同位语从句——语法专题讲解.doc

User第 5 页2019/11/25高中英语语法专题讲解专题二、同位语从句一、同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief, chance, doubt, hope, idea, news, opinion, thought, promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether和副词how, when, where等。二、 同位语从句（1） 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。eg：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2） 同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who, when ,where, how, whether(不能用if)等词来引导。eg：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3） 分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。eg：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4） 后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。 注：advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形 eg：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1） 所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。eg：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all. （2） 在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替eg：We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. The news that we heard spread all over the city.（3） 所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,order, belief, doubt, fear, truth, throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 （4） wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。eg：I have no idea where the meeting will be held.He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch. 跟踪练习：1、There is no obvious evidence_ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.A. which B. that C. how D. where2、My friend showed me round the town, _was very kind of him.A. which B. that C. where D. it3、Many children, _parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom4、Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriage-almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what 定 语 从 句 及 同 位 语 从 句 专 项 训 练 1. That is _ he said. A. all what B. all which C. all that D. all which 2. These are things and persons _Ive heard of. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 3. Please tell me everything _you know. A. what B. that C. which D. all what 4. We know the fact _he has gone to college. A. that B. which C. what D. why 5.I received the news _Xiao Ping had passed away. A. what B. that C. which D. in which 6. This is the thing _he referred to. A. who B. whom C./ D. what 7. This is the building, in front of _there is a dog lying on the ground. A. that B. which C. it D./ 8. Those are the students, most of _are very active. A. that B. them C. which D. whom. 9. The girl _father lives in Beijing won the first prize in maths. A. who B. whose C. whom D that 10. The factory _we work is very big. A. that B. which C. where D. who 11. The factory _we visited is very big. A. that B. where C. in which D. on which 12. This is the day _we joined the army. A. which B. that C. when D. in which 13. The days _we spent last year will not be forgotten. A. that B. on which C. in which D. when 14. He has such a book _I borrowed from the library.A. which B. that C. as D. what 15. He made the same progress _I did in my entrance examination. A. what B. that C. on which D. as 16. The reason _he gave me was not reasonable. A. that B. why C. for D. for which 17. September 18, 1913 is the day _well never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that 18. I remember the day _I first came to the college. A. on which B. in which C. which D. that 19. Is this factory _we visited last year? A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which 20. Is this the factory _your father worked? A. where B. which C. of which D. in that 21. This is the factory _we visited the day before yesterday. A. where B. which C. the one D. at which 22. Is this the factory _colour TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 23. Where is the window _glass is broken? A. which B. that C. whose D. its 24. The book, the cover_is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which 25. His father is an engineer, _makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what 26.That was the reason _Mac refused to speak at the meeting. A. why B. that C. which D. of which 27. The knife _ we cut the bread is very sharp. A. with which B. that which C. which with D. which 28. Is there anything _I can do for you? A. which B. what C. that D. whom 29.This is the fact _he is very smart. A. that B. what C. which D. where 30. I got the news _he will go abroad. A. that B. which C. what D. on which 31. This is the worker, _the book was written. A. who B. whom C. of D. by whom 32. This is the reason _ he was put into prison.A. of it B. for it C. in which D. for which 33. My father made a promise _he would buy me a toll. A. that B. which C. what D. when 历届高考题 1.A child _parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose D.with 2. All _ is needed is a supply of oil A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 3. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 4. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 5. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth A. itB. which C. this D.th