微电子专业外语3.ppt

专业外语,姓名：陈军宁蔺智挺时间：二一二年三月,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,ThisflexibilityofPFETsisexploitedinsomeanalogcircuits.ThecircuitsymbolsusedtorepresentNMOSandPMOStransistorsareshowninFig.2.5.注意：flexibility，exploited，use,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,flexibility，exploited,flexibility英fleksblt美flksbltn.柔韧性，机动性，灵活性exploitvt.开采；开拓；利用（为自己谋利）；剥削近义词advantage得益，获利,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,use,usedto是“过去曾经.”的意思，后接动词比如：Heusedtobeateacher。他曾经是一名教师Iusedtogoswimmingonceaweek。我曾经每周都去游泳beusedto是“习惯.”的意思，后接名词Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯了早起Maryisusedtoherhusbandsbadtemper.Mary习惯了她丈夫的坏脾气,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,use,getusedto强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“beusedto”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,ThesymbolsinFig.2.5(b)containallfourterminals,withthesubstratedenotedbyB(bulk)ratherthanStoavoidconfusionwiththesource.注意：avoid+n/-ing,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,ThesourceofthePMOSdeviceispositionedontopasavisualaidbecauseithasahigherpotentialthanitsgate.注意：asavisualaid作为视觉辅助,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,SinceinmostcircuitsthebulkterminalsofNMOSandPMOSdevicesaretiedtogroundandVdd,respectively,weusuallyomittheseconnectionsindrawingFig.2.5(a).注意：omit;indrawingFigxx,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,omit,omit是省略neglect是不经意的忽视而ignore是故意不理其他近义词skip,miss,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Indigitalcircuits,itiscustomarytousethe“switchsymbolsdepictedinFig.2.5(c)forthetwotypes,butwepreferthoseinFig.2.5(a)becausethevisualdistinctionbetweenDandSproveshelpfulinunderstandingtheoperationofcircuits.注意：prefer,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,prefer,1、后接不定式时与ratherthan或insteadof连用，如：Hepreferredtodieratherthan(to)steal./Heperferredtodieinsteadofstealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。2、注意介词搭配，如：Ipreferswimmingtoskating.(Ilikeswimmingbetterthanskating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more或most连用,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,prefer,3、prefer名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。Iprefergoingbybike.我宁愿骑单车去。4、prefertodo“愿意做”。Iprefertogoatonce.我愿意马上就走。5、prefersbtodo“愿意某人做”Ipreferyoutogoatonce.我倒希望你马上就走。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Inthissection,weanalyzethegenerationandtransportofchargeinMOSFETsasafunctionoftheterminalvoltages.注意：analyze;function,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,analyze,analyse和analyze英美的写法不同；而analysis和analyse词性不同，不过analyse也有名词的用法。analysen.研究分析各个部分。analysisn.研究一个整体的各部分，以及其各部分组成整体的关系,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,function,官能,功能,作用Theteacherexplainsitsgrammaticalfunction.老师解释它的语法功能。2.职务,职责Whatishisfunctiononthecommittee?他在委员会里担任什么职务?函式、函数在数学领域，函数是一种关系在编程语言中，表示子例程的一般性名词。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,OurobjectiveistoderiveequationsfortheI/Vcharacteristicssuchthatwecanelevateourabstractionfromdevicephysicsleveltocircuitlevel.注意：objective;derive;elevate;abstraction,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,objective,objective-由object（受体）而来，表示“受体的结果”，即此动作影响下的事物结果，顺理成章的。aim多注重于“目的”-事物发展的最终结果。这一个“目的”“目标”是非主观的（即主语多用于物或者事件）goal长期、主观愿意的，尤其常用在表示“愿望”“理想”上面,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,elevate,liftraiseelevate都含“举起”的意思。lift指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”，如：Shecanliftapailofwaterfromtheground.她能把一桶水提起来。raise与lift可换用，但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置，以发挥应有的作用”，如：raiseaflag.升旗。elevate多数用於提高嗓子、思想，地位等,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,ConsideranNFETconnectedtoexternalvoltagesasshowninFig.2.6(a).Whathappensasthegatevoltage,VG,increasesfromzero?注意：increasesfrom,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,increases,Wehaveaddedonemilliontoourpopulation.Wehaveincreasedourpopulationbyonemillion.两句都表示“我们的人口已经增加了一百万。”Add通常与介词搭配AddupPleaseaddupthosenumbers.请把那些数字加起来。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,increases,addto增加Hisabsenceaddstoourdifficulties.他的缺席增加了我们的困难。addupto合计为Lincolnsschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.林肯的在校教育加起来不超过一年。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Sincethegateandthesubstrateformacapacitor,asVGbecomesmorepositive,theholesinthep-substratearerepelledfromthegatearea,leavingnegativeionsbehindsoastomirrorthechargeonthegate.注意：form;holes;repel;ions;soasto;mirror,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,form,n.形状，形式；外形；方式；表格vt.形成；构成；组织；塑造Theytriedtoformastudygrouponhumanrights他们试图组建一个人权问题研究小组。Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthandoccupation.你将需要填写一张有关生日和职业详情的表格。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,holes;ions;mirror,ionn.离子Ionsareelectricallychargedatoms.holesn.洞，孔；洞穴。currentmirror电流镜,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,soasto,两者都可以引导目的状语从句“为了”，inorderto在句子前面或中间皆可，而soasto不能放在句首，soasto.=inorderto.,它后面跟的不是句子,在它后面部分的逻辑主语本来就在前面.当然前后一致了.sothat.=so+that引导的从句,没有要求过从句和主句的主语一致。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Inotherwords,adepletionregioniscreatedFig.2.6(b).Underthisconditionnocurrentflowsbecausenochargecarriersareavailable.注意：depletionregion；available,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,available,这个词有点怪，是形容词，但是一般放到所修饰的词后面。凡句子中含有是“有。可以用到”的时候都可以考虑这个词。这个词关系到我们思维方式，而不是这个词用法有多复杂。反义词是unavailable.1、对不起，没座了。Chinglish:Sorry,wehavenoseatsnow.Revision:Sorry,noseatsavailable.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,available,2、网站暂时无法访问。Chinglish:Thiswebsitecantbevisitedtemporarily.Revision:WebsiteTemporarilyUnavailable.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,AsVGincreases,sodothewidthofthedepletionregionandthepotentialattheoxide-siliconinterface.注意：sodo,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,sodo,SodoI的用法主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。该结构中的助动词do根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are,was,were,does,did,can,could等。例如Hepassedtheexam,andsodidI=Hepassedtheexam,andIpassedtheexam,too=BothheandIpassedtheexam=HeandIbothpassedtheexam.他通过了考试，我也通过了考试。/他和我都通过了考试。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,sodo,Theywenttothezooyesterday.Sodidwe.他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither,nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。例如Hecouldntdoit,andneithercouldshe.他做不了这事，她也做不了。Henevercomeslate.NordoI.他从不迟到，我也从不迟到,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,sodo,SoIdo的用法主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词do根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are,was,were,does,did,can,could等。例如Hehasdoneagoodjob.他干得不错。Sohehas.他的确干得不错,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Inasense,thestructureresemblestwocapacitorsinseries:thegateoxidecapacitorandthedepletionregioncapacitorFig.2.6.注意：Inasense;resembles,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,resemble,Someproceduresusedforlaboratoryanalysisofarchaeologicalspecimensare_proceduresconductedincrimelaboratories.A:resembleB:similartoC:sameasD:alike,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,resemble,bealiketo与相同，与相似Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。resemble是及物动词similar是形容词B,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,课上作业,Anintegratedcircuitormonolithicintegratedcircuit(alsoreferredtoasanIC,achip,oramicrochip)isasetofelectroniccircuitsononesmallplate(chip)ofsemiconductormaterial,normallysilicon.Thiscanbemademuchsmallerthanadiscretecircuitmadefromindependentcomponents.Integratedcircuitsareusedinvirtuallyallelectronicequipmenttodayandhaverevolutionizedtheworldofelectronics.Computers,mobilephones,andotherdigitalhomeappliancesarenowinextricablepartsofthestructureofmodernsocieties,madepossiblebythelowcostofproducingintegratedcircuits.ICscanbemadeverycompact,havinguptoseveralbilliontransistorsandotherelectroniccomponentsinanareathesizeofafingernail.Thewidthofeachconductinglineinacircuit(thelinewidth)canbemadesmallerandsmallerasthetechnologyadvances,in2008itdroppedbelow100nanometersandin2013itisexpectedtobeinthetensofnanometers.,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Whentheinterfacepotentialreachesasufficientlypositivevalue,electronsflowfromthesourcetotheinterfaceandeventuallytothedrain.注意：eventually,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,eventually,atlast,atlength,eventually,finally,intheend,lastly这些词或词组均含有“最后，终于”之意。atlast:多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。atlength:强调经历一段长时间后终于完成，侧重在时间部分。eventually:侧重于动作或行为的结果。finally:常与atlast换用，都可用于对往事的描述，,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Thus,achannelofchargecarriersisformedunderthegateoxidebetweenSandD,andthetransistoristurnedon”.注意：oxide,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,Oxide,Oxidepassivation氧化层钝化Silicondioxide（SiO2）二氧化硅Aluminumlu:mnm-oxide铝氧化物Fieldoxide场氧化层Gateoxide栅氧化层,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Wealsosaytheinterfaceisinverted”.ThevalueofVGforwhichthisoccursiscalledthethresholdvoltage”,Vth.注意：forwhich,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,forwhich,inwhich可以翻译成在.里面forwhich可以翻译成为了.目的onwhch可以翻译成在.的上面atwhich可以翻译成在.里面或在.上面这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别，具体是要以which引导的从句而定的例如(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,forwhich,(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.还有一些固定搭配，得具体情况具体分析。例如Theplanemaybeseveralhourslate,inwhichcasetheresnopointinourwaiting.（固定搭配：inthecase),DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,IfVGrisesfurther,thechargeinthedepletionregionremainsrelativelyconstantwhilethechannelchargedensitycontinuestoincrease,providingagreatercurrentfromStoD.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Inreality,theturn-onphenomenonisagradualfunctionofthegatevoltage,makingitdifficulttodefineVthunambiguously.注意：phenomenon;make;unambiguously,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,make,中文中会出现很多“让”，在表示这些时，人们常常毫不思考的使用let到底，其实表示“让”一般有make,ask,let,have，但四个单词的用法不一样，所表示的语气程度也不一样。1.makemakesbdosomething表示强制sb做某事。Ifyoumakesomeonedosomething,youforcethemtodoit.Youcantmakemedoanything,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,make,asksbtodosth表示正常的要求，不强迫，无上下级之分。Ifyouasksomeonetodosomething,youtellthemthatyouwantthemtodoit.举例：Wehadtoaskhimtoleave.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,make,letsbdosth态度最低，有点祈求许可之意。Collins解释为：Ifyouletsomeonedosomething,yougivethemyourpermissiontodoit.举例：IlovesweetsbutMumdoesntletmehavethemveryoften.Visaornovisa,theywontletyouintothecountry.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,make,Havesbdosomething表示命令sb做某事，有支配、指使之意。Ifyouhavesomeonedosomething,youpersuade,cause,ororderthemtodoit.举例：MrGowerhadhadusallworkingsohard.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Insemiconductorphysics,theVthofanNFETisusuallydefinedasthegatevoltageforwhichtheinterfaceisasmuchn-typeasthesubstrateisp-type”.注意：asas,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,asas,表示“相等、相似、一样”。结构是as.as.，前一个as是副词，在否定句中也可以用so，后跟被修饰的形容词或副词原级。如果所跟形容词修饰可数名词单数，则用as+adj.+a(an)+名词+as.，其中后面的as是连词。HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot_anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan答案为C。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,asas,asmany/much/far/long.as+具体数目表示达到某种程度,译作“多达/远到/时间长达”。Johnisthetallestboyintheclass_accordingtohimself.A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas答案为B,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,asas,as用于表示倍数的句型中如果表示A是B的X倍可以用句型“AisXtimesas+adj./adv.+asB.”。Whataterribletable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.A.halfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfasC.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf答案为c,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Inpractice,thenativethresholdvalueobtainedfromtheaboveequationmaynotbesuitedtocircuitdesign,e.g.,Vth=0andthedevicedoesnotturnoffforVG0.注意：besuitedto,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Forthisreason,thethresholdvoltageistypicallyadjustedbyimplantationofdopantsintothechannelareaduringdevicefabrication,inessencealteringthedopinglevelofthesubstrateneartheoxideinterface.注意：dopants;inessence,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,dopants;inessence,dopant英dupnt美dopntn.搀杂物，搀杂剂inessence本质上，大体上，其实,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Forexample,asshowninFig2.7,ifathinsheetofp+iscreated,thegatevoltagerequiredtodepletethisregionincreases.注意：required,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,required,后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，即should加原形动词或动词原形。例如:Theteacherrequestedthateachofus(should)gothereatonce.老师要求我们每一个人要马上到那儿去。Theteacherrequiredthatallofus(should)attendthemeeting.老师要求我们大家都出席这次会议。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,required,request后接sb.todosth.,demand后接ofsb.todosth.,而requre后接两者均可。例如：Mr.Whiterequestedhisdaughtertoleavehere.怀特先生要求他的女儿离开这里。Mr.Greenrequired(of)hisstudentstokeepsilent.格林先生要求他的学生保持安静。Hedemandedofmetoshutthegate.他要求我关上大门。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,required,require表示;需要的意思，后可接动词不定式或动名词。接动词不定式时，应该用不定式的被动形式，接动名词时，用动名词的主动形式（表示被动意义）。例如：Thebabyrequirestobelookedafter.=Thebabyneeds/wantstobelookedafter.=Thebabyrequires/needs/wantslookingafter.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,required,注意：require(of)sb用于被动语态时，of不可省。如：Ihavedoneeverythingthatwasrequiredofme.demand后接fromsb或ofsb.Hedemandshelpfrom/ofme.demand后接不定式，不接动名词。Hedemandstoseemybooks.,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,TheabovedefinitionisnotdirectlyapplicabletothemeasurementofVth.注意：applicable,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,InFig2.6(a),onlythedraincurrentcanindicatewhetherthedeviceisonoroff”,thusfailingtorevealatwhatVGStheinterfaceisasmuchn-typeasthebulkisp-type.注意：failing,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Asaresult,thecalculationofVthfromI/Vmeasurementsissomewhatambiguous.WereturntothispointlaterbutassumeinourpreliminaryanalysisthatthedeviceturnsonabruptlyforVgsVth.注意：somewhat;assume;preliminary,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,somewhat;preliminary,somewhatadv.稍微；有点；达到某种程度n.少量preliminary英priliminri美prlmnriadj.初步的，初级的；预备的；开端的；序言的n.准备工作；预赛；初步措施；（对学生等的）预考,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,assume,assume：指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真相，含有较强的武断成分。Iassumeyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.我想你总是在同一个时间起床。presume：指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉把某事认为事实，虽然还没有确定的证据。Ipresumeyouretiredafterthelongride.长途旅行后我想你肯定累了。,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,BasicMOSDevicePhysics,Theturn-onphenomenoninaPMOSdeviceissimilartothatofNFETsbutwithallofthepolaritiesreversed.注意：thatof;polaritypolrti,p-极性,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,thatof,thatof.中that是代词,与关系代词无关,它代替了前面的某个内容.Theproductinherfactoryisbetterthanthatofmine.比较就要同质比较，并行就代替并行的内容.要符合逻辑,DesignofAnalogCOMSIntegratedCircuit,Basi