还是和广东有关。主要有两个原因，其一，报告关于经济地理，以及经济地理如何与发展和减贫相互作用。中国是个泱泱大国，有发达地区，也有落后地区，广东自然是发达省份。所以，影响中国经济地理的因素必定影响广东。其二，谢副秘书长和杜大伟先生也说过，广东省内也有发达和落后地区，这也是一个原因。世界发展报告的要点就是发达和落后地区的空间一体化非常重要，这可能比专注于区域内不同地区更有效。下面我来解释一下。先看两点，诊断和政策。先来看诊断。报告主要讨论三个问题。首先是经济生产在空间上更加集中，也就是在区域上更加集中在世界上最成功的国家中那些发展最有成效的省份。就像杜大伟先生所说，集中并不一定是件坏事，在很多情况下还是好事。其次，随着经济生产集中，在政府政策的扶持下，人们的生活水平差距先是愈拉愈大，然后趋于均等。最终，人们的生活水平在逐渐拉开之后，又会慢慢一致。第三，政府可以帮助发达和落后地区更紧密地联系，从而在经济活动的有效整合和生活水平均等两方面都发挥积极作用。倒不是让制造商搬到落后地区去生产，而是确保发达和落后地区间的经济活动和人员流动便捷顺畅。为什么呢？经济学家一般会认为经济集中不一定是坏事，因为公司发展壮大了，效率就提高了；公司越大，成本就越低，这是第一个原因。第二，公司规模大了，就更专业化，经营就能更出色。第三，经济集中意味着公司与公司间的距离很近。经济学家指出，即便它们相互竞争，位置相邻意味着它们可以共用供应商，还能取长补短。所以经济集中确实不是坏事。如果小到公司，大到国家和地区都能做好这点，可能发展不会均衡，有快有慢，但是所有人都能享受到发展机会。这也是我们最终的目标。下面让我逐条具体介绍，并举几个例子说明。这张图展示的是，在不同历史时期，不同国家的经济集中和经济活动价值集中对经济活动产生的影响。这里包括多种类型的国家，从1850年至2000年的西班牙，到1960年至2000年的美国。随着这些国家的发展，经济活动聚集，聚集程度是指该国发达地区的实际收入和它所占的份额，前提是假设该国实现了完全平等的分配。所以这里我们可以看到，人均收入达到4,000美元时，经济集中呈上升趋势，然后趋于稳定。这是过去发生的情况。我注意到广东省实际上在接近这个人均收入4,000美元的稳定水平。不论在地方、全省还是全国，这个比率都适用。另一个值得关注的情况是生活水平和生活水平的不平等如何随国家发展而变化。这张图上有不同的国家和地区的地域不平等，即发达和落后地区收入的不平等或差异。自然一开始差异增大，然后慢慢平稳。实际上发达和落后地区的差异总是在缩小。如今，有些国家肯定不希望这个消除差异的过程耗费太长时间。比如马来西亚，它非常关注社会和谐，所以制订了相关政策，确保能够更快消除差异。这里可以看到家庭，劳动力贫困线，平均值在下降，而且因为政府采取积极政策以实现不同地区的平等发展，1970年到2002年间，收入差异缩小得很快。该国不同地区卫生设施的可及性也趋于一致，比预想的快很多。所以政府的政策亦可影响趋同的程度。总结一下诊断部分。世界发展报告指出，经济活动的集中不可避免，而且大多有益。我们通过卫生设施的可及性等作为衡量指标，发现收入和生活水平的趋同也是可以实现的，尽管差距先是拉大，然后才缩小。要同时实现经济活动的效率和平等，就必须让发达和落后地区整合发展。那么国家和省市该采取什么措施来加快这个整合的进程呢？世界发展报告指出，各国应找到适合自己的发展道路，不过要考虑的问题却不尽相同。例如，各省是应该按照市场需求将落后地区劳动力迁移出去把人移向工作，还是通过激励措施来支持落后地区的经济发展把工作移向人？谢副秘书长之前提过这个问题。世界发展报告还研究了各国或具体手段的经验。是投资人力资源发展还是地区发展？世界发展报告是个全球性的研究，所以不存在针对所有个体的具体政策。不过重要的是要知道有哪些应用过的准则是可以用在广东省的。在本部分内容的最后，我想举三个国家的例子，谈谈这些措施是如何应用的。这是一份经济地理方面的报告。我给大家看三个国家的地图：中国，印度和巴西。这幅图是基于杜大伟先生刚刚所说的内容，主要看两方面：一是中国的贫困人口分布图，在2002年日收入不到两美元的人口的比例。深色部分是比例较大的地区，浅色是比例较小的。这幅图说明中国西部是贫穷地区，大家应该都知道。但是贫穷地区的贫困人口却相对较少。这些点表示人数，很多贫困人口集中在沿海地区，比如广东。原因有两个。第一个当然是沿海地区的总人口总是多于西部地区。正如杜大伟先生所说，另一个同样重要的原因就是中国大量的人口迁移。经济发展更加一体化，对广东省来说，结果就是大量人口从一处迁移至另一处。贫困人口通过拉近与经济机遇的距离调整了现状，这对中国是件好事。我们还想知道到底是什么政策带来了这个迁移。杜大伟先生刚才说过，这一现象源于中国提高居民教育水平的政策，所以贫困地区的劳动力更受沿海地区雇主的青睐。这些政策并非只针对部分地区，世界发展报告称其为无视区域差异的政策。它们并不考虑贫穷和富裕地区的对比，只关注中国人民的教育水平，所以叫做无视区域差异的政策。此举对所有人都有益，比如土地和其他政策，从经济效益来看，能够确保产权能够起刺激发展的作用。当然不是所有国家都有如此般的人口迁移。印度的人口迁移方向主要是西北部，因为大多穷人都住在中部地区，尽管贫富差距很明显。这些是拥有贫困人口的地区。你们可以看到，和中国不同，印度的中部和北部地区贫困率很高，贫困人口也最多。这是因为印度居民迁移的难度更大。首先是印度的方言比中国多很多。其次是印度没有在贫穷地区的教育事业上投资，至少力度远不及中国。因此，印度实际上采取的不仅是无视区域差异的政策，还有连接不同区域的政策，允许更多人迁移。通过在教育、基础设施和信息流动上的投资，帮助贫困人口把握经济更发达地区的机会。巴西兼具中国和印度的特点。图中用红色标出了巴西的贫穷地区。巴西的贫困人口也迁移到南部的富裕地区，同样，很多穷人也集中在东北部。在这个国家，人口向各地迁移，但是东北部贫困人口最为密集。巴西政府实施了三个举措。一是推行无视区域差异政策，如教育投资。二是发展基础设施，从空间上连接贫穷和落后地区。三是发展东北地区在内的贫穷地区的投资和经济活动。谢副秘书长也特别说到了广东省是如何在贫困地区开展经济活动的。事实上，中国成功地通过经济特区提供了很多发展动力，而广东也获益良多。不过还是要谨慎，因为把经济活动吸引到偏远的东北部各州时，巴西投资耗费巨大，例如东北部各州试图吸引福特汽车公司落户东南部，此举让纳税人为每个工作岗位花了17万美元，也就是一百万人民币，代价不菲。所以广东要想把经济活动放在这些地区，就得权衡一下得与失。总结一下，世界发展报告提到三类政策。第一类是无视区域差异的政策或机制，帮助人们移向机会，比如杜大伟先生和谢副秘书长说到的给外来打工者提供信息和培训，提高这些地区的教育水平。两位还讲到了影响土地政策的监管措施，以及给新打工者的服务，即新教育项目。再次强调，这些服务不一定针对某个地区，但是却很有效，我们称其为无视区域差异的机制或政策。第二类是连接不同区域的政策，如基础设施的投资，包括跨区域交通，从而使经济活动能够更轻易地流动。还有电信上的投资。我们要看到，有些国家进行了这些投资，比如交通投资，可以开放这些国家的落后地区，吸引来自发达地区的经济活动。发达地区的公司也迁移到落后地区。落后地区的公司并不一定能从中获益，但是居民却能从更低的价格中得到实惠。第三类政策从空间上针对特定地区的经济发展，如财政激励措施，补贴，经济特区，工业选址等，不过就像我刚才说的，要权衡收益和成本。因为不同国家就初始阶段的问题有不同的应对政策，所以报告指出可以采用三类政策的组合，即无视区域差异的机制，连接不同区域的基础设施，和针对特定区域的激励措施，而是否采取组合取决于该国或该地区的问题是否复杂。如果问题只涉及一个方面，比如穷人远离经济发展机遇，那么最好的方法就是用一套无视区域差异的政策和机制。如果这个国家或地区的问题不仅仅牵涉到距离，还涉及到贫困地区人口过于密集，那就既要有机制，也要有基础设施。要是在距离和人口密度的基础之上，还出现了缺乏远见的新问题，让人们很难迁移，那就要采取针对特定区域的政策，保证这些省份或区域有足够的经济活动。所以报告所说的就是根据各国不同的经济状况，采取不同的组合。最后，重申一下，主要理由就是确保各国和各地区的经济政策能够充分利用规模经济或经济活动的低成本优势。两个彼此挨着的公司就能利用这个“亲密”的关系来相互学习。专业化的公司也能从中获益，先专注一个领域，再专注另一个，从而学习更多技能。公司不断发展，规模的增大也大有裨益。如果我们这样做，哪怕各区域的发展不均衡，但是整体发展还是稳步向前的。谢谢。（2008年6月17日，世界银行亚太区人类发展局局长伊曼努埃希曼内兹在“缩小城乡差距 促进区域发展国际研讨会”上的演讲，全文，根据录音材料整理）Text 3Distinguished Leaders, Dear Guests,Good afternoon.Im delighted to be here today to exchange my ideas with all of you. Guizhou Qianshan Tourism Development Co. Ltd. is the witness of the friendly collaboration in tourism under the Framework Agreement on Pan Pearl River Delta (Pan PRD) Regional Cooperation. At this moment, I feel much privileged, as an investor representative, to brief you on the macro tourism environment of Guizhou and the experience of our company in this friendly atmosphere.As is known to all, for historical reasons, Guizhou has long been economically underdeveloped in a relative sense and geographically remote. Thus the great variety of natural resources and cultural heritage in Guizhou has been comparatively well preserved, which provides great natural conditions for Guizhou to develop its tourism industry.Guizhou boasts a plentitude of resources. Different shapes of Karst landform are widely spread province-wide, not to mention the primitive natural landscapes and sceneries of folk culture. Its agreeable climate, featuring moderate temperature, gives Guiyang, the provincial capital, the fame of the City of Forest, the City of Summer Resort, making it an ideal destination for tourism and recreation.The establishment of CEPA gives Guizhou a golden opportunity for tourism development. Under this framework, the Provincial CPC Committee and Government have attached great importance to tourism in Guizhou. On the one hand, through the promotion activities with the theme of Colorful Guizhou, the provincial tourism resources are introduced to Chinese and overseas investors, who are privileged with more preferential policies in addition to a large array of comprehensive activities to attract business and investment. While on the other hand, the Provincial CPC Committee and government have made every effort to improve the infrastructure and build a sound soft environment. It is under these circumstances that the Guangdong Lanwa International (Group) Co. Ltd. made the decision to invest in Guizhous tourism industry for its broad prospect.As an investor, we would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to governments at all levels in Guizhou Province for their support in various aspects beginning from the initial investment we made here. The reasons for our investment in Guizhou are the latecomer advantage, unique resources and sound investment climate. It can also be attributed to the exciting prospect in Pan PRD development and cooperation, which points out our strategic direction of development. Since our entry into Guizhou, we have successively invested in the following scenic spots: Xiangsi River Scenic Spot in Guiyang; Wujiang River, Duobin Cave, Xiwang Mountain Scenic Spots in Xifeng; Loushan Pass, Hai Long Tun Fortress in Zunyi; Kuan Kuo Shui Preserve, Shuanghe Cave, Jiudao Gate in Suiyang, and so on. The total investment stands at 1.5 billion RMB in an area of almost 200 km2. Availing ourselves of the experiences gained from successful cases in developing large-scale tourist attractions and capital accumulated in real estate development from our parent firm, Guangdong Lanwa International (Group) Co. Ltd., and of our professional team, we follow the investment philosophy of “technology, quality, culture and ecology.” By taking advantage of unlimited resources of tourism featuring revolutionary heritage and primitive tourism in Guizhou, we are dedicated to building a first-rate large-sized scenic area in China, integrating tourism featuring revolutionary heritage, health maintenance, recreation, cave adventure, business travel and folk customs along the whole length of the ChongqingZhanjiang Highway. In marketing, our company resorts to network technology to link various scenic spots in Hainan, Shandong, Mount Huangshan, Ningbo, Jilin and Beihai and other places across the country to set up our own tourism marketing system. Whats more, we use the huge database stored in our real estate development to generate high-end products and high-end markets, and utilize capital advantage in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to tap the advantage of tourism resources in Guizhou. Meanwhile, we are also an active player in building the all-inclusive tourism framework of Guiyang as “the City of Forest, the City of Summer Resort,” so as to produce top-class tourism products.By conducting the “9+2” Pan PRD tourism collaboration for the development of regional tourism resources, the member provinces and autonomous regions can complement each other with their particular edges, share tourist sources, jointly launch cross-province tourism routes of choice and explore overseas tourist markets, and actively promote IT application in tourism industry for information sharing. And all of these constitute exactly the ideal environment longed for by us investors. The Pan PRD region, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau in particular, is an important source of tourists for Guizhou. It will draw more inbound tourists via regional collaboration in tourism and sharing tourist sources. While cooperation and exchange with neighboring provinces will be conducive for tourism enterprises in this province to acquire advanced managerial philosophy to the end of better regional competitiveness and tourism growth.Guizhou and Guangdong, with a long tradition of collaboration, have scored splendid results in energy and tourism development. According to the Framework Agreement on Pan PRD Regional Cooperation recently reached by Guizhou and Guangdong, the two provinces will actively participate and promote the “9+2” Pan PRD collaboration to boost common prosperity and development of both tourism industries.In mid November, during the economic coordination meeting of the six south-western provinces, autonomous region and municipality, we discussed about regional tourism collaboration. According to the result of the negotiation, these six administrative divisions agreed to set up tourist distribution centers, ticket offices for inter-city ticket selling and ordering in the central cities, and introduce facilitation measures like set ticket and all-in-one ticket. This measure, through removing intra-regional barriers and building an accessible tourism channel, will help establish the barrier-free cross-regional tourism zone in southwest China, which is definitely a positive message for investors on tourism.To develop all-inclusive tourism in Pan PRD, Guizhou province has carried out successfully a series of promotion activities on a large scale in various provinces and municipalities as well as in Singapore with the theme of Colorful Guizhou. With “Charming mountains, rivers and sceneries, fascinating folk songs, dances and customs,” we